英語寫作Narration推薦課件

1、2021/8/221Narration and Description2021/8/222Part I. NarrationlConcept and Basic StructurelFive Aspects of NarrationlHow to Write a NarrationlNarration in CET62021/8/223. Concept and Basic Structure1. 記敘文又稱記事文或敘述文，是按照時間順序敘述人物的經歷和事情的產生、發(fā)展和變化過程的文章。記敘文主要的敘事方式有順敘、倒敘、插敘和夾敘夾議。2. 順敘（in sequence of time）通常是

2、按事情發(fā)生的先后順序進行敘述；倒敘(flashback)把結局提到前面敘述，然后再按時間的順序進行敘述；插敘(narration interspersed with flashbacks)是在敘述過程中，由于某種需要，暫時把敘述的線索中斷，插入與之相關的另外一件事；夾敘夾議(narration interspersed with comments)是一面敘述事情，一面對這種事情加以分析或評論。2021/8/224a. 交代清楚與事件有關的六要素：人物、時間、地點和事情的起因、經過、結尾（who/when/where/why/what/how）b. 選取恰當的敘事角度。在記敘某件事情時，即可采用

3、第一人稱，也可采用第三人稱。第一人稱可以使記敘顯得逼真，讓讀者有一種身臨其境的感覺，也便于表達作者的思想感情，這種形式常用在寫自傳、本人經歷或記敘耳聞目睹的事件；第三人稱可不受時間、空間的限制，可以更加客觀地反映內容，常用在對重大事件的客觀報導以及記敘他人的經歷或事跡。c. 合理使用文章發(fā)展的方法，將事件有邏輯地組織起來。一般來說按開端、發(fā)展、高潮、結尾的順序進行的。常用的表達時間順序的詞和短語有：first, second, third, after that, next, meanwhile, while, afterward, later, whenever, finally, from

4、 then on, soon after, during等。3. 一篇好的記敘文必須具備以下幾點要求：2021/8/225 We planned a surprise party for Lucy recently. She never had a birthday party and she was twenty-one years old. First, we carefully made a guest list. We included many of her friends from school, a few of her other friends from church, an

5、d all of her brothers and sisters. Second, we planned a suitable menu. We needed some refreshing drinks and food. We were going to serve fruit punch and coffee. We also wanted chicken sandwiches, a birthday cake with twenty-one candles, and ice cream. Third, we planned entertainment. A boy did magic

6、 tricks skillfully. Another boy played the guitar well. We all liked group singing. We had a lot of records and a record player. Everyone helped. The party became a secret community project. 2021/8/226d.在記敘文中，記和敘都離不開動詞，所以動詞出現率最高，且富于變化。記敘文中用的最多的是動詞的過去式，這是英語記敘文區(qū)別于漢語記敘文的關鍵之處。英語寫作的優(yōu)美之處就在于這些動詞時態(tài)的變化，正是這一點

7、才使得所記、所敘有鮮活的動態(tài)感、鮮明的層次感和立體感。這一點在準備記敘文的寫作中值得注意。e.主題明確。中心思想是文章的靈魂。我們記敘任何事件都必須有一個明確的主題，要圍繞主題思想精心設計情節(jié)，而不是羅列瑣碎的小事。這個中心思想就是指對所記敘的人、事、物究竟是持什么態(tài)度，是贊成還是反對；是歌頌還是批評都必須明確，并且保持主題始終如一。2021/8/227l科技英語學習主編，上海交大毛榮貴教授與美國天普大學Dorine Houston教授合作對中國大學生作文進行修改，其中一篇寫一個女孩在公交車上為老人讓座，不料在場的三位男青年恥笑女孩，女孩的母親也責怪了她，此時“我”實在看不下去了，就帶頭為女孩

8、的行為鼓掌，車廂里也響起了掌聲。原文的開頭如下：2021/8/228lIn this world, we should think more of other people than ourselves. By doing so, our world will be full of happiness. This, of course, in my personal view. But it is a lesson I have drawn from one of my own experience. So now, I would like to share this experience

9、with you, my dear reader. 2021/8/229按照漢語的寫作標準，這樣的開頭自然而又不俗，但Houston教授對他的評語是“This is essentially a solid essay. The writer uses an anecdote to make a pointNow we just need to give it a good, strong topic sentence using the writers own ideas to form it.”Houston教授為該短文代擬了如下主題句：A little girl and a bus ful

10、l of people taught me an important lesson about the importance of thinking more of other people than of ourselves. One day I took a very crowded bus to school2021/8/2210A Seaside Holiday Once we spent our holiday at the seaside. When we arrived at the seaside, the weather was fine and everything aro

11、und us was beautiful. The sea was all blue with seagulls hovering to and fro. Some boats were floating on the still sea and some speed boats were rushing quickly across the water. We all enjoyed a pleasant time. Most of us swam in the sea. We played and splashed water onto one another. Having swum f

12、or a while, we went to the shore and bathed in the sun on the sand ground. Some went boating. They sang as they boated. The others played games at the shore. We all spent the time happily. When it was time to go back, we were all reluctant to leave. We were freshened by the sea wind and fascinated b

13、y the scenery. The bath in the sea made us healthy and comfortable. I should say a holiday at the seaside is really enjoyable and profitable. 2021/8/2211. Five Aspects of NarrationlContext (背景背景) 記敘文的背景包括事件發(fā)生的時間、地點、記敘文的背景包括事件發(fā)生的時間、地點、人物等要素，這些需要在文章的開頭交代人物等要素，這些需要在文章的開頭交代清楚，從而為事件的發(fā)展提供一個背景環(huán)清楚，從而為事件的發(fā)展提

