智能家居外文翻譯外文文獻英文文獻智能家居技術(shù)

1、譯文:智能家居技術(shù)鏈接您家的燈光，娛樂和安全系統(tǒng)的新的自動化家用技術(shù)。智能家居，是一種可以通過識別具有不同生活習慣和感覺的住戶來提供各種不同的智 能服務。而實現(xiàn)這樣的功能其中最關(guān)鍵的問題之一就是如何確定住戶的位置。目前，研究 工作只要集中于兩種方法：終端方式和非終端方式。終端方式需要一種住戶隨身攜帶的設(shè) 備，而非終端方式則不需要這樣的設(shè)備?，F(xiàn)在由于人人都想有一個方便，舒適，安全的居住環(huán)境，因此大家對于智能家居表現(xiàn) 的越來越感興趣。一般來說，智能家居旨在提供合適的智能服務來積極促進住戶更好的生 活，比如家務勞動，娛樂，休息和睡眠。因此，為了提高住戶的便捷和安全，像家用電器， 多媒體設(shè)備和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)

2、備應通過家庭網(wǎng)絡系統(tǒng)連接在一起。并且它們應通過電視或個人數(shù) 字助理(pda)來控制或遠程監(jiān)控。尤其要注意的是，作為一種提供高質(zhì)量的智能服務，fi標應集屮于定位服務，同時考 慮人為因素，比如住戶的生活方式，健康狀況和居住感受。也就是說，如果智能家居能識 別住戶的生活方式或健康狀況，那么家用電器應該能預見住戶的需要，并能更主動的提供 適合的智能服務。例如，在一個被動的服務環(huán)境下，需要住戶控制供熱通風與空氣調(diào)節(jié)系 統(tǒng)(供暖，通風和空調(diào))，而智能家居將根據(jù)住戶情況自動調(diào)節(jié)房間的溫濕度。智能家居或 智能辦公室的各種室內(nèi)感應定位系統(tǒng)的已經(jīng)研發(fā)到能夠識別住戶的位置。一般來說，室內(nèi) 定位感應系統(tǒng)根據(jù)測量技術(shù)分

3、為三種類型：三角測量，場景分析和接近方法。三角測量法 是通過多個已知點來計算位置距離。運用三角測量法的例子包括active badges, active bats 和easy living,它們分別運用了紅外傳感器，超聲波傳感器和視覺傳感器來實現(xiàn)的。場景 解析法是檢測一個場景內(nèi)的特定著眼點。場景解析法的典型例子是使用直流磁力跟蹤器的 motivestar,和使用無線局域網(wǎng)絡lan標準ieee 802, 11的radar。接近法則是以一組已 知點中最接近的點近似作為定位點。接近法的例子有使用壓力傳感器的smart flooro另外，室內(nèi)感應定位系統(tǒng)可以根據(jù)是否需要住戶隨身攜帶一種設(shè)備來分類。終端

4、方式， 例如active bats,不需要直接找到住戶位置，但是可以感應到住戶隨身攜帶的設(shè)備位置， 例如紅外收發(fā)器或者射頻識別技術(shù)(rfid)標簽。因此，如果住戶沒有隨聲攜帶終端設(shè)備， 那就不可能找到他。相反的，非終端方式如easy living和smart floor則不需要這種設(shè)備就 能找到住戶位置。然而，人們認為easy living侵犯了住戶隱私，smart floor則是擴展和維 護都比較困難。家庭自動化己經(jīng)從掛接到客廳燈的手動計時很長的路要走。今天的“智能”家庭自動 調(diào)節(jié)熱量，空氣，光線，音頻和視頻房子周圍分布，控制訪問您的家庭，甚至可以提醒你 鍛煉。新技術(shù)和產(chǎn)品的進步使家居更負擔

