2015年高考江蘇卷英語試題解析（精編版）（解析版）

1、絕密啟用前 本試題卷共16頁，81題。全卷滿分150分。考試用時120分鐘?！驹嚲砜傇u】：試卷整體難度比去年有所下降，突出語篇，強調(diào)運用。單項填難度適中，覆蓋高中階段課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的教學(xué)重點和難點，包括定語從句、動詞應(yīng)用、詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、詞語搭配、時態(tài)使用、虛擬語氣、相似詞辨析、交際用語等；完形填空文章內(nèi)容理解較為容易，但部分選項容易混淆，需要認(rèn)真思考才能準(zhǔn)確作答。講述了一位癌癥患者受一本心靈感化書籍和積極向上的病友的啟發(fā)，變得積極樂觀的勵志故事，充滿了正能量；閱讀理解題量設(shè)置沿襲過去兩年，難度有所降低，強調(diào)語篇分析，體裁包括應(yīng)用文、科普說明文、議論文和歷史文化類文章，題型包括主旨大意2題，細節(jié)理解5題，

2、推理判斷6題（所占比例較大），詞義猜測1題和句意理解1題；任務(wù)型閱讀難度較14年有所下降，重點考查考察信息轉(zhuǎn)換題，涉及詞性和詞義轉(zhuǎn)換，學(xué)生“有據(jù)可循”，歸納概括題比例明顯下降；書面表達延續(xù)了2014年的“材料作文”，但有所創(chuàng)新，采用了“材料類+圖形+提綱類”形式，綜合考查考生閱讀材料，識圖和寫作能力，有一定難度。第一部分 聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分 20 分)做題時,先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。 錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共 5 小題;每小題 1 分,滿分 5 分) 聽下面 5 段對話。 每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的 A、B、C 三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標(biāo)

3、在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。 聽完每段對話后,你都有 10 秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。 每段對話僅讀一遍。例: How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是 C。1. What time is it now?A. 910. B. 950. C. 1000.2. What does the woman think of the weather?A. Its nice. B. Its warm. C. Its cold.3. What will the man do?A. Attend a meeting. B. Give a lec

4、ture. C. Leave his office.4. What is the womans opinion about the course?A. Too hard. B. Worth taking. C. Very easy.5. What does the woman want the man to do?A. Speak louder. B. Apologize to her. C. Turn off the radio.第二節(jié) (共 15 小題;每小題 1 分,滿分 15 分)聽下面5 段對話或獨白。 每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的 A、B、C 三個選項中選出最佳選項,并

5、標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。 聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題 5 秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出 5 秒鐘的作答時間。 每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第 6 段材料,回答第 6、7 題。6. How long did Michael stay in China?A. Five days. B. One week. C. Two weeks.7. Where did Michael go last year?A. Russia. B. Norway. C. India.聽第 7 段材料,回答第 8、9 題。8. What food does Sally like?A. Chicken. B.

6、Fish. C. Eggs.9. What are the speakers going to do?A. Cook dinner. B. Go shopping. C. Order dishes.聽第 8 段材料,回答第 10 至 12 題。10. Where are the speakers?A. In a hospital. B. In the office. C. At home.11. When is the report due?A. Thursday. B. Friday. C. Next Monday.12. What does George suggest Stephanie

7、 do with the report?A. Improve it. B. Hand it in later. C. Leave it with him.聽第 9 段材料,回答第 13 至 16 題。13. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Salesperson and customer. B. Homeowner and cleaner. C. Husband and wife.14. What kind of apartment do the speakers prefer?A. One with two

8、bedrooms. B. One without furniture. C. One near a market.15. How much rent should one pay for the one bedroom apartment?A. 350. B. 400. C. 415.16. Where is the apartment the speakers would like to see?A. On Lake Street. B. On Market Street. C. On South Street.聽第 10 段材料,回答第 17 至 20 題。17. What percent

