(完整)新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)_英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講+練習(xí)[1](2),推薦文檔

1、Practice makes perfect! 1 （一）一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用， 女口 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, n ext year, n ext mon th, n ext week, in 100 years 等。 be going to do (動(dòng)詞原形)結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。 如: to rai n. will do 結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來(lái)的用法： 1. 表示預(yù)見 Do you think it will rain? You will feel bet

2、ter after a good rest. 2. 表示意圖 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本構(gòu)成如下： 一般疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成： (1) will+ 主語(yǔ) +do ? Will Sarah come to visit me n ext Sun day? (2) there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問(wèn)句： Will there + be ? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won t 否定句構(gòu)成

3、： will + n ot (wo n)t +do Sarah won t come to visit me next Sun day. 特殊疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成： 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+ will +主語(yǔ) +？ What will Sarah do next Su nday? (二) should 的用法： should 用來(lái)提出建議和忠告，后邊加動(dòng)詞原形，否定句直接在 should 后邊加 not. 例如：I thi nk you should eat less junk food. 我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I thi n

4、k she should walk a lot. 她經(jīng)常開車，很少走路。所以我認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該多走路。 Students shouldn t spermhudo time playing computer games. 學(xué)生們不應(yīng)當(dāng)花太多的時(shí)間玩計(jì)算機(jī)游戲。 學(xué)習(xí)向別人提建議的幾種句式： (1) I think you should (2) Well, you could (3) Maybe you should (4) Why don t you- ? (5) What about doing sth.? (6) You d better do sth. It is going Practice

5、makes perfect! 2 (三) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)Practice makes perfect! 3 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者過(guò)去某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 1. 構(gòu)成 was /were + doing , 例如： I was watching TV at 9 o clock last night at 9 o clock last ni 是時(shí)間點(diǎn) They were play ing football all after noon. all after noon 是時(shí)間段 2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞 at 8 o clock Inight, this time ye

6、sterday 等。例如： I was havi ng lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的這個(gè)時(shí)候我正在吃午飯。 At that time she was writing a book. 那陣子她在寫一本書。（表示她在那段時(shí)間里一直在做那件事情。） （四）間接引語(yǔ) 形成步驟： （1） 不要逗號(hào)，冒號(hào)，引號(hào) （2） 要考慮到人稱的變化（人稱的變化與漢語(yǔ)是一致的） （3） 要考慮時(shí)態(tài)的變化 （4） 要考慮時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和語(yǔ)示代詞的變化。 1.直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，幾個(gè)主要時(shí)態(tài)的變化規(guī)律 直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)

7、時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 2.直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律 直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ) 1. am / is 1. was 2. are 2. were 3. have / has 3. had 4. will 4. would 5. can 5. could 6. may 6. might Practice makes perfect! 4 4.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和代詞等的變動(dòng) （1）.某些代詞，限定詞，表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的副詞和個(gè)別動(dòng)詞在間接引語(yǔ)中的變化規(guī)則: 直接引語(yǔ) 間接引語(yǔ) today that day the n, at that mome ntnow Practice makes pe

8、rfect! 5 the day before two days before the n ext day / the follow ing day two days after, / in two days the n ext week/m onth etc the week / month etc. before there that those come go bring take （2）.如果引述動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式，貝U間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，代詞，限定詞和表示時(shí)間 或地點(diǎn)的副詞不用變化。而如果引述動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)，以上內(nèi)容就要有相應(yīng)變化。變化情 況如下：現(xiàn)在時(shí)間推移到過(guò)去的時(shí)間（注意:如果直

9、接引語(yǔ)是表示客觀規(guī)律的，那么時(shí)態(tài)仍 然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)； 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)； 一般將來(lái)時(shí) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)； 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)； （五）if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句 結(jié)構(gòu)：if + 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)+將來(lái)時(shí) 含義：如果，將要 例如：If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你請(qǐng)求他，他會(huì)幫助你。 If need be, we ll work all night. 如果需要，我們就干個(gè)通宵。 if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。If是連詞，所連接的句子 叫條件狀語(yǔ) 從句，表示假設(shè)或條件, 意思是 “如果的話”用法如下： 1、 表示假設(shè)，表示將會(huì)發(fā)生和可能發(fā)生

10、的事，或進(jìn)行提醒警告。句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下： If +句子（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)），+主句（主語(yǔ)will/may/can） +動(dòng)詞） a. If you finish your homework , you can go out and play. b. If I have eno ugh money n ext year , I will go to travel . 2. 表示真實(shí)條件、客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象、定理定義 . 民間諺語(yǔ)等，句型是： If +句子（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)），+主句（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）. 例： If you study hard ,you are sure to succeed . If you put

11、 ice in a warm place ,it turns into water . If a glass falls on the floor, it usually breaks If you cook a banan a, it becomes very soft . If a pla nt don t get eno ugh light ,it grows very tall and thi n.yesterday the day before yesterday tomorrow the day after tomorrow n ext week/ month etc last w

12、eek/ month etc here this these Practice makes perfect! 6 【試題答案】 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. B 1. C 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. B 三 1. what, advice 2 buying, called 3. out, of 4. about, on 5. surprise, on 四 1. C 2. B 3 E 4. D 5. A 五 (A) 1. C 2 B 3. B 4. C 5. A

13、 (B) 1. C 2 B 3. F 4. G 5. E 實(shí)戰(zhàn)操練 (答題時(shí)間：80分鐘) i. 選擇填空。 ( )1. Beiji ng won the cha nces _ the 2008 Olympics. A. to host B. host C. hosti ng D. hosted ( )2. Tiger Woods can make billions _ dollars a year. A. for B. with C. of D. on ( )3. You looked so beautiful at the party. A. No, I don t think so B.

