同濟(jì)大學(xué)機(jī)械課程設(shè)計(jì)步進(jìn)輸送機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)說明書

1、機(jī)械原理課程設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算說明書設(shè)計(jì)題目：步進(jìn)輸送機(jī)學(xué)院：機(jī)械與能源工程學(xué)院組號(hào)：第六小組設(shè)計(jì)者：同濟(jì)大學(xué)目錄一、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書········································&

2、#183;······1.設(shè)計(jì)題目··········································&

3、#183;·······2.原始數(shù)據(jù)及設(shè)計(jì)要求········································二、

4、方案設(shè)計(jì)·················································1.

5、工作原理的分析與說明······································2.最終方案·········&#

6、183;········································三、機(jī)構(gòu)的尺寸計(jì)算········

7、;···································1.已知參數(shù)··············

8、;····································2.桿件·············&

9、#183;········································3.凸輪········

10、83;·············································4.電動(dòng)機(jī)和減速箱···

11、·········································四、機(jī)構(gòu)的狀態(tài)參數(shù)及分析·······

12、···························1.滑架······················&#

13、183;·······························2.凸輪·················

14、3;····································五、運(yùn)動(dòng)分析校驗(yàn)············&#

15、183;································1.運(yùn)動(dòng)循環(huán)圖················&

16、#183;·······························2. 滑架分析（每隔5度）················

17、·······················六、設(shè)計(jì)心得體會(huì)·························

18、3;···················七、主要參考文獻(xiàn)·····························&#

19、183;···············八、小組備用方案·································

20、············九、小組分工情況····································

21、3;········一、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書1.設(shè)計(jì)題目步進(jìn)輸送機(jī)是一種間歇輸送工件的傳送機(jī)械，如圖1所示。工件由料倉卸落到輥道上，滑架作往復(fù)直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。滑架的正行程時(shí)，通過棘鉤使工件向前運(yùn)動(dòng)；滑架返回時(shí)，棘鉤的彈簧被壓下，棘鉤從工件下面滑過，工件不動(dòng)。當(dāng)滑架又向前運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，棘鉤又鉤住下一個(gè)工件向前運(yùn)動(dòng)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)工件的步進(jìn)傳送，插板作帶停歇的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，可使工件保持一定的時(shí)間間隔卸落到輥道上。2.原始數(shù)據(jù)及設(shè)計(jì)要求1）輸送工件的形狀和尺寸如圖1所示，輸送步長H=830mm。2）滑架工作行程平均速度為0.42m/s。要求保證輸送速度

22、盡可能均勻，行程速比系數(shù)K值為1.65左右。3）滑架導(dǎo)軌水平線至安裝平面的高度在1200mm以下。4）電動(dòng)機(jī)功率可選用1.1KW，1400r/min左右（如，Y90s-4）。5）為保證推爪在推動(dòng)工件前保持推程狀態(tài)，輸送機(jī)構(gòu)的行程應(yīng)大于工件輸送步長20mm左右。二、方案設(shè)計(jì) 1.工作原理的分析與說明1）滑架作往復(fù)直線運(yùn)動(dòng)將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為直線運(yùn)動(dòng)，可以采用曲柄搖桿、齒輪齒條等機(jī)構(gòu)，但考慮到任務(wù)書中行程速比系數(shù)，即要求有急回特性，故在曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)中選擇。曲柄搖桿機(jī)構(gòu)演化出曲柄滑塊、導(dǎo)桿等機(jī)構(gòu)。曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)加工方便，但是容易產(chǎn)生死點(diǎn)，且要求桿件強(qiáng)度高，否則容易折斷。而導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)不容易產(chǎn)生死點(diǎn)。從