9、age of the worlds tea exports go to Britain?A. Almost 15%. B. About 30%. C. Over 40%.18. Why do tea tasters taste tea with milk?A. Most British people drink tea that way.B. Tea tastes much better with milk. C. Tea with milk is healthy.19. Who suggests a price for each tea? A. Tea tasters. B. Tea exp

10、orters. C. Tea companies.20. What is the speaker talking about?A. The life of tea tasters. B. Afternoon tea in Britain. C. The London Tea Trade Centre.【答案】1-5 ACABC 6-10 BABCB 11-15 ABCAB 16-20 CBAAC第二部分: 英語知識運用 (共兩節(jié), 滿分 35 分)第一節(jié): 單項填空 (共 15 小題; 每小題 1 分, 滿分 15 分)請閱讀下面各題, 從題中所給的 A、 B、 C、 D 四個選項中, 選出最

11、佳選項, 并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。例: It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever答案是 B。21. The number of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.A. it B. which C. what D. as【答案】D【考點定位】定語從句【名師點睛】考生容易誤選B項which，把逗號前面的the n

12、umber of smokers看成先行詞，后面非限制性定語從句用which引導(dǎo)。殊不知，這里關(guān)系代詞指代的是“The number of smokers has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.”整個一句話。另外，as和which在定語從句都可以指代一句話，但前者有“正如”的意思，后者則沒有。還可以抓住as is reported這一常用結(jié)構(gòu)，類似的還有as is known/expected/planned/mentioned/said等。22. Schools should be lively places where indivi

13、duals are encouraged to _ to their greatest potential.A. accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop【答案】D【解析】試題分析：句意：學(xué)校應(yīng)該是鼓勵個體最大限度地發(fā)展?jié)撃艿牡胤?。A項“加速，加快”；B項“改善，提高”；C項“表現(xiàn)”；D項“發(fā)展”。故選D項?！究键c定位】動詞詞義辨析【名師點睛】本題語境貼近學(xué)生生活，考生必須利用這一特定語境理解動詞特定含義，如果脫離語境容易選擇另外三個選項。從詞性上看，四個選項中的動詞均可用作及物或不及物。這時可以根據(jù)固定搭配“develop to ones gre

14、atest potential(最大限度地發(fā)展?jié)撃?”鎖定正確選項。23. Jim, can you work this Sunday?_? Ive been working for two weeks on end.A. Why me B. Why not C. What if D. So what【答案】A【考點定位】交際用語【名師點睛】本題四個選項均是高考交際用語高頻考點，分屬不同的日常話題。B項用于“向別人提建議”；C項用于“提出假設(shè)”；D項帶有“ 帶有不服氣和挑釁的意思”?？忌谧鲱}時應(yīng)注意：1.形式相似的慣用語的異同；2.語境文化差異；3.積累固定的表達；4.區(qū)分道歉與道

15、謝的答語等。24. Much time _ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending【答案】C【解析】試題分析：句意：上班族們坐在辦工座前太久，一般會受到健康問題的困擾。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，分詞的邏輯主語和后面主句的主語不一致，應(yīng)用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。分詞主語和分詞動作之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且動作已完成，故用過去分詞。故選C項?！究键c定位】獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)【名師點睛】考生要抓住非謂語動詞考點

16、做題重要原則：非謂語動詞作狀語，其邏輯主語必須和句子主語保持一致，和句子主語構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時用-ing形式，構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系是用-ed形式。其邏輯主語和句子主語不一致時，要在非謂語動詞前加邏輯主語，構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。25. _ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it.A. That B. Why C. Where D. How【答案】C【考點定位】名詞性從句【名師點睛】此題由于“a great Chinese poet”的插入，句子結(jié)構(gòu)變得稍顯復(fù)雜，因此要求考生能夠排