5、得起的技術(shù)系統(tǒng)，并比以往任何時候都納入主流家 用系統(tǒng)集成。根據(jù)2004年所做的住宅建筑商研究中心和消費電子協(xié)會，幾乎所有的新家園 一半?yún)f(xié)會的一項研究正在興建中的美國正在利用結(jié)構(gòu)銅“聰明”接線，使安裝技術(shù)的新家 園系統(tǒng)。它是如何工作主要有四種類型的網(wǎng)絡可以在家里安裝，以支持現(xiàn)有的新技術(shù)。各有其優(yōu)勢和根據(jù)您 是否是一個新的家庭布線或升級現(xiàn)有的家庭缺點。結(jié)構(gòu)化布線涉及專門高性能運行在您的整個家庭布線。它提供了一個高度可靠和安全 的網(wǎng)絡，分銷，產(chǎn)品用于手機的數(shù)據(jù)信號，電腦，電視和音頻組件。這對新建筑的理 想，但并不總是很容易安裝在現(xiàn)有的家。此外，網(wǎng)絡僅限于電纜范圍，插座和插頭。無線網(wǎng)絡提供的靈活性和流

6、動性，幾乎消除了通常由現(xiàn)有的布線房主面臨困境的優(yōu)勢。 然而，無線網(wǎng)絡往往是如嬰兒監(jiān)視器，無繩電話不可靠和其他裝置受到干擾。電力線網(wǎng)絡使用的家庭已有的電力線來傳輸數(shù)據(jù)。它們是比較容易的設(shè)置和執(zhí)行，但 執(zhí)行的權(quán)力風險激增，以及一個未加密的家庭網(wǎng)絡可以訪問鄰國分享同樣的變壓器。電話線的網(wǎng)絡使用家里的電話線，以開展多種服務。通常，每個服務指定一個獨特的 頻譜，以便他們不會互相干擾。智能家居技術(shù)也可能使您撥打一個電話線，通過具體 的家庭作業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)和/或預先設(shè)定為撥號到監(jiān)控服務在一旦發(fā)生火警或破裂情況的 研究。而家庭自動化的可能性是有限的，只有你的想象，面對的選擇一般的房主可能似乎令 人望而生畏。好消息

7、是，你不必成為技術(shù)專家，以提高您的家庭的能力。一個家庭技術(shù)集 成商能夠設(shè)計，實施和您的家庭聯(lián)系在一起的各種電子系統(tǒng)。這些措施包括：娛樂：您可能已留下深刻的印彖朋友的家庭影院安裝有一天晚上，當他們突然出現(xiàn)在 他們的電影和dvd播放機給你大屏幕，環(huán)繞聲體驗。但是，為什么不利用這個經(jīng)驗的事呢？ 使用相當簡單的自動化技術(shù)，你可以推“電影”一個觸摸板按鈕在您的家庭娛樂室?；栲?的燈光會，窗簾會結(jié)束時，爆米花機將春季行動，冰箱將檢查你的蘇打冰足夠的水平，您 的通話將被自動轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到您的接聽服務直線。一個小創(chuàng)意和規(guī)劃，所有這些事件可以實現(xiàn)使 用一個家庭網(wǎng)絡。這將是同樣簡單，使用動作感應器和您的音響系統(tǒng)，播放音樂

8、，每次你輸入一個家庭 健身房在家里房間-這是樂觀的，也許，也許你的學習古典音樂-的可能性是無窮盡?；?者你可以坐在客廳里，選擇音樂，你要聽通過屏幕上的那些在電視上顯示的菜單。你甚至可以監(jiān)視你的兒童電視節(jié)冃和視頻游戲的習慣，當你不在家通過編程網(wǎng)絡提醒 您的手機如果您的孩子看太多電視或不適當?shù)墓?jié)冃?；蛘吣憧梢院唵蔚碾娨暪?jié)冃或游戲控 制臺關(guān)閉后的一段時間中扣除。安全性：使用智能家庭自動化技術(shù)，你可以計劃你的燈光，以模擬正常的家庭活動時，你不在。例如，一些在你的定期就寢時間，臥室的燈和電視將打開，而其余的房子就變黑。 這燈光可以設(shè)置常規(guī)改變在周末。為了防止破門而入，你可以在家門口的位置，并安裝網(wǎng)絡攝像

