現(xiàn)在完成時講解及練習(xí)

1、現(xiàn)在完成時講解一基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞have/has+過去分詞(done) 二句型：否定句：主語+have/has + not+過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主語 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)三用法（1）現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒)

2、My father has gone to work.(含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒) （2）現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作（用行為動詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動詞表示）常與for（+時間段）,since（+時間點(diǎn)或過去時的句子）連用. for+時段since+過去一個時間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從以來）since+時段+agosince+從句（過去時）It is+時段+since+從句（過去時）Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 四has gone (to),has been (to), h

3、as been (in) 的區(qū)別Have/Has gone(to) :去了(現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去過（已不在去過的地方）My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志1現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,用以下四大標(biāo)志詞

4、可以表達(dá)這種含義: * 以already, just和yet為標(biāo)志 He has already got her help.他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film.他剛剛看過這場電影。He hasn't come back yet.他還沒有回來。* 以ever和never為標(biāo)志This is the best film I have ever seen.這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing.他從沒有到過北京。* 以動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志He says he has been to the USA three

5、 times. 他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。* 以so far（到目前為止）為標(biāo)+before He has got to Beijing so far.到目前為止他已到了北京。She has passed the exam so far.到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。2過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時間”點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分入手,進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時。*for+時段 since+過去一個時間點(diǎn)（過去 從句）為標(biāo)志注意：1)現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨(dú)與過去的時間狀語連用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等;

6、 2)不能與when連用 2.現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用六過去分詞1規(guī)則動詞：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點(diǎn)變化規(guī)則： (1)、一般動詞，在詞尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)、以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived , (3)、以“輔音字母 + y ”結(jié)尾的動詞，將 "y" 變?yōu)?"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cr

7、ied (4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2不規(guī)則動詞：AAA型原型 過去式 過去分詞burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let let cast cast cast cost cost cost cut cut cut hit hit hit put put putset set set shut shut shut spread spread spreadread read read read原形發(fā)音為/ri:d/,

8、過去式和過去分詞發(fā)音為/red/AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型become became become run ran run come came come特殊情況 ABB型bring brought brought buy bought bought build built builtburn burnt burnt catch caught caught dig dug dugfeel felt felt fight fought fought find found foundhear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept

9、lay laid laid lead led led lose lost lostmake made made meet met met sell sold soldshoot shot shot sit sat sat stand stood stoodsweep swept swept teach taught taught tell told told think thought thought win won wonABC型 begin began begun blow blew blown break broke brokenchoose chose chosen draw drew

10、 drawn drive drove drivendrink drank drunk fly flew flown forgive forgave forgivenforget forgot forgotten freeze froze frozen give gave givengrow grew grown know knew known ride rode riddenrise rose risen ring rang rung shake shook shakensing sang sung sink sank sunk swim swam swumthrow threw thrown

11、 write wrote written七瞬間動詞（buy, die, join, come，go, leave, join ）不能直接與for since 連用。要改變動詞buy-have borrow -keep come/arrive/reach/get to-be in go out-be out leave -be away begin-be on finish-be over open-be open close -be closed die-be dead1have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almo

12、st four years. 2用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5用wear代替put on b) 用“be形容詞”代終止性動詞 1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) i

13、ll 3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep 5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose, die, sell, leave 7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、bemissing(gone, lost)代lose c) 用“be副詞”代終止性動詞 1“beon”代start, begin 2“beup”代get up 3“beback(to)”代return to, come back to, go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,

14、 reach, get) here或go (arrive, reach, get) there等等 d) 用“be介詞短語”代終止性動詞 1“be in/at +地點(diǎn)”代替go to /come to 2用be in the army 代替join the army 3“be in/at +地點(diǎn)”代替move to 常用瞬間動詞變延續(xù)性動詞表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in sw./at相應(yīng)的介詞2. have come/gone back/returned hav

15、e been back 3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up； 7. have died have been dead；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep； 10. have finished/ended/completed h

16、ave been over； 11. have married have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ；13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had 15. have lost havent had16. have put on have worn 17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold； 18. have got to know have known19. have

17、/has gone to have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the armyhave been a member of/ have been in/have been the Partys member/the league member/the soldier 現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)(一)A) 選用have, has填空:1I _ told him the news.2She _ come back from school.3You _ won the game.B) 按要求改寫下列各句:4They

18、 have bought a computer.(改成否定句)_5He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑問句,再作肯定與否定回答)_C) 單項(xiàng)選擇6-Where have you _, Kate?-I've _ to the bank.A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone7Her grandfather _ for two years. A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died8It's six weeks _ I met

19、 you last.A. when B. since C. before D. for9Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have got B. have gone to C. have been to D. have reached現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)（二）一 單項(xiàng)選擇。1Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will know2He has _ b

20、een to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3Have you met Mr. Li _？ . just . ago .before . a moment ago4The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . c

21、hanged ; good . has changed ; better . changed ; better6Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying7e _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will

22、 see . have seen . saw .see9These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone 10_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do

23、; finish11His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made13How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14Hurry up! The play _ for te

24、n minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began15It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16Miss Green isn't in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been17My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to . have gone to . hav

25、e been18The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19Has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived 20His uncle_ for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has

26、started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑問句） 2They have been here since 2000. (對劃線部分提問)_they been here?3The old man _ last year. Hefor a year. (die) （動詞填空）4This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)This factory _ for twenty years.5Miss Gao lef

27、t an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes

28、 ago. (把兩個句子合并成一個句子) _ 三、 漢譯英。1、 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。 2、 他昨天收到一封信。 3、 我父親以前到過長城。 4、 她還沒有看過那部新電影。 5、 她去過上海。 6、 他這些天上哪兒去了？ 參考答案：一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，重點(diǎn)在于對現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是。2、現(xiàn)在完成時常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時間”等時間狀語連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時間，句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選D。5、C6、現(xiàn)在完成時時常與“for +時間段或since +過去時間點(diǎn)”連用（含從句，