計算機常用術(shù)語

1、計算機常用術(shù)語第一部分、計算機算法常用術(shù)語中英對照data structures基本數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)dicti on aries字典priority queuesgraph data structuresset data structures集合kd-trees 線段樹numerical problems數(shù)值問題solv ing lin ear equati onsban dwidth reducti on線性方程組帶寬壓縮matrix multiplication矩陣乘法determ inants and perma nentscon stra ined and uncon stra ined op

2、timizati on行列式最值問題lin ear programmirngan dom number gen erati on factori ng and primality testi ng arbitrary precision arithmetic線性規(guī)劃隨機數(shù)生成因子分解 /質(zhì)數(shù)判定高精度計算kn apsack problem題背包問離散 fourier 變換discrete fourier tran sform comb in atorial problems sort ing 排序組合問題media n and selecti on中位數(shù)searchi ng查找gen erat

3、 ing permutatio nsgen erat ing subsetsgen erati ng partitionsgen erati nggraphs排列生成子集生成劃分生成圖的生成calendrical calculations日期job scheduli ng工程安排satisfiability可滿足性graph problems - polyno mialconn ected components topological sorting連通分支拓撲排序圖論-多項式算法mi ni mum spanning tree最小生成樹shortest path最短路徑tran sitive

4、closure and reducti onmatchi ng匹配euleria n cycle / chin ese postma n euleredge and vertex connectivitynetwork flow網(wǎng)絡流傳遞閉包割邊/割點回路/中國郵路drawi ng graphs nicely draw ing trees樹的描繪圖的描繪pla narity detectio n and embedd inggraph problems - hard圖論 -np 問題平面性檢測和嵌入in depe ndent set獨立集vertex cover點覆蓋traveli ng sa

5、lesma n problem旅行商問題hamilt onian cycle hamilt on回路graph partiti on圖的劃分vertex colori ng點染色edge color ing邊染色graph isomorphism同構(gòu)clique 最大團ste iner tree ste inerfeedback edge/vertex set最大無環(huán)子圖computati onal geometry計算幾何con vex hull凸包trian gulati on三角剖分vor onoi diagrams vor onoinearest neighbor search最近點對

6、查詢range search范圍查詢point locati on位置查詢bin pack ing裝箱問題in tersecti on detecti on medial-axis tra nsformatio n碰撞測試中軸變換polygo n partiti oning多邊形分割simplifyi ng polyg ons多邊形化簡shape similarity相似多邊形moti on planning運動規(guī)劃mai ntai ning line arra ngeme nts min kowski sum mi nkowski平面分割set and stri ng problemsset

7、 cover集合覆蓋set pack ing集合配置stri ng match ing模式匹配approximate string match ing集合與串的問題模糊匹配text compressi壓縮oncryptography密碼finite state machine minimization lon gest common substri ng有窮自動機簡化最長公共子串shortest common superstri ng dp - dyn amic programmi ngrecursi on -遞歸 第二部分、編程詞匯a2a in tegration a2a整 合 abstra

8、ct 抽象的最短公共父串動態(tài)規(guī)劃abstract base class (abc)抽象基類abstract class抽象類abstractio n抽象、抽象物、抽象性access 存取、訪問access level訪 問 級 另 v access fun cti on訪問函數(shù)accou nt賬戶acti on動作activate激活active 活動的actual parameter實參adapter適配器add-i n 插件address地址address space地址空間address-of operator取地址操作符adl (argume nt-depe ndent lookup)

9、ado(activex data object)activex數(shù)據(jù)對象advaneedaggregati on聚合、聚集algorithm 算法alias另【j 名align 排列、對齊allocate 分配、配置allocator 分配器、配置器an gle bracket尖括號anno tati on注解、評注api (applicatio n programmi ng in terface)app doma in (applicati on doma in)應用域applicatio n應用、應用程序applicati on framework應用程序框架appeara nee夕卜觀ap

