初中現(xiàn)在完成時講解練習(xí)及答案-

1、現(xiàn)在完成時精講和專練I. 定義：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，也可以表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)II. 現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：have/has+ done (過去分詞) 否定句：主語+have/has+not+ done (過去分詞)+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+ done (過去分詞)+其他.簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主語 + haven't/hasn't.(否定)注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞，如:come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成時不能及for，since等表示一段時

2、間的詞連用。用來持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)或表過去重復(fù)的動作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自從）或for（經(jīng)歷）引導(dǎo)的詞語連用。如：I have lived here for more than thirty years.我已在此住了30多年。III. 現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志1.現(xiàn)在完成時的含義之一是過去完成的動作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響, 現(xiàn)在完成時通常和，ever, never, twice（once）, so far（到目前為止）, since，for，in the past/last few years（在過去幾年） , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑問句）, jus

3、t(剛剛), before（以前）, recently（近來）等詞連用說明：already及yet都有“已經(jīng)”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑問句，并用于句末。例如：I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?They have left. (他們已經(jīng)離開了,也就是說現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里)I have had my lunch. (我已經(jīng)吃過午飯了,也就是說我現(xiàn)在不餓)I cant fi

4、nd my watch now. I think I have already lost it.2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時間”點段的區(qū)分入手。for+時段 since+過去一個時間點（過去 從句）為標(biāo)志注意： 1)現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨及過去的時間狀語連用, 如yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能及when連用IV. 現(xiàn)在完成時的用法A表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影想或結(jié)果）。例如：The car has arrived.車子來了。（

5、結(jié)果：車子已在門口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗戶打破了。（結(jié)果：窗戶仍破著）B. 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀語連用,如for+時間段、since+過去的時間點、疑問詞how long等。例如： My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在這個工廠工作已經(jīng)五年了。 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2019. 自從2019年Mr. Black 一直住在中國。 How l

6、ong have you been here? 你來這里多久了？ 注意：此種用法中表示持續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞（否定句除外）。例如： (1)這本書我已經(jīng)買了三個月了。 錯誤：I have bought the book for three months. 正確：I have had the book for three months. (2)你哥哥參軍多長時間了？ 錯誤：How long has your brother joined the army? 正確：How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier?延續(xù)性

7、動詞及非延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 第 fifteenth 頁leave - be away borrow - keep buy - have die - be dead begin/start - be on finish - be over fall ill -be illget up-be up catch a cold - have a cold put on wearcome/become/go - be here fall asleep - be asleep get to/ arrive/reach - be (in) get to know - know join-be a memb

8、er of . (成為的一員) open -be openclose -be closed用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞替換短暫性動詞，句中謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時，時間狀語為“for時間段”或“since時間點”。如：He has been in the Green China for three years.He has been a member of the Green China for three years.他加入“綠色中國”已經(jīng)三年了。 The old man died 4 years ago.- The old man has been dead for 4 years.He joined

9、the Party 2 years ago.- He has been in the Party for 2 years.I bought the book 5 days ago.- I have had the book for 5 days. 表示時間段的短語有:for+一段時間(for 2 years), since+從句(since he came here), since+時間點名詞( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。V. 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)及一般過去時態(tài)的區(qū)別 1一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或

10、單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間是yesterday 。）I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2一般過去時和表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：ago, last week/.In 2019, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday .Then(那時),that day, one day, once(從前)現(xiàn)在完成時常和recently（近

11、來），ever, never, twice,so far（到目前為止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑問句）, just(剛剛), before（以前）連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時不及表示過去的時間狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. VI. 比較since和forsince 后接時間點， for后接時間段，試比較：I have lived here for more than twenty years

12、.I have lived here since I was born.My aunt has worked in a company since 1949.I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.VII. 比較 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been inhave(has) been to.表示“曾去過某地，已經(jīng)從那里回來了”，可以和ever、never、twice等連用。have(has) gone to表示“已經(jīng)去了某地，在去那里的途中或到達(dá)那里還沒有回來”。have(has) be

13、en in 表示“在某地呆多長時間”，常及表示一段時間的狀語連用，如：since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾經(jīng))到/去過上海.(但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來了)He has gone to Shanghai. 他已經(jīng)去上海了.(也許剛動身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里)Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了語法練習(xí)I. 延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化1.

14、He died 10 years ago. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago.He _here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. T

15、he light _for 2 hours.6. He left here 2 years ago. He _from here for 2 years.7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for 30 minutes.8. They opened the door an hour ago. The door _ for an hour.9. They closed the door an hour ago. The door _for an hour.10. He joined the army last year. He _ a _ f

16、or a year. He _ the army for a year. It _ a year _ he joined the army. II. 單項選擇。( )1. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written ( )2. Have you met Mr. Li _？. Just . ago .before .a moment ago( )3. How long have you _ here ? About two months .

17、been . gone . come . arrived( )4. Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better. changed; better ( )5. _ you _ your homework yet ?Yes. I _ it a moment ago.Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished.Have; done; have finished . will

18、; do; finish( )6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew( )7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. will see . have seen . saw .see( )8. These farmers have been to the United States .Really? When _ there ?. will they go .did they go . do they go . have

19、 they gone ( )9. Zhou Lang _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are; studying( )10. His father _ the Party since 2019 .joined . has joined . was in . has been in( )11. Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been

20、 . have become . have made( )12. He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ?. already .never .ever . still( )13. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on . began( )14. It _ ten years since he left the army . Is . has . will . was( )15. Miss Green isn't in the office. Sh

21、e_ to the library.has gone . went .will go . has been( )16. My parents _ Shandong for ten years. have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been( )17. The students have cleaned the classroom, _? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they( )18. has Mr. White been a member of Greener Ch

22、ina since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( )19. His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He has never surfed, _ ?（改成附加疑問句） 2、They have been here since 2019. (提

23、問) _ have they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He _for a year. (die) （動詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Green left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Green _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the P

24、arty three years _ .三、漢譯英。1、他昨天收到一封信。_2、我父親以前到過長城。_4、她去過上海。_5、他這些天上哪兒去了？_現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí) ：一、 單項選擇。10、_ you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. ha

25、s joined C. was in D. has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away22. I _ the League for 5 years so

26、far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in23.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened24.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become26.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has end

27、ed C. has been over27.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught30. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead31. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept32.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. ha

28、s bought C. has had 33.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been35.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take40.- How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He has never surfed, _?（

29、改成反意疑問句） 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory _ for twenty years.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.一、用過去時或現(xiàn)在完

30、成時填空：1. “_ you _ (have) lunch ?”“Yes.”“When _ you _ (have) it?”“I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “_ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “_ he _ (finish) his homework?”“Not yet.”4. “_ they ever _ (be) abroad?”“Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) hi

31、s work.6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum.10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke?11.Have you _ (buy) a dictionary? “Yes, I _ .”“Where_ you _(buy) it?”“ I _(buy) it in a bookstore.”“When _ you _ (buy) it?”“ Yesterday.”二、用since和for填空1. _ two years 2._ two years ago 3. _ last month 4._ 2019 5._ yesterday 6. _ 4 oclock 7. _ 4 hours 9. _ we were children 11._ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.13.