17、除結(jié)構(gòu)干擾，看清考點還是考查名詞性從句連接詞的選擇，然后根據(jù)“從句部分缺什么補什么的原則選則連接詞”這一根本原則，同時結(jié)合句意，迅速鎖定正確答案。26. It is so cold that you cant go outside _ fully covered in thick clothes.A. if B. unless C. once D. when【答案】B【解析】試題分析：句意：外面太冷了，你不要出去，除非用厚衣服完全裹起來。A項“如果”；B項“除非”；C項“一旦”；D項“當(dāng)時候”。“unless fully covered”為“連詞+省略結(jié)構(gòu)”，補充完整為“unless you

18、are”。故選B項?！究键c定位】連詞辨析【名師點睛】“連詞+省略結(jié)構(gòu)”省略了從句的主語（與主句主語一致）和主語后的動詞be?？忌鷳?yīng)根據(jù)前后句意判斷出前后邏輯關(guān)系，然后選擇正確答案。同時，考生要注意歸納這類連詞：when, while“表示時間”；if, unless“表示條件”；once“表示時間或條件”；though/although, even if(though)表示“讓步”。27. The university started some new language programs to _ the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt.A. apply to

19、 B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for【答案】B【解析】試題分析：句意：這所大學(xué)啟動了一些新的語言項目，為國家絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶提供服務(wù)。A項“向申請，適用于”；B項“迎合，滿足的需要，為提供服務(wù)”；C項“對有吸引力，呼吁”；D項“獵取，尋找”。故選B項。【考點定位】動詞短語辨析【名師點睛】四個選項中的動詞各不相同，但有兩個介詞相同的搭配的用法。因此，考生應(yīng)注意掌握同一個介詞或副詞與不同動詞的搭配的用法?？忌菀渍`選C項appeal to，應(yīng)根據(jù)動詞短語的慣用搭配“sth. appeal to sb.”排除改選項。28. It might have saved

20、 me some trouble _ the schedule.A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known【答案】D【考點定位】虛擬語氣【名師點睛】虛擬語氣重要做題原則：根據(jù)題干中主句或從句中動詞形式判斷所考查的動詞的虛擬時間, 一般要保持一致，但要注意錯綜時間虛擬語氣要根據(jù)各自所表示的虛擬時間做出調(diào)整。另外，當(dāng) if 條件句中含有助動詞 had，should 或 were 時, 可以省略 if，而將 had, should 或 were提到句首，從而構(gòu)成倒裝虛擬條件句。2

21、9. The whole team _ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on【答案】C【解析】試題分析：句意：全隊都指望克里斯蒂亞諾·羅納爾多，他從未讓他們失望。A項“服侍，等待”；B項“集中（注意力）于”；C項“指望”；D項“呼吁，拜訪”。故選C項?！究键c定位】動詞短語辨析【名師點睛】四個選項中的動詞各不相同，但所搭配的介詞都是to。因此，考生應(yīng)注意掌握同一個介詞與不同動詞的搭配的用法。此題考生容易誤選B項focus on“集中”，可

22、以根據(jù)動詞慣用搭配sb. focus on sth.“某人注意力（精力）集中在某事上”排除改選項。30. The real reason why prices _ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.A. Were B. will be C. have been D. had been【答案】A【考點定位】時態(tài)【名師點睛】做時態(tài)題時，考生應(yīng)抓住時態(tài)標(biāo)志詞，即題干中明顯的時間狀語或已有動詞的時態(tài)，利用時態(tài)呼應(yīng)的原則迅速鎖定正確答案

23、。本題中已有動詞的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，still暗示前面用一般過去時與此呼應(yīng)。C項容易誤選，這里現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去到現(xiàn)在一直是這種狀態(tài)，包括了現(xiàn)在，與后面的一般現(xiàn)在時有重復(fù)部分，故排除。31. The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _ review of the case.A. comprehensive B. complicated C. Conscious D. crucial【答案】A【解析】試題分析：句意：警官決定對這起案件進行一次徹底全面的審查。A項“綜合的，全面的，有理解力的”；B項“復(fù)雜的”；C項“有意識的”；