10、pe nd附 加 architecture 架構(gòu)、體系結(jié)構(gòu)應用（ 程序）編程接口archive file歸檔文件、存檔文件argument弓 i 數(shù)（傳給函式的值 ）。參見 parameterarray 數(shù)組arrow operator箭頭操作符asp(active server page)活動服務器頁面asp.net worker process asp.net工作者進程assembly裝配件、assembly lan guage assembly mani fest配件匯編語言裝配件清單assert(i on) assig n賦值assig nment斷言賦值、分配assig nment

11、operator賦值操作符associated相關(guān)的、 相關(guān)聯(lián)的associative container關(guān)聯(lián)式容器(對應 sequential container) asyn chro nous異步的atomic 原子的atomic operati on原子操作attribute 特性、屬性authe nticati on service驗證服務authorizati on授權(quán)audio 音頻a.i. 人工智能b2b integration b2b整合、b2b 集成(bus in ess-to-bus in ess in tegrati on)backgrou nd背景、后臺 （ 進程）ba

12、ckward compatiblebackup 備份backup device備份設備backup file備份文件向后兼容、向下兼容ban dwidth帶寬base classbase type基類型batch 批處理bcl (base class library)binary 二進制基類庫binary search binary tree binary fun cti on二分查找二叉樹雙參函數(shù)binary large object二進制大對象binary operator二元操作符bin di ng綁定bit 位bitmap位圖bitwise按位.bitwise copy為單元進行復制；

13、位元逐一復制， 按位拷bitwise operation按位運算 -block 塊、區(qū)塊、語句塊bookkeep ing簿記boolean布林值（ 真假值， true 或 false ） border 邊框bou nds check ing邊界檢查box ing裝箱、裝箱轉(zhuǎn)換brace （ curly brace ）大括號、花括號bracket （square brakcet ）中括號、方括號breakpo int斷點browser applications瀏覽器應用 （程序）browser-accessible applicati on可經(jīng)由瀏覽器訪問的應用程序build 編連（專指編譯和連

14、接built-in內(nèi)建、內(nèi)置bus 總線bus in ess業(yè)務、商務 （看場合）bus in ess logic業(yè)務邏輯bus in ess rules業(yè)務規(guī)則butt ons按鈕bug 臭蟲by/through通過byte 位元組（ 由 8 bits 組成）cache 高速緩存cale ndar 日歷call 調(diào)用callback 回調(diào)call-level in terface (cli)調(diào)用級接口 ( cli) call operator調(diào)用操作符can didate key候選鍵 (for database)cascadi ng delete級聯(lián)刪除 （ for database ）c

15、ast ingcatalog chain轉(zhuǎn)型、造型轉(zhuǎn)換目錄鏈(fun cti on calls)cascadi ng update級聯(lián)更新 (for database)character 字符character format字符格式character set字符集check con strai nts checkcheckpo int檢查點 (for database) check box復選框check butt on復選按鈕child class子類約束(for database)cil (com mon in termediate ian guage)通用中間語言、通用中介語言class

16、 類class declarati on類聲明class defi niti on類定義class derivatio n list類繼承列表class factory類廠class hierarchy類層次結(jié)構(gòu)class library類庫class loader類裝載器class template類模板class template partial specializati ons類模板部分特化class template specializati ons類模板特化classificati on分類clause 子句clie nt applicati on客戶端應用程序clie nt cur

17、sor客戶端游標(for database) code page代碼頁clea nup 清理、清除cli (common lan guage in frastructure)通用語言基礎設施clie nt 客戶、客戶端clie nt area 客戶區(qū)client-server客戶機/服務器、客戶端 /服務器clipboard 剪貼板clone 克隆cls (com mon lan guage specificati on)通用語言規(guī)范code access security代碼訪問安全coff (com mon object file format)通用對象文件格式collecti on 集合

