三大從句和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞學(xué)習(xí)-課件PPT

1、 三大基本從句（定語(yǔ)從句） 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分句 -ing/-ed分詞 倒裝句 名詞性從句 形容詞性從句（定語(yǔ)從句） 狀語(yǔ)從句 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分句 主語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句 同位語(yǔ)從句 通常由that, who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever 等連接分句在句中做主語(yǔ)What caused the fire is still a mystery.2. Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. How the book will sell depends o

2、n its author. Why he left abruptly is not known to any of us.分句在句中做賓語(yǔ)We never doubt that he is honest.1. Can you tell me who is responsible for the fire? She suggested that he do it at once. Nobody can tell when he will arrive.分句在句中做表語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)），一般位于be（系）動(dòng)詞或具有系動(dòng)詞功能的詞后面具有系功能的詞：feel， look，sound， taste， sm

3、ell， appear， seem等 My opinion is that we should stick to our original plan. The problem is not who will go but who will stay. 大多由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)，常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等名詞后面。同位語(yǔ)從句一般用來(lái)解釋或說(shuō)明這些名詞的具體含義或內(nèi)容，在邏輯上表現(xiàn)為同位關(guān)系。 We have to face the fact that the nearest filling station is 30 minutes

4、 away. My original question, why he did it at all, has not been answered. 主要做名詞修飾語(yǔ)，通常由關(guān)系代詞who，which，that和關(guān)系副詞when，why，where等引導(dǎo)。The man who did the robbery has been caught.His speech, which bored everyone, went on and on.Can you show me the house where Shakespeare once lived?The reason (why) I was al

5、one in the mountain is that I had a difficulty with my guide.He is not the boy (that) I gave the ticket to.1.He has change. He is not the man (that) he was. 先行項(xiàng)都可是前面整個(gè)句子或一部分,逗號(hào)隔開(kāi) Which引導(dǎo)的分句不倒裝，as引導(dǎo)的分句需倒裝 指代前面整個(gè)句子 He tried to stand on his hands for six minutes, which is rather a difficult thing to do

6、. 指代前面部分句子 I have known Judy far more able than Lucy, but not half so popular, which is quite a different thing. 可代指人和物，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu) 用在such，the same，as，so后，可不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)He will repeat such points as are discussed in the book. 可指代前面整個(gè)句子，也可指前面句子部分內(nèi)容1.He travelled a great deal, as did most of his friend (most of hi

7、s friend travelled).2.He is usually tall, as are his brother (usually tall). 關(guān)系代詞多用which，也可用whose，whom等。 根據(jù)語(yǔ)法和意義選擇介詞1.The material of which the machine is made is a good nonconductor of heat (is made of).2.They tried to think of the plan by which the could fulfill their task ahead of time (fulfill t

8、heir task by the plan).3. He is telling a story of Lei Feng , of whom all of us is proud (all of us is proud of sb). 按語(yǔ)義可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式、結(jié)果、目的、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 1.Where there is a will, there is a way.2.Until we know the fact, we cant do anything about it.3.You must do the exercise as I show you.4.In case it

9、 rains, we wont be able to go there on foot. 不定式分句 -ing 分詞分句 -ed 分詞分句 可在句中做主語(yǔ)和主補(bǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，修飾語(yǔ)等。主語(yǔ)：To accept the job would mean moving to Florida.主補(bǔ): His intention was to win the game. 賓語(yǔ): He promised to stop taking drugs. 賓補(bǔ): His great wish is to see his team win the World Cup. 表目的She stood up to be

10、 seen better. 表原因I am glade to know you have a good job. 表結(jié)果He got to the station only to find that his father was dead.(一）帶從屬連詞：其主語(yǔ)=主句的主語(yǔ)，主動(dòng)關(guān)系1,When sleeping, I never hear a thing.2,Though understanding no Chinese, he was able to communicate with them. （二）帶主語(yǔ)：其主語(yǔ)主句主語(yǔ)，也就是通常所說(shuō)的“獨(dú)立主格”結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格中having be

11、en, being的可省略。1.The question (having been) settled, the meeting adjourned.2.The children were watching the acrobatic show, their eyes (being) wide open.-ing獨(dú)立主格也可由with引出：With the tree growing tall, we get more shade.（三）不帶從屬連詞也不帶主語(yǔ), 依據(jù)上下文或情景判定1.I have a friend living in London.2. Beating a child will

12、 do more harm than good.（一）帶從屬連詞：其主語(yǔ)=主句的主語(yǔ)，被動(dòng)關(guān)系Once published, the book caused a remarkable stir.Even if invited, I wont go. （二）帶主語(yǔ)：其主語(yǔ)主句主語(yǔ)，也就是通常所說(shuō)的“獨(dú)立主格”結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格中having been, being的可省略。My work (being) done, I went to bed.The purse not yet (having been) found, we went to the police.-ed獨(dú)立主格也可由with引出：T

13、hey sat in the room with his curtains drawn.（三）不帶從屬連詞也不帶主語(yǔ)，依據(jù)上下文或情景判定1.The castle, burnt down in 1485, was never rebuilt .2. Covered with confusion, she hurriedly left the room.一般來(lái)說(shuō)， -ed 分詞做前置修飾語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)和完成的意義。-ing分詞前置有主動(dòng)和未完成的意義。A uninvited guest badly-built houseBoiled water boiling wateran excited audi

14、ence exciting news 主補(bǔ)：The door remains locked. 賓補(bǔ)：I found the door locked. 主補(bǔ): The man looked disappointed. 賓補(bǔ)：I found him disappointed. 可以帶-ed 分詞做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞： 1，感官詞 see, hear, feel, taste，find等 2，使役詞make, get, have, keep等（1）He was trying to make himself understood.（2）I have my hair cut every three months

15、. 全部倒裝 部分倒裝整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)置于主語(yǔ)之前當(dāng)句首是方位詞，謂語(yǔ)是come，go等表位置移動(dòng)的詞時(shí)There was a sudden gust of wind .1. In the chapter will be found a partial answer. 僅是操作詞置于主語(yǔ)前操作詞：do/did/does, will/can/would/could, have/has/had, is/was/are/were當(dāng)句首是否定詞或否定意義的詞1.Never have I found (I have found) him in such a good mood.2.Hardly had he f

16、inished (he had finished) his work when the telephone rang.3.Rarely do I get (I get) invited into his office alone.當(dāng)句首由“only+副詞/介詞詞組/狀語(yǔ)分句”構(gòu)成1.Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.2.Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get (he got) a ticket in the end.3.Only through sheer luck did he manage to get a ticket. 當(dāng)句首是方式狀語(yǔ)