24、D項“至關(guān)重要的”。故選A項。【考點定位】形容詞詞義辨析【名師點睛】本題側(cè)重考查在特定的語境中辨析形容詞詞義的能力。因此，考生必須充分利用這一特定語境。同時，考生應(yīng)注意多積累由形容詞組成的固定短語。例如：conduct a comprehensive review“進行一次綜合審查”，a comprehensive knowledge of “廣泛的知識”，“comprehensive evaluation“綜合評價”。32. Some schools will have to make _ in agreement with the national

25、soccer reform.A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements【答案】B【解析】試題分析：句意：為了與國家的足球改革相適應(yīng)，一些學(xué)校必須做出調(diào)整。A項“判斷，決斷”；B項“調(diào)整”；C項“評價，評論”；D項“成就”。故選B項?！究键c定位】名詞詞義辨析【名師點睛】本題側(cè)重考查在特定的語境中辨析名詞詞義的能力。四個選項都可以跟前面的動詞make搭配。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定語境理解詞義，還應(yīng)注意多積累可以跟同一動詞搭配的名詞。另外還可以利用固定搭配排除C項make本題側(cè)重考查在特定的語境中辨析名詞詞義的能力。commen

26、ts on“對做出評價/評論”，縮小正確答案的范圍。33. Why didnt you invite John to your birthday party?Well, you know hes _ .A. an early bird B. a wet blanket C. a lucky dog D. a tough nut【答案】B【考點定位】英語俗語【名師點睛】本題四個選項中前三項都是很常見的俗語。而且，B項a wet blanket“掃興的人或物”（正確答案）就來自于課本。因此，考生平時除了要注重積累，更要關(guān)注課本上出現(xiàn)過的俗語、習(xí)語和諺語。34. Many of the things

27、 we now benefit from would not be around _ Thomas Edison.A. thanks to B. regardless of C. aside from D. but for【答案】D【解析】試題分析：句意：要不是愛迪生的發(fā)明，今天我們身邊享用的很多東西都將不復(fù)存在。A項“多虧”，具有很強的迷惑性，如將題干改成“_ Thomas  Edison, now we can benefit from many of the things  around&

28、#160;us.”則選A項；B項“不管，不顧”；C項“除了”；D項“要不是”，常用于隱藏式（含蓄式）虛擬條件句。故選D項?！究键c定位】介詞短語辨析【名師點睛】本題側(cè)重考查在特定的語境中辨析介詞短語的能力。但很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)，A、C兩項都可以表示“因為”，但but for還可以用于虛擬語氣。因此，考生除了要充分利用特定語境理解詞義，還應(yīng)注意多辨析意思相近的介詞短語，重點關(guān)注他們用法上的區(qū)別。35. Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.Id like to, but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _ .A. requests B

29、. excuses C. apologies D. regrets【答案】C【考點定位】名詞詞義辨析【名師點睛】本題側(cè)重考查在情景交際中辨析名詞詞義的能力。語境較為簡單，考生只要抓住上文中的關(guān)鍵詞“say sorry to”就可以鎖定正確答案。因此，考生可以試著將詞匯放在日常的情景交際中進行操練，加強對詞匯的語境理解，可以達到事半功倍的效果。第二節(jié): 完形填空 (共 20 小題; 每小題 1 分, 滿分 20 分) 請閱讀下面短文, 從短文后各題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個選項中, 選出最佳選項, 并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。I was required to read one of Bernie

30、 Siegels books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on. The stories of his unconventional 36 and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 37 to me and had such a big 38 on how I saw life from then on. Who knew that so many years later I wo

31、uld look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again to 39 my own cancer experience?Im an ambitious 40, and when I started going through chemo(化療), even though Im a very 41 person, I lost my drive to write. I was just too tired and not in the 42. One day, while waiting to go in for

32、 43, I had one of Dr. Bernies books in my hand. Another patient 44 what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me45 he had one of his books with him as well. It 46 that among other things, he was an eighty-year-old writer. He was 47a published author, and