18、com (comp onent object model)combo box 組 合框comma nd line命令行組件對象模型comme nt注釋commit 提交( for database)commu ni cati on通訊compatible兼容compile time編譯期、編譯時compiler編譯器comp onent組件composite in dex復合索引、組合索引( for database) composite key復合鍵、組合鍵(for database)compositi on con cept概念con crete 具體的復合、組合con crete cla

19、ss具 體 類 con curre ncy并發(fā)、并發(fā)機制con stra int約束 (for database) con figurati on配置、組態(tài)conn ecti on連接(for database)conn ecti on pooling連接池con sole控制臺con sta nt常量con struct構(gòu)件、 成分、概念、構(gòu)造 (for ian guage) con structor (ctor)構(gòu)造函數(shù)、構(gòu)造器container 容器containment包容con text環(huán)境、上下文con trol控件cookie (不譯)copy 拷貝corba 通用對象請求中介架

20、構(gòu)(common object request broker architecture)cover 覆蓋、涵蓋create/creati on創(chuàng)建、生成crosstab query交叉表查詢(for database) crtp (curiously recurri ng template pattern)cts (com mon type system)通用類型系統(tǒng)cube cursor cursorcustom多維數(shù)據(jù)集(for database)光標游標(for database)定制、自定義data 數(shù)據(jù)data conn ecti on數(shù)據(jù)連接(for database)data c

21、ontrol language (dcl)數(shù)據(jù)控制語言 ( dcl) (for database)data definition language (ddl)數(shù)據(jù)定義語言 ( ddl) (for database)data dicti onary數(shù)據(jù)字典 (for database)data dictionary view數(shù)據(jù)字典視圖( for database) data file數(shù)據(jù)文件(for database)data in tegrity數(shù)據(jù)完整性(for database)data man ipulati on ian guage (dml)數(shù)據(jù)操作語言 ( dml) (for d

22、atabase) data mart數(shù)據(jù)集市 (for database)data pump data scrubb ing data source數(shù)據(jù)抽取 (for database)數(shù)據(jù)清理 (for database)數(shù)據(jù)源 (for database)data source name (dsn)數(shù)據(jù)源名稱 ( dsn) (for database)data warehousedataset 數(shù) 據(jù) 集 (for database) database 數(shù)據(jù)庫(for database)數(shù)據(jù)倉庫 (for database)database catalog數(shù)據(jù)庫目錄(for databas

23、e) database diagram數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)系圖(for database)database file database object database owner database project數(shù)據(jù)庫文件(for database)數(shù)據(jù)庫對象(for database)數(shù)據(jù)庫所有者(for database)數(shù)據(jù)庫工程(for database)database role數(shù)據(jù)庫角色(for database) database schema數(shù)據(jù)庫模式、數(shù)據(jù)庫架構(gòu)(for database)database scrdata-bou ndpt 數(shù)據(jù)庫腳本(for database)數(shù)據(jù)綁定 (

24、for database)data-aware con trol data member數(shù)據(jù)感知控件(for database)數(shù)據(jù)成員、成員變量dataset 數(shù)據(jù)集(for database) data source數(shù)據(jù)源 (for database) data structure數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)data tabledatagram數(shù)據(jù)表 (for database)數(shù)據(jù)報文dbms (database man ageme nt system)數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)(for database)dcom (distributed com) dead分布式 comlock 死鎖(for database) d

25、eallocate歸還debug 調(diào)試debugger 調(diào)試器decay 退化decisi on supportdeclarati on 聲 明決策支持declarative refere ntial in tegrity (dri) deducti on推導default con strai nt默認約束 (for database)聲明引用完整性（dri ） （ for database ）default database default in sta nee默認數(shù)據(jù)庫( for database)默認實例 (for database)default result set默認結(jié)果集(for

26、 database)default 缺省、默認值defer 推遲defi niti on delegatedelegati on委托depe ndent n委托ame deploy部署destroy 銷毀derefere nee解引用derefere nee operator (提領）運算子derived class派生類desig n by eon tract契約式設計desig n patter n設計模式destruetor(dtor)析構(gòu)函數(shù)、析構(gòu)器device 設備dhtml (dy namic hypertext markup lan guage) dialog對話框digest摘