23、牛頭刨床機(jī)構(gòu)和任務(wù)書的參考資料來看，導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)比曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu)更有優(yōu)勢。2）插板作帶停歇的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)把圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)化為周期性的直線運(yùn)動(dòng)，可以采用凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)，再加上連桿機(jī)構(gòu)。任務(wù)書參考資料提供的組合機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)用了凸輪、連桿、滑塊等多種機(jī)構(gòu)，較為繁瑣，因此，在任務(wù)書的基礎(chǔ)上，本小組決定加以簡化和改進(jìn)。2.最終方案導(dǎo)桿機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)滑架作往復(fù)直線運(yùn)動(dòng)。凸輪和滑塊的組合機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)插板作帶停歇的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)?？偨Y(jié)構(gòu)圖： 三、機(jī)構(gòu)的尺寸計(jì)算1.已知參數(shù)1)輸送步長S=H+20=830+20=850mm2)時(shí)間物件下落時(shí)間t3=2hg=2×0.0810=0.1265s行程時(shí)間t1Sv=8500.42=2.02s回程時(shí)間t2

24、=t1K=2.021.65=1.23s一個(gè)周期時(shí)間t=t1+t2=3.25s局部示意圖：3）擺角計(jì)算D1CD2=360°×K-1K+1=180°×1.65-11.65+1=44.151°2.桿件lCD1=12Ssin(2)=12×850sin(44.151°×12)=1130.8mm取lAC=700mmlAB1=AC×sin2=700×sin44.151°×12=263.1mm3.凸輪1）凸輪軌跡取實(shí)際廓線最小半徑r1=100mm，實(shí)際廓線最大半徑r2=320mm完全打開角度

25、1t3t×360°=0.12653.25×360°=14°取關(guān)閉時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)角2126°3360-126-142110°凸輪的初始偏轉(zhuǎn)角度0110°14°2117°根據(jù)對心平底推桿盤形凸輪機(jī)構(gòu)的直角坐標(biāo)方程公式，工作廓線的軌跡有如下關(guān)系：x=r0+ssin+dsdcosy=r0+scos-dsdsin其中：r0表示實(shí)際廓線的最小半徑s表示推桿產(chǎn)生的位移表示凸輪轉(zhuǎn)過的角度x表示工作廓線的橫坐標(biāo)y表示工作廓線的縱坐標(biāo)t等于，關(guān)于t的表達(dá)式均為程序代碼1)當(dāng)0°<110°時(shí)s1=11

26、0sin110-2+110注：s隨凸輪轉(zhuǎn)角變化，滿足三角方程函數(shù)，故傳動(dòng)平穩(wěn)，沒有剛性沖擊，下同。x=sin(t*pi/180)*(210+110*sin(t*pi/110-pi/2)+cos(t*pi/180)*pi*cos(t*pi/110-pi/2)y=cos(t*pi/180)*(210+110*sin(t*pi/110-pi/2)- sin(t*pi/180)*pi*cos(t*pi/110-pi/2)2)當(dāng)110°<124°時(shí)s2220320*sin(t*pi/180)320*cos(t*pi/180)3)當(dāng)124°<234°時(shí)s

27、3110sin-110+179110+110x=sin(t*pi/180)*(210+110*sin(-t*pi/110+179*pi/110)+cos(t*pi/180)*pi*cos(-t*pi/110+179*pi/110)y=cos(t*pi/180)*(210+110*sin(-t*pi/110+179*pi/110)+sin(t*pi/180)*pi*cos(-t*pi/110+179*pi/110)4)當(dāng)234°<360°時(shí)s4=0x=100*sin(t*pi/180)y=100*cos(t*pi/180)將上述代碼輸入Solidworks軟件，則生成圖

28、像：2）其他參數(shù)lEF2=267mm當(dāng)接觸點(diǎn)為實(shí)際廓線最大半徑時(shí)，lEF1和lEF2水平，當(dāng)接觸點(diǎn)為實(shí)際廓線最小半徑時(shí)，lGH移動(dòng)的距離為lEF1-lEF12-(r2-r1)2=267-2672-320-1002=115.71mm則取lGH117.71mm，此時(shí)開關(guān)完全打開，物體下落4.電動(dòng)機(jī)和減速箱1.電動(dòng)機(jī)型號(hào)：Y90S-4 ，功率P=1.1KW，n1400r/min2.減速箱示意圖：1）齒數(shù)z1=24，z2=67，z3=158i1H=1-i13H=1-z3z1=1+15824=7.5832）模數(shù)m=2.53）半徑大圓半徑：r大=300mm，小圓半徑：r小=120mmi=r小r大=1203