33、he was currently48 on a new book.We would see each other at various times and 49 friends. Sometimes he wore a duck hat, and I would tell myself, he was definitely a(n) 50 of Dr. Bernie. He really put a 51 on my face. He unfortunately 52 last year due to h

34、is cancer, 53 he left a deep impression on me and gave me the 54 to pick up my pen again. I 55 to myself, "If he can do it, then so can I."36. A. tastesB. ideasC. notesD. memories37. A. amazing B. shocking C. amusing D. strange38. A. strike B. push C. challeng

35、e D. impact39. A. learn from B. go over C. get through D. refer to40. A. reader B. writer C. editor D. doctor41. A. positive B. agreeable C. humorous D. honest42. A. mood B. position C. state D. way43. A. advice B. reference C. protection D. treatment44. A. viewed B. knew C. noticed D. wondered45. A

36、. while B. because C. although D. providing46. A. came out B. worked out C. proved out D. turned out47. A. naturally B. merely C. hopefully D. actually48. A. deciding B. investing C. working D. relying49. A. became B. helped C. missed D. visited50. A. patient B. operator C. fan D. publisher51. A. si

37、gn B. smile C. mark D. mask52. A. showed up B. set off C. fell down D. passed away53. A. since B. but C. so D. for54. A. guidance B. trust C. opportunity D. inspiration55. A. promised B. swore C. thought D. replied37.A考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文中“unconventional（非傳統(tǒng)的）”和“unexceptional（例外的）”提示可知，他書中所寫的東西對我來說十分驚異。A項“令人驚

38、異的”；B項“令人震驚的”；C項“有趣的”；D項“奇怪的”。故選A項。38.D考查名詞。have an impact on為固定搭配，意為“對有影響”。A項“打擊”；B項“推，逼迫”；C項“挑戰(zhàn)”；D項“影響”。故選D項。39.C考查動詞短語。根據(jù)下文可知，作者不幸身患癌癥，病痛的折磨使他放棄了寫作。但病友的執(zhí)著和Bernie Siegel積極的人生觀讓自己又重新拾起紙筆，渡過了這段艱難時期。A項“從中獲取經(jīng)驗，汲取教訓(xùn)”；B項“復(fù)習(xí)，仔細檢查”；C項“渡過難關(guān)”；D項“提到，涉及，參考”。故選C項。40.B考查名詞。根據(jù)下文中“, I lost my drive to write”可知，作者

39、是一名抱負(fù)的作家。A項“讀者”；B項“作家”；C項“編輯”；D項“醫(yī)生”。故選B項。43.D考查名詞。句意：一天，當(dāng)我在等待治療時，手里拿著Bernie的一本書。A項“建議”；B項“提及，參考”；C項“保護”；D項“治療”。故選D項。44.C考查動詞。句意：另外一個病人注意到我在讀些什么，主動跟我攀談起來。A項 “認(rèn)為”；B項“知道，了解”；C項 “（無意中）注意到”；D項 “想知道”。故選C項。45.B考查連詞。句意：該空后是他主動和我攀談的原因：他身上也有一本Bernie的書。A項表示時間或輕微轉(zhuǎn)折；B項表示原因；C項表示讓步；D項表示條件。故選B項。46.D考查動詞短語。除此之外，他是一

40、位八十歲的作家。A項 “出現(xiàn)，出版”；B項“鍛煉，解決，制定”；C項“證明是合適的，令人滿意的”；D項“證明是，結(jié)果是”。it turned out that是固定搭配，意為“結(jié)果是，結(jié)果證明”故選D項。47.D考查副詞。句意：事實上，他是一位撰稿人，目前在寫一本新書。A項 “自然地”；B項“僅僅”；C項“有希望地”；D項“事實上”。故選D項。48.C考查動詞搭配。根據(jù)句意可知，他目前在寫一本新書。A項 decide on“決定，確定”；B項invest on“投資，花時間在上”；C項work on“從事，忙于”；D項rely on“依賴，依靠”。故選C項。49.A考查動詞。句意：我們總是在許