27、要digital數(shù)字的動態(tài)超文本標記語言dime (direct in ter net message en capsulati on)直接 in ternet 消息封裝directive (編譯） 指示符directory目錄dirty pages dirty read臟頁(for database)臟讀(for database)disassembler反匯編器disco (discovery of web services)web services disk 盤dispatch調(diào)度、分派、派發(fā)（我喜歡調(diào)度”）dispid (dispatch iden tifier)分派標識符的查找dis

28、tributed computi ng distributed query分布式計算分布式查詢（ fordna (distributed in ternet applicatio n)分布式網(wǎng)間應用程序docume nt文檔dot operator (圓) 點操作符driver 驅(qū)動( 程序)dtd (docume nt type defi niti on) double-byte character set (dbcs)dump 轉(zhuǎn)儲dump file 轉(zhuǎn)儲文件dyn amic cursor動態(tài)游標(for database) dyn amic filter動態(tài)篩選(for database

29、)文檔類型定義雙字節(jié)字符集 (dbcs)dyn amic lock ing dyn amic recoverydyn amic snapshot動態(tài)鎖定 (for database)動態(tài)恢復 (for database)動態(tài)快照 (for database)dyn amic sql stateme nts動態(tài) sql 語句(for database)dyn amic assemblydyn amic binding動態(tài)裝配件、動態(tài)配件動態(tài)綁定eai (enterprise application integration)企業(yè)應用程序集成(整合)ebco (empty base class op

30、timizati on)空基類優(yōu)化 ( 機制) e-bus in ess電子商務edi (dlectro nic data in tercha nge)電子數(shù)據(jù)交換efficie ncy 效率efficie nt 高效en d-to-e nd authe nticati on端對端身份驗證end user 最終用戶engine 弓 i 擎_ien tity實體en capsulati on圭寸裝enclosing class外圍類別 ( 與巢狀類別nested class有關(guān))enum (en umerati on)枚舉en umerators枚舉成員、枚舉器equal 相等equality

31、相等性equality operator等號操作符error log 錯 誤 日 志 (for database) escape code 轉(zhuǎn)義碼escape character轉(zhuǎn)義符、轉(zhuǎn)義字符exclusive lock 排它鎖 (for database)explicit tran sacti on顯式事務 ( for database) evaluate評估eve nt 事件eve nt drive n事件驅(qū)動的eve nt han dler事件處理器evide nee 證據(jù)excepti on 異常exeepti on declarati on異常聲明excepti on han dl

32、i ng異常處理、異常處理機制excepti on-safe異常安全的excepti on specificati on異常規(guī)范exit 退岀explicit 顯式explicit specializati on顯式特化export導岀expressi on 表達式facility設施、設備fat clie nt 胖客戶端feature特性、特征fetch 提取field 字段(java)field 字 段 (for database)field len gth 字段長度 (for database) file 文件filter 篩選(for database) fin alizati on終

33、結(jié)firewall 防火墻fin alizer終結(jié)器firmware 固件flag 標記flash memory閃存flush 刷新font 字體foreign key (fk)夕卜鍵( fk) (for database) form 窗體formal parameter形 參 forward declarati on前置聲明forward-o nly只向前的forward-o nly cursor只向前游標(for database) fragmentation碎片(for database)framework 框架full specializati on完全特化fun cti on函數(shù)fu

34、nction call operator (即 operator ()函數(shù)調(diào)用操作符fun ctio n object函數(shù)對象fun cti on overloaded resoluti on函數(shù)重載決議fun cti on ality功能fun cti on template函數(shù)模板fun ctor 仿函數(shù)gac (global assembly cache)全局裝配件緩存、全局配件緩存gc (garbage collection)垃圾回收 ( 機制) 、垃圾收集 ( 機制) game 游戲gen erate 生成gen eric泛化的、一般化的、通用的gen eric algorithm通