9、機的報警系統(tǒng)，采用熱 和運動傳感器來提醒您，在案件的入侵者遠程安全公司。對發(fā)生火災時，你的煙霧探測器，可有線不健全，但也只是一個報警信號發(fā)送到您的 空氣調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)風扇關(guān)閉，提醒您和指定聯(lián)系人和照亮整個房子的疏散路線。能源：能源節(jié)約是可以實現(xiàn)的自動化系統(tǒng)，如花園和噴泉噴頭恒溫器，燈光和其他環(huán) 境。系統(tǒng)集成到一個環(huán)境，所有這些可以幫助確保您的家庭的最低能源的浪費。例如，在 一個炎熱，晴天，天氣傳感器可以激活盲目，布料控制，以陰你的家，并確保你的花園在 一天中收到正確的時間足夠的灌溉。運動傳感器可以激活和占用熱和照明控制，進入和退 出房間。新的智能紅外傳感器代表了兩個迅速發(fā)展的結(jié)合了紅外測溫和通常與計

10、算機聯(lián)系在一 起的高速數(shù)字技術(shù)的科學聯(lián)盟。這些文書被稱為智能傳感器，因為他們把微處理器作為編 程的雙向收發(fā)器。傳感器z間的串行通信的生產(chǎn)車間和計算機控制室。而且因為電路體積 小，傳感器因此更小，簡化了在緊張或?qū)擂蔚貐^(qū)的安裝。智能傳感器集成到新的或現(xiàn)有的 過程控制系統(tǒng)，從一個新的先進水平，在溫度監(jiān)測和控制方而為過程控制方而的工程師提 供了一個直接的好處。當你在早上上班，你的房子可以“檢查”和關(guān)閉，如收音機，電視機，爐灶和鐵桿不 必要的能源消耗（一個很好的安全功能）。在您回家的路上，你可以用你的手機或電腦來 改變你的家，在燈打開溫度，輻射熱談談你的浴室地板和浴缸僅僅填補了一個不錯的長期 浸泡正確的

11、水平。設(shè)備：從烤而包機到電冰箱到畫框，家電電腦聯(lián)網(wǎng)的可能性是有限的預算只有你的想 像力。您的冰箱可以保持食物的保質(zhì)期，作為家庭信息中心通過行為跟蹤一個內(nèi)置的屏幕 上。咖啡壺等小家電，如烤而包爐可激活遠程或作為事件序列的一部分。你甚至可以模仿 比爾蓋茨和安裝框架的電子藝術(shù)作品的變化對人誰進入房間，或購買的上網(wǎng)檢索幀照片從 你的朋友和家人提供一個不斷更新的家庭肖像畫廊根據(jù)圖像的偏好墻。這使您的家更加舒適，愉快和安全的關(guān)鍵，通過家庭自動化是要遵循三個基本步驟： 計劃：討論自動化需求，并希望與您的家庭成員，因此您可以提前規(guī)劃。要考慮到在 交通和家具條款提出你的家的布局。咨詢：跟盡可能多的人的想法和了解

12、與家庭自動化方而的經(jīng)驗；什么工作，什么也沒 有，他們想什么，他們做了不同？決定：你肯定希望能夠做什么？什么是可選的？請問您安裝網(wǎng)絡自己或留待專業(yè)人士 呢？什么樣的網(wǎng)絡技術(shù)和什么樣的類型最適合你的需要？家庭自動化，安全系統(tǒng)，由 智能家電，正成為一個可訪問的現(xiàn)實。一些仔細的規(guī)劃和一點點的幫助，你也可以享受到“智能”家庭的好處。智能家居，建筑管理系統(tǒng)（房屋管理中心）包含了一個巨大的各種技術(shù)，各地商業(yè)， 工業(yè)，體制和住宅樓宇，包括能源管理系統(tǒng)和建設(shè)控制的功能，建設(shè)管理系統(tǒng)的核心是' 智能建筑'的概念，其冃的是為了控制、監(jiān)測和優(yōu)化建設(shè)服務，例如，照明；加熱;安全，閉 路電視及警報系統(tǒng);存

13、取控制;視聽和娛樂系統(tǒng);通風，過濾和氣候控制等;甚至產(chǎn)品的考勤 控制和報告（尤其是工作人員的運動和供貨）潛在的這些概念和周邊技術(shù)是巨大的，和我 們的生活正在發(fā)生變化的影響，從智能建筑的設(shè)計與發(fā)展對我們的生活和工作環(huán)境的影響, 對設(shè)施的規(guī)劃和設(shè)施管理，也是潛在的巨大的。智能家居示例在上午07時30分，你要清醒的聲音，你最喜愛的cd中發(fā)出的背景；燈在您的臥室開 關(guān)，讓您醒來在自己的時間。該樓下闖入者警報系統(tǒng)是激活的。在廚房的咖啡機輪流上作 岀飲料。地面的窗簾和百葉窗打開;毛巾加熱器在浴室寬慰毛巾，你甚至還沒有起床。原文：smart home technologylink your home'