29、00=0.44）校驗(yàn)n要求1t13.25×6018.46r/minn實(shí)際=n'×14÷i1H×i=1400×14÷7.583×0.4=18.46rminn要求，故滿足要求。四、機(jī)構(gòu)的狀態(tài)參數(shù)及分析1.滑架利用Solidworks-motion軟件模擬仿真系統(tǒng)，得到滑架的位移、速度和加速度的大致情況。1）位移分析：在一個(gè)周期（3.25s）內(nèi)，滑架的位移為3505-2656849m850m，故滿足要求。2）速度分析：縱軸每一小格代表238.5m/s，則左邊的起始點(diǎn)的速度大約為0m/s。在一個(gè)周期內(nèi)，最大速度為0.597m

30、/s，出現(xiàn)在行程階段，最小速度為1.313m/s，出現(xiàn)在回程階段。而行程階段的速度基本比回程快，有急回特性，滿足要求。3）加速度分析：在1.14s和1.52s之間（大約1.3s）的地方，出現(xiàn)向下的小缺口，可能是模擬系統(tǒng)的誤差，可以排除在外?？傮w看，加速度在-2.893m/s2到2.892m/s2之間，不考慮方向，則加速度不超過2.9m/s2，沒有出現(xiàn)突變的地方，變化較為平緩，滿足要求。五、運(yùn)動(dòng)分析校驗(yàn)1.運(yùn)動(dòng)循環(huán)圖2.滑架分析（每隔5度）每隔5度，對滑架的位移、速度、加速進(jìn)行分析。0°時(shí)，處于初始位置，速度為0，位移也為0。角度/°位移/mm速度/mms加速度mms2051

31、0152025303540455055606570758085909510010511011512012513013514014515015516016517017518018519019520020521021522022523023524024525025526026527027528028529029530030531031532032533033534034535035536002.9231038.62391416.8264227.2852539.7820654.1219470.1299387.64797106.5322126.6506147.8808170.109193.227721

32、7.135241.7338266.9303292.634318.7564345.2113371.9135398.779425.7243452.6665479.5225506.2087532.6411558.7345584.4024609.5564634.1055657.9559681.01703.1656724.3148744.343763.1273780.5349796.4208810.6259822.9737833.2676841.2874846.7855849.4834849.0686845.1932837.4743825.5001808.8422787.0788759.8319726.

33、8212687.9348643.3104593.4144539.0941481.5796422.4141363.3156305.9945251.9744202.4574158.2609119.823687.2612260.4461439.0882722.8045511.171553.7614820.1643570096.603895154.9646667207.5635479255.0382466297.948393336.7735767371.9208319403.7329273432.4966591458.4508498481.7935856502.6885895521.270703537

34、.6505352551.9183566564.1473282574.3961481582.7111945589.1282311593.6827282596.3711405597.2125372596.2457852593.4167552588.7418544582.1546222573.6874231563.9828786552.3268369536.4979049519.9261178501.1705682480.0930942456.5564117430.3943846401.4060404369.3491487333.9329148294.8099476251.5678732203.72

35、13436150.70580891.8753901426.50867207-46.17170283-126.9568793-216.574982-315.5636852-424.0818852-541.6279287-666.6992432-796.4047261-926.0975003-1049.397223-1158.289138-1244.015106-1298.620463-1316.475555-1295.650913-1238.397897-1150.586289-1040.314739-916.2683876-786.351122-656.8752756-532.3104796-415.427334-307.637999-209.3810626-120.4637192-40.3275227901513.8261361.91226.5551106.383999.2738903.7503818.0084740.5476670.0291605.3047545.3947489.4706436.835386.9025339.1821293.2613248.7922205.48163.0721121.349482.2638139.201516.258481-42.6395-83.256