14、供一個背景環(huán)境，幫助讀者更好地理解事件的進程。境，幫助讀者更好地理解事件的進程。2021/8/2212lSelection of Details (細節(jié)的選取細節(jié)的選取) 一個事件總是由大大小小的細節(jié)構成的。一個事件總是由大大小小的細節(jié)構成的。細節(jié)的選取要適量，如果太少無法使讀者細節(jié)的選取要適量，如果太少無法使讀者了解整個事件的發(fā)生及過程，如果太多又了解整個事件的發(fā)生及過程，如果太多又會使情節(jié)顯得雜亂從而使讀者失去興趣。會使情節(jié)顯得雜亂從而使讀者失去興趣。細節(jié)的選取應遵循一個原則：即僅選取那細節(jié)的選取應遵循一個原則：即僅選取那些與主題相關，能夠帶出中心思想的細節(jié)。些與主題相關，能夠帶出中心思想

15、的細節(jié)。2021/8/2213lOrganization (情節(jié)的組織情節(jié)的組織) 一般的記敘文可以按照時間的順序展開，一般的記敘文可以按照時間的順序展開，即開端、發(fā)展、結局依次將情節(jié)展開。如即開端、發(fā)展、結局依次將情節(jié)展開。如果整個故事情節(jié)已經清楚地交代完畢，則果整個故事情節(jié)已經清楚地交代完畢，則無需另外添加結尾。但有的情況下有必要無需另外添加結尾。但有的情況下有必要在敘述完整個事件的經過后，對事件的意在敘述完整個事件的經過后，對事件的意義或后續(xù)進展做簡單論述。義或后續(xù)進展做簡單論述。 2021/8/2214lPoint of View (觀點觀點) 即可選用第一人稱或第三人稱的寫法。第即可

16、選用第一人稱或第三人稱的寫法。第三人稱的選擇可以比較客觀地表達作者的三人稱的選擇可以比較客觀地表達作者的觀點。觀點。 2021/8/2215lPurpose (目的目的) 記敘文不是單純地流水賬式的記敘，必須記敘文不是單純地流水賬式的記敘，必須有一定的寫作目的?？梢允亲C明某種理論，有一定的寫作目的?？梢允亲C明某種理論，例舉某種概念，贊揚某種美德或是批評某例舉某種概念，贊揚某種美德或是批評某種惡行。所以，在細節(jié)的選取和情節(jié)的設種惡行。所以，在細節(jié)的選取和情節(jié)的設計上都必須緊緊圍繞這一寫作目的。計上都必須緊緊圍繞這一寫作目的。 2021/8/2216. How to Write a Narrati

17、onPrewritingDraw an outline:The time and place of occurrence of the instance and the people who were involvedThe major phases in the process in which the instance developed(1) Your comments on the instance. Work on the three points listed in your outline one by one by trying to collect all the detai

18、ls relevant respectively to each of the three points, so as to make yourself comprehensively familiar with the whole process, within the frame of which the instance developed2021/8/2217Drafting At this stage you are expected to be ready to put what is in your mind concerning the instance into writte

19、n words. Make feasible plan for composing your narrative piece. Topic:_ Tentative title:_ Place:_ Time:_ People involved:_ Details to include (what happened):_ My comments:_ Write the first draft.2021/8/2218Revising: A way to improve your compositionlRead your paper carefully and objectively.lMark p

20、arts or aspects you like and those you think weak and need improving.lCheck the details/examples and see if they support your central idea and if you have better ones to replace them.lRewrite what you think ineffective and supply more powerful details if you can. Cut out whatever detail that does no

21、t relate to the topic2021/8/2219Editing: A way to improve your composition by eliminating the technical errors it containslCheck your spelling.lCheck your grammar: subject-verb agreement, verb forms, tenses, etc.lMake sure you use correct punctuation marks.lObserve essay format: capitalization, inde

22、ntation and spacing.lMake sure your paper has a title2021/8/2220. Narration in CET6l記敘文在歷年大學英語四、六級的作文考試中極少出現，只在2003年6月、9月的四級作文。2004年6月的六級作文中出現過。值得注意的是這三篇文章并不是單純的記敘文，其中都摻雜著說明或是議論的部分，并與日常生活相結合。眾所周知，記敘文是所有文體寫作的基礎，所以考生還是應該好好掌握記敘文的特點和寫作要領。2021/8/2221實戰(zhàn)演練實戰(zhàn)演練 Directions：For this part, you are allowed thir

23、ty minutes to write a composition on the topic The Day My Classmate Fell Ill. 1、簡單描述一下這位同學生病的情況； 2、同學、老師和我是如何幫助他的；3、人和人之間的這種相互關愛給我的感受是.2021/8/2222第一段：第一段：開篇句：About _ oclock one evening in _, _.擴展句：_. (展開描述一下事件)第二段第二段： 主題句：Without hesitation, _. It wasnt long before _.擴展句：1、one _.2、another _.3、our te

24、acher _.第三段：第三段：結尾句：Is _? Who can tell ? But _. 擴展句：1、When _ , people showed _ spirit regardless of _.2、This kind of care between people is the very kind giving, unselfish and priceless devotion or sacrifice.3、And it is just because of this care that we can have warm families, a happy life and a bea

25、utiful world.2021/8/2223范文欣賞范文欣賞 About nine oclock one evening in May, my roommate Li Ming was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough. His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning. His forehead felt very hot. We took his temperature. It was 38.5. Without hesitation, I dialed

26、120. It wasnt long before an ambulance arrived. One roommate brought a blanket for him. Another supported him in the ambulance. Our teacher insisted on giving him some money. Is he a suspected SARS patient? Who can tell ?But we did not retreat. When the savage SARS was spreading, people showed fearless spirit regardless of dangers to their own health. Thi