14、;s lighting, entertainment and security systems with new automated home technologysmart home is expected to offer various intelligent services by recognizing residents along with their life style and feelings one of the key issues for realizing the smart home is how to detect the locations of reside

15、nts.currently, the research effort is focused on two approaches: terminal-based and non-terminal-based methods. the terminal -based method employs a type of device that should be carried by the resident while the non-terminal-based method requires no such device.there is a growing interest in smart

16、home as a way to offer a convenient, comfortable, and safe residential environment . in general, the smart home aims to offer appropriate intelligent services to actively assist in the resident's life such as housework, amusement, rest, and sleep hence, in order to enhance the resident convenien

17、ce and safety, devices such as home appliances, multimedia appliances, and internet appliances should be connected via a home network system, as shown in fig. 1, and they should be controlled or monitored remotely using a television (tv) or personal digital assistant (pda)especially, attention has b

18、een focused on location-based services as a way to offer high-quality intelligent services, while con sidering huma n factors such as patter n of livi ng，health, and feelings of a resident that is, if the smart home can recognize the resident's pattern of living or health, then home appliances s

19、hould be able to anticipate the resident's needs and offer appropriate intelligent service more actively. for example, in a passive service environment, the resident controls the operation of the hvac (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) system, while the smart home would control the tem

20、perature and humidity of a room according to the resident's conditi on. various in door location-aware systems have been developed to recognize the resident's location in the smart home or smart office. in general, indoor location-aware systems have been classified into three types according

21、 to the measurement technology: triangulation, scene analysis, and proximity methods 8. the triangulation method uses multiple distances from multiple known points. examples include active badges , active bats、and easy living , which use infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and vision sensors, resp

22、ectively. the scene analysis method examines a view from a particular vantage point. representative examples of the scene analysis method are motionstar , which uses a dc magnetic tracker, and radar , which uses ieee 80211 wireless local area network (lan). finally, the proximity method measures nea

23、rness to a known set of points. an example of the proximity method is smart floor , which uses pressure sensors.alternatively, indoor location-aware systems can be classified according to the need for a terminal that should be carried by the resident. terminal-based methods, such as active bats, do

24、not recognize the resident's location directly, but perceive the location of a device carried by the resident, such as an infrared transceiver or radio frequency identification (rfid) tag. therefore, it is impossible to recognize the resident's location if he or she is not carrying the devic

25、e. in contrast, non-terminal methods such as easy living and smart floor can find the resident location without such devices however, easy living can be regarded to invade the resident privacy while the smart floor has difficulty with extendibility and maintenancehome automation has come a long way

26、from the manual timer hooked up to the living room light. today's "smart” home automatically regulates heat, air and light, distributes audio and video around the house, controls access to your home and can even remind you to exercise!new technologies and product advances have made home tec

27、hnology systems more affordable than ever and have brought home systems integration into the mainstream. according to a study done in 2004 by the national association of home builders research center and the consumer electronics association, nearly half of all new homes being built in the u.s. are n

28、ow using structured copper nsmarth wiring to enable the installation of new home technology systems.how it worksthere are four main types of networks you can install in your home to support the available new technology. each has its advantages and disadvantages depending on whether you are wiring a

29、new home or upgrading an existing home structured wiring involves running specialized high performance cabling throughout your home. it provides a highly reliable and secure network that distributes data signals for phones, computers, tvs and audio components. it's ideal for new construction but

30、 not always easy to install in an existing home. also, networking is limited to the reach of cables jacks and plugs. wireless networks provide the advantages of flexibility and mobility and virtually eliminate the wiring dilemmas often faced by existing homeowners however, wireless networks tend to

31、be less reliable and subject to interference from other devices such as baby monitors and cordless phones power-line networks use a home's existing electrical lines to transmit data. they are relatively easy to set up and operate but carry the risk of power surges, and an unenciypted household n

32、etwork may be accessible to neighbors sharing the same transformer. phone-line networks use a home's telephone lines to carry multiple services. typically, each service is assigned a unique frequency spectrum so they don't interfere with one anothe匚 smart home technology may also enable you