35、用算法gen ericity 泛型getter ( 相對于 setter)取值函數(shù)global 全局的global object全局對象global scope resoluti on operator全局范圍解析操作符grant授權(quán)(for database) gra nu larity 粒度group組 、 群 group box分組框gui 圖形界面guid (globally uni que ide ntifier)全球唯一標識符hand shak ing握手han dle 句柄han dler 處理器hard-coded硬編碼的hard-copy截屏圖hard disk硬盤hardw

36、are硬件hash table散列表、哈希表header file頭文件heap 堆help file幫助文件hierarchy層次結(jié)構(gòu)、繼承體系hierarchical data階層式數(shù)據(jù)、層次式數(shù)據(jù)hook 鉤子host (application)宿主( 應用程序 )hot key 熱鍵hyperli nk 超鏈接html (hypertext markup lan guage)超文本標記語言http pipeli ne http管道http (hypertext tran sfer protocol) icon 圖標ide (in tegrated developme nt en vir

37、o nment)idl (in terface defin iti on lan guage) iden tifier標識符idle time空閑時間if and only if當且僅當il (in termediate lan guage) image圖象ime 輸入法超文本傳輸協(xié)議集成開發(fā)環(huán)境接口定義語言中間語言、中介語言immediate base直接基類-bl j 艮immediate derived直接派生類immediate updat ingimplicit tran sactionin creme ntal updateimpleme nt實現(xiàn)即時更新 (for databas

38、e)隱式事務 (for database)增量更新 (for database) in dex索弓丨( for database)impleme ntati on實現(xiàn)、實現(xiàn)品implicit 隱式 import 導入in creme nt operator增加操作符infinite loop無 限 循 環(huán) infinite recursive無限遞歸in formati on信息inf rastructure基礎設施in herita nee繼承、繼承機制in li ne內(nèi)聯(lián)in li ne expa nsion內(nèi)聯(lián)展開in itializati on初始化initialization lis

39、t初始化列表、初始值列表in itialize 初始化inner join內(nèi)聯(lián)接 (for database)in-place activein sta nee實例現(xiàn)場激活in sta ntiated具現(xiàn)化、實體化 （常應用于 template ）in sta ntiati on具現(xiàn)體、具現(xiàn)化實體 （常應用于 template ） in tegrate集成、整合in tegrity完整性、一致性in tegrity con stra int完整性約束(for database)in terprocess commu ni cati on (ipc)進程間通訊 （ipc ）in teracts交

40、互in terface接口for gui界面in teroperability互操作性、互操作能力in terpreter解釋器 in trospecti on自省in varia nts不變性 in voke調(diào)用isolati on level隔離級別 ( for database)iterate 迭代iterative反復的、迭代的iterator 迭代器iteration迭代( 回圈每次輪回稱為一個iteration) item 項、條款、項目jit compilation jit編譯即時編譯key 鍵(for database)key column鍵 列 (for database)

41、laser 激光late bi ndi ng遲綁定left outer jo in左向外聯(lián)接(for database) level階、層例high level 高階、高層library 庫lifetime 生命期、壽命link 連接、鏈接lin kage 連接、鏈接lin ker 連接器、鏈接器literal co nsta nt字面常數(shù)list 列表、表、鏈表list box列表框livelock活鎖(for database) load裝載、加載load bala ncing負載平衡loader裝載器、載入器 local 局部的local object局部對象lock 鎖log 日志lo

42、gi n 登錄logi n security mode登錄安全模式(for database)lookup table查找表 ( for database) loop 循環(huán)loose coupli ng松散耦合ma in tai n維護man aged code受控代碼、托管代碼man aged exte nsio ns受控擴充件、托管擴展man aged object受控對象、托管對象man gled n ame mani fest清單manipulator操縱器 (iostream預先定義的一種東西)man y-to-ma ny relati on ship多對多關(guān)系 ( for data