41、多時候見到對方，成了朋友。A項 “成為”；B項“幫助”；C項“錯過”；D項“拜訪”。故選A項。50.C考查名詞。根據(jù)句意可知，他的確是Bernie的粉絲。A項 “病人”；B項“操作員，接線員”；C項“粉絲”；D項“出版商”。故選C項。51.B考查名詞。根據(jù)句意可知，他的舉動感染了我，使我在生活中面帶微笑。A項 “標(biāo)志，跡象，征兆”；B項“微笑”；C項“標(biāo)記”；D項“面罩”。故選B項。52.D考查動詞短語。句意：他補充說道Jason因為不愿說謊沒掙到錢。A項 “出現(xiàn)，露面”；B項“出發(fā)，動身”；C項“跌倒”；D項“去世（死的委婉表達）”。故選D項?！究键c定位】記敘文閱讀【名師點睛】今年江蘇高考英

42、語完型填空難度有所降低，且篇幅也有減少，主要考查學(xué)生對語篇的全面理解。要求學(xué)生能做到“身臨其境，感同身受”準(zhǔn)確把握作者寫作意圖，同時“瞻前顧后，左顧右盼”，充分考慮前后文的邏輯關(guān)系，仔細推敲，最后還原整體和細節(jié)?？疾榈闹R點包括：動詞及動詞短語辨析7道，名詞辨析8道，形容詞副詞3道，連詞2道。可見，名詞和動詞兩大類是絕對主角，而弱化了形容詞副詞的考查。第三部分: 閱讀理解 (共 15 小題; 每小題 2 分, 滿分 30 分)請閱讀下列短文, 從短文后各題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個選項中, 選出最佳選項, 并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。A56. According to the Code, vis

43、itors should act _ .A. with care and respect B. with relief and pleasureC. with caution and calmness D. with attention and observation57. What are you encouraged to do when travelling in New Zealand?A. Take your own camping facilities.B. Bury glass far away from rivers.C. Follow the track for the sa

44、ke of plants.D. Observe signs to approach nesting birds.57.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“Keep to the track”下內(nèi)容可知，可知在新西蘭旅游時，為了減少破壞植物的可能，鼓勵游客順著路走。露營設(shè)施是提供好的，排除A項；B偷換主體，埋藏的是toilet waste，而非glass；D項偷換概念，observe no smoking signs，而非observe signs to approach nesting birds。故選C項?！究键c定位】應(yīng)用文閱讀【名師點睛】 應(yīng)用文不同于其他文體的文章，其目的是為了向讀者傳輸

45、信息，措辭簡潔明了，直截了當(dāng)，為了突顯其實用性，用語一般言簡意賅，較少出現(xiàn)復(fù)雜的長句或生僻的詞匯。高考應(yīng)用文閱讀理解設(shè)題以細節(jié)理解題為主，附帶考查主旨大意題和推理判斷題。因此，閱讀這類文章時，考生應(yīng)該在整體把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，根據(jù)所提問題用尋讀、跳讀的方法尋找主要細節(jié)信息，可達到事半功倍的效果。BIn the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste lik

46、e computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious m

47、etals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration(含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals remov

48、ed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the fi

49、nished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging (包裝) it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is da

50、ngerous in that "the production, distribution, and use of products as well as management of the resulting waste all result in greenhouse gas release. "Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.In many

51、countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(動機) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments incentive to

52、 require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(氣泡墊) that encased your television?From the governments point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring exte

53、nded producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.58.By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that _.A. the weight of e-goods is rather smallB. e-waste deser

54、ves to be made good use ofC. natural minerals contain more precious metalsD. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste59.The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended _.A. from producers to governmentsB. from governments to producersC. from individuals to distributorsD. from distributors to governments60.What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The increase in e-waste. B. The crea