33、to dial in via a phone line to control specific home operating systems and/or be pre-set to dial out to a monitoring service in the case of a fire or break-in.while the possibilities for home automation are only limited by your imagination, the choices facing the average homeowner may seem daunting

34、the good news is that you do not need to become a technological expert in order to enhance your home's capabilities a home technology integrator can design, implement, and tie together your home's various electronic systems. these include:entertainment: you may have been impressed by a frien

35、d's home theatre setup one night, when they popped a movie in their dvd player and gave you the large screen, surround sound experience. but why not take this experience further? using fairly simple automation technology, you could push a "movie" button on a touch pad in your family ro

36、om the lights would dim, the blinds would close, the popcorn maker would spring into action, the fridge would check for adequate ice levels for your soda, and your calls would be automatically forwarded straight to your answering service. with a little creativity and planning, all these events can b

37、e achieved using a home network.it would be equally simple, using motion sensors and your stereo system, to play music every time you enter a room in your home something upbeat, perhaps, for the home gym, maybe classical music for your study the possibilities are endless. or you could sit in your li

38、ving room and select the music you want to listen to via on-screen menus that are displayed on your tv.you could even monitor your children's television and video-game habits, when youye not at home by programming the network to alert your cell phone if your children watch too much television or

39、 inappropriate programming. or you can simply program the tv or gaming console to shut off after a certain amount of time.security: using smart home automation technology, you can program your lights to simulate nonnal in-home activity when youre away. for example, some time around your regular bedt

40、ime, your bedroom lights and tv will turn on while the rest of the house will be darkened and this lighting routine can be set up to change on the weekend to protect against break-ins, you can position web cams at home entrances and install an alarm system that uses heat and motion sensors to alert

41、you and a remote security company in the case of an intruder.in the case of fire, your smoke detector can be wired to sound not just an alarm but also to send a signal toyour air-conditioning system fans to shut down, alert you and specified contacts and illuminate an evacuation route throughout the

42、 house.energy: energy savings can be realized by automating thermostats, lights and other environmental systems such as garden sprinklers and fountains. integrating all of these into one environmental system can help ensure a minimum waste of energy in your home for example, on a hot, sunny day, wea

43、ther sensors can activate blind and drapery controls to shade your home, and ensure that your garden receives adequate irrigation at the right time of day. motion and occupancy sensors can activate heat and lighting controls as you enter and exit roomstoday's new smart 1r sensors represent a uni

44、on of two rapidly evolving sciences that combine ir temperature measurement with high-speed digital technologies usually associated with the computer. these instruments are called smart sensors because they incorporate microprocessors programmed to act as transceivers for bidirectional, serial commu

45、nications between sensors on the manufacturing floor and computers in the control room (see photo 1). and because the circuitry is smaller, the sensors are smaller, simplifying installation in tight or awkward areas integrating smart sensors into new or existing process control systems offers an imm

46、ediate advantage to process control engineers in terms of providing a new level of sophistication in temperature monitoring and control.when you leave for work in the morning, your house could "check" for and turn off unnecessary energy consumers such as radios, tvs, stoves and irons (a ni

47、ce safety feature). on your way home, you could use your cell phone or computer to change the temperature in your home, turn on lights, turn on the radiant heat in your bathroom floor and fill the bathtub to just the right level for a nice long soak.appliances: from toasters to fridges to picture fr

48、ames, the possibilities for networking computerized household appliances are limited only by your imagination and budget. your refrigerator can keep track of food expiration dates and act as a family message center via a built-in screen. coffee makers and other small appliances (such as toasters) ca

49、n be activated remotely or as part of a sequence of events you can even imitate bill gates and install framed electronic artwork that changes depending on the preference of the person who enters a room, or purchase internet-cormected picture frames that retrieve images from a gallery supplied by you

50、r friends and family for a constantly updated family portrait wall.the key to making your home more comfortable, enjoyable and safe through home automation is to follow three essential steps: plan: discuss automation needs and wants with your family members so you can plan ahead. take into considera

51、tion your home's layout in terms of traffic and furniture. consult: talk to as many people as possible to get ideas and learn about their experiences with home automation; what worked, what didn't, what do they wish they had done differently? decide: what do you definitely want to be able to do? what is optional? will yo