14、 Of course C. Thank you very much D. No, I m not beautiful ( )4. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a few B. a little C. few D. little ( )5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _ “Who Moved My cheese ” was an in teresti ng book. A. that B. what C. how D. if ( )

15、6. In our En glish study read ing is more in teresti ng tha n speak in g, I think. Practice makes perfect! 7 I don t agree.eS|5ing is _ reading. A. as importa nt as B. so importa nt as C. the more importa nt D. the most importa nt ( )7. If he _ harder, he ll catch up with us. A. work B. works C. wor

16、ked D. will work ( )8. The man ager _ that the bus in ess would be worse after the stock (股票)went dow n. A. talked B. told C. said D. spoke ( )9. We should keep _ in the readi ng-room. A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly ( )10. I think everythi ng goes on well. A. So I do B. I do so C. So do I D

17、. So is I ( )11. If you want to watch TV, you may tur n _ . A. dow n B. it on C. on it D. it off ( )12. I m sorry I haven t got any money. I ve _ my handbag at home. A. missed B. left C. put D. forgotte n ( )13. He is liste ning to the music _ she is wash ing clothes. A. after B. before C. that D. w

18、hilePractice makes perfect! 8 ( )14. It takes _ time to go to Beiji ng by pla ne tha n by train. A. more B. fewer C. Ion ger D. less ( )15. Excuse me. Have you got an eraser? Sorry, I haven t. Why _ you ask Mary? Perhaps she s got one. A. do B. don t C. did D. didn t 二選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鹫Z(yǔ)。 metal box. This could

19、hold water, or it could be empty. So 2 . It was for use over the sea. They were also carry ing some bags of sand. After the sun rose, the ballo on went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and 3 . The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the men s basket, and they coulcoweemtbeegaround. 4

20、but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falli ng, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice. At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was

21、 still snowing; so 5 . They rose to 5,100 metres! Everyth ing became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came dow n in Pola nd heavily but safely. _ 1. What were you doi ng whe n the UFO Ian ded? _ 2. Will people use paper money in the future? _ 3. I can t sleep, what should I do?

22、 _ 4. If I wear jea ns to school, what will happe n? card. _ 5. What did your father say? 三. 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填空： 1. 不知道該怎么辦，你能給我點(diǎn)建議嗎？ A. Your teacher won etyctd in. B. He said I couldn t stay out late. C. I was doing my homework. D. No, they won t Every one will have a credit E. You should listen to some rela

23、xing music. to do, can you give me some_ ? the police. _ a wi ndow. 2. 外星人正在買紀(jì)念品的時(shí)候，我給警察打了個(gè)電話。 While the alie n was _ a souve nir, I _ 3. 我放學(xué)回家的路上，看見一只貓從窗戶里跑了出來(lái)。 On my way home from school, I saw a cat get 4. 我不想在電話里跟你談?wù)撨@件事情。 I don t want to talk _ it with you 5. 我們要在周五晚上為約翰舉辦一個(gè)驚喜的晚會(huì)。 We are going t

24、o have a _ party for Joh n 四. 完形填空： 把下面五個(gè)句子放在文章中的恰當(dāng)位置，使文章完整。 Three men went up in a balloon (氣球) other two men were Davy and Emilio. _1 the phone _ Friday evening. .They started early in London. The headma n was Ted, and the Soon they heard the sea. They were carry ing the usual rope ,and it was han

25、ging dow n from the basket of the ballo on. At the end of the rope they had tied a Practice makes perfect! 9 They had travelled 1,797 kilometres from London! A. The men tried to throw out some more sand B. they were able to cha nge its weight (重量) C. They had a big ballo on and they were ready for a

26、 long way. D. they climbed to get away from the snow E. the air there was very cold 五閱讀理解 (A) Ein stein Was Waiti ng for His Frie nd Once Ein ste in was wait ing for one of his friends on a bridge. He was thinking a oblem. While he was wait in g, it bega n to rain. The rain kept on for some time. Wh

27、en Ein ste in took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write someth ing dow n, the paper was wet and the n he knew that it was raining. His clothes had become wet. But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was sta nding in the rain aga in. Many scientists are not careful with thei

28、r lives. This is because they are too careful with their studies. 1. What did Ei nste in do? He was _ . A. a doctor B. a teacher C. a scie ntist 2. Why was Ein ste in on a bridge. A. Because he was writing something on the bridge. B. Because he was wait ing for a friend. C. Because he was thinking.

29、3. It rai ned _ . A. sometimes B. for some time C. for a long time 4. Ein ste in _ and bega n to write someth ing on it. A. bought a piece of paper. B. took a piece of paper from his car. C. took out a piece of paper from his pocket. 5. Which is true? A. Ein stein was careful with his work. B. Einstein was careful with his clothes. C. Ein ste in was careful with his frien ds. (B) 生活中總會(huì)有許多意外事故發(fā)生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。請(qǐng)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù) 1-5 小題所描述的救護(hù)方法，從 A-G 七幅圖中找出與題意相應(yīng)的圖畫(本題共有七幅圖，你只能選五幅 圖，多選不給分。) 1. If the pers on has stopped breath ing, you must try to sta