43、base) many-to-one relati on ship多對一關(guān)系( for database) marshal列集member成員member access operator成員取用運算子( 有 dot 禾 口 arrow member fun cti on成員函數(shù)member in itializati on list成員初始值列表memberwise以 member 為 單元、members 逐一memberwise copy memory 內(nèi)存memory leak內(nèi)存泄漏menu 菜單message 消息message based基于消息的message loop消息環(huán)mes

44、sage queui ng消息隊歹列metadata 元數(shù)據(jù)metaprogrammi ng元編程method 方 法micro 微middleware 中間件middle tier 中間層modeli ng建模modeli ng lan guage建模語言modifier修 飾 字 、 修 飾 符 modem調(diào)制解調(diào)器兩種）module 模塊mouse 鼠標mutable 可變的mutex 互斥元、互斥體multidime nsi onal olap (molap) multithreaded server applicati on多維 olap(molap) (for database)多

45、線程服務器應用程序multiuser multi-task ing多用戶多任務multi-thread多線程multicast delegate組播委托、多點委托n amed parameter命名參數(shù)n amed pipe命名管道n amespace名字空間、命名空間native原生的、本地的n ative code本地碼、本機碼native image gen erator (ngen)本地映像生成器n ested class嵌套類嵌套查詢 (for database)嵌套表(for database)network 網(wǎng)絡網(wǎng)卡n ested query n ested table n et

46、work card non depe ndent n ame object對象online analytical processing (olap)聯(lián)機分析處理 (olap) (for database)onbjelicntebaresdeod log基于對象的object file目標文件object model對 象 模 型 object orie nted面向?qū)ο蟮膐bject pooli ng對象池化odbc data source odbc數(shù)據(jù)源 (for database)odbc driver odbcodr (on e-defi nition rule)ole automati

47、 on objects oleole automati on server oleole db con sumer ole db驅(qū)動程序 ( for database)自動化對象(for database) 自動化服務器(for database) 使用者 (for database)ole db for olap用于ole db provider ole db on e-to-ma ny relati on shipolap 的 ole db (for database)提供者 (for database)一對多關(guān)系(for database)on e-to-one relati on sh

48、ip一對一關(guān)系(for database)聯(lián)機重做日志(for database)online transaction processing (oltp)聯(lián)機事務處理 (oltp) (for database)ope n data services (ods)開放式數(shù)據(jù)服務 (ods) (for database)ope n database co nn ectivity (odbc) database)opera nd 操作數(shù)operati ng system (os)操作系統(tǒng)開放式數(shù)據(jù)庫連接 （odbc ） （foroperati on operator option optimizer操

49、作操作符、運算符選項優(yōu)化器outer jo in夕卜聯(lián)接 (for database)overflow overhead上限溢位 （相對于 underflow ） 額外開銷overload重載overload resoluti on重載決議overloaded fun cti on重載的函數(shù)overloaded operator override packagpackage被重載的操作符覆寫、重重新定義包ing打包圓括弧、圓括號palette調(diào)色板并行parallelparser 解析器parameterpart 零件、部件參數(shù)、形式參數(shù)、形參parameter list參數(shù)列表局部特化par

50、sasmbeyteardizderess參數(shù)傳化址（函式引數(shù)的傳遞方式 ）（ 非正式用語 ）parses nbtycrleafsesre nee父類傳地址、按引用傳遞pass by value pattern 模式按值傳遞pda (pers onal digital assista nt)個人數(shù)字助理pe (portable executable) file可移植可執(zhí)行文件performa nee性能persiste nee持久性pare ntheses parse解析partial specializati onpin voke (platform in voke service) pixel像素placeme nt delete placeme nt new平臺調(diào)用服務placeholder 占位符platform 平臺pod (plai n old data (type) poi (po int of in sta ntiati on) poin ter指針poll 輪詢pooli ng 池化polymorphism pop up 彈岀式port 端口postfix 后綴precede pnreeefix 前綴preprocessor primary key (pk) primary table primary template多態(tài)優(yōu)