人教版新目標(biāo)八年級上冊_英語語法知識及練習(xí)上課講義

1、Practice makes perfect!人教版新目標(biāo)八年級上冊 英語語法知識點精講 +練習(xí)（一） 一般將來時一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如 tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years 等。be going to do （動詞原形）結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來的用法：1. 表示預(yù)見Do you think it will r

2、ain? You will feel better after a good rest.2. 表示意圖I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?基本構(gòu)成如下：一般疑問句構(gòu)成：（1） will+主語+do? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?（2） there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句：Will there + be ?Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won

3、t否定句構(gòu)成：will + not （wont）+doSarah wont come to visit me next Sunday.特殊疑問句構(gòu)成：特殊疑問詞will主語？What will Sarah do next Sunday?根據(jù)例句，用 will 改寫下列各句例：I dont feel well today. （be better tomorrow）Ill be better tomorrow.1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight）_2. Im tired now. （sleep later）_

4、3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon）_4. We cant leave right now. （leave a little later）_5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow）_答案：1. Shell have a lot of homework tonight.2. Ill sleep later.3. Theyll buy one soon.4. Well leave a little later.5. Maybe itll be better tomorrow.（二）sh

5、ould 的用法：should 用來提出建議和忠告，后邊加動詞原形，否定句直接在 should 后邊加 not.Practice makes perfect!例如：I think you should eat less junk food.我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該少吃垃圾食品。She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.她經(jīng)常開車，很少走路。所以我認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該多走路。Students shouldnt spend too much time playing computer games.學(xué)生們不應(yīng)當(dāng)花太多的時

6、間玩計算機(jī)游戲。學(xué)習(xí)向別人提建議的幾種句式：（1） I think you should（2） Well, you could（3） Maybe you should （4） Why dont you?（5） What about doing sth.?（6） Youd better do sth.用 should 或 shouldnt 填空1. I cant sleep the night before exams.You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed.2. Good friends _ argue each other.3. There

7、 is little milk in the glass. We _ buy some.2. They didnt invite you? Maybe you _ be friendlier.2. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day.答案：1. should 2. shouldnt 3. should 4. should 5. should（三）過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一點時間正在進(jìn)行的動作或者過去某一段時間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行的動作。1. 構(gòu)成 was /were + doing，例如：I was

8、 watching TV at 9 oclock last night.at 9 oclock last night 是時間點They were playing football all afternoon.all afternoon 是時間段2. 過去進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志詞at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday 等。例如： I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的這個時候我正在吃午飯。At that time she was writing a book. 那陣子她在寫一本書。（表示她在那段

9、時間里一直在做那件事情。） 練習(xí)用括號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. This time yesterday I _ _（read）books.1. At 9 oclock last Sunday they _ _（have）a party.1. When I _（come）into the classroom, she _ _（read）a storybook.2. She _ _（play）computer games while her mother _ _（cook）yesterday afternoon.3. I _ _（have）a shower when you _（call）m

10、e yesterday.答案：1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading 4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called （四）間接引語形成步驟：（1）不要逗號，冒號，引號 （2）要考慮到人稱的變化（人稱的變化與漢語是一致的）（3）要考慮時態(tài)的變化 （4）要考慮時間狀語、地點狀語和語示代詞的變化。1. 直接引語變成間接引語時，幾個主要時態(tài)的變化規(guī)律Practice makes perfect!直接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般將來時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時2. 直接引語變成間接引語時，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律直接引語

11、1. am / is2. are3. have / has4. will5. can6. may練一練用括號中所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. She said I _（be）hard-working.2. Peter told me he _（be）bored yesterday.3. She said she _（go）swimming last Sunday. 4. Bobby said he _（may）call me later.5. Antonio told me he _（read）a book then.答案：1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 請轉(zhuǎn)述他人

12、說的話：1. I go to the beach every Saturday. （Tom）2. I can speak three languages. （Lucy）3. I will call you tomorrow. （Mike）1. Im having a surprise party for Lana. （she）（五）if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句間接引語 一般過去時 過去將來時 過去進(jìn)行時間接引語1. was2. were3. had4. would5. could4. might5. was reading結(jié)構(gòu)：if一般現(xiàn)在時，主語將來 含義：如果，將要 例如：If you ask

13、 him, he will help you. 如果你請求他，他會幫助你。If need be, well work all night. 如果需要，我們就干個通宵。練一練根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子。1. 如果你參加聚會，你將會過得很開心。If you _ the party, you _.2. 如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。If it _ tomorrow, we _.3. 如果你經(jīng)常聽英文歌，你將會喜歡英語的。If you often _, you _.答案：1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time2. If it rains t

14、omorrow, we wont go to the picnic2. If you often listen to English songs, youll like English二. 完形填空特點及解題思路（一）題型分類與特點完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個詞，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，從Practice makes perfect!所給的短文整體出發(fā)，在正確理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)句子和句子間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、詞的用法和習(xí)慣搭配等，用適 當(dāng)?shù)脑~或詞語填空，使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。這種題型測試的內(nèi)容從形式上看是單詞或短語 的填空，但它必須

15、注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義 適用和語法正確兩條原則，只考慮某一側(cè)面都可能導(dǎo)致錯誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類：完形填空選擇 題和完形填空題。1. 完形填空選擇題：該題型的特點是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格，對每一空格提供若干個選擇項，要求考 生通讀短文后，在理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，運用所學(xué)的詞匯、句型、語法等語言知識，從所提供的備選項中選出一個 最佳答案，使短文內(nèi)容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相 當(dāng)，字?jǐn)?shù)在 150200 個單詞之內(nèi)，多數(shù)設(shè)置 10 個左右空格，所設(shè)考點涉及

16、詞匯、語法及對短文內(nèi)容的理解。短文的 第一句一般不設(shè)空，以期提供一個語境，對每一空格設(shè)置的選項基本都屬于相同或?qū)Φ鹊脑~類，給判定選擇帶來一定 的干擾，側(cè)重考查了考生準(zhǔn)確運用詞匯的能力及對短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。2. 選詞填空題：該題型的特點是把抽出的詞打亂順序，不按原文順序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框內(nèi)，有時還 增加幾個文外的詞，要求考生從中選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~以正確的形式填入短文空格內(nèi)。（A）Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase （短語）“have a day off”. He 2 , the

17、n he had an idea. “Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? ”he asked the teacher. “Of course, you can. ”replied （答 復(fù)）the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teachers door. “May I have a day off 5 ? ”The teacher was very surprised, “Didnt you 6 it just now? ”“Yes, sir. But

18、I cant be here 7 , either. ”The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didnt you sayMay I have two days off? ” The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. “But you only 10 ushave a day off! ”（ ）1. A. but B. and C. or D. for（ ）2. A. thought hardly B. thought hard a

19、nd hard C. hard thought D. thought and thought（ ）3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr（ ）4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock（ ）5. A. also B. again C. too D. once（ ）6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do（ ）7. A. tomorrow B. the day after tomorrow C. yesterday D. the day before yesterday（ ）8. A. laugh B. to l

20、augh C. laughed D. laughing（ ）9. A. with B. on C. in D. by（ ）10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching（B）請根據(jù)內(nèi)容從所給的 15 個單詞中選出最恰當(dāng)?shù)?10 個填入空白處，使短文完整，有些詞要根據(jù)需要作適當(dāng)?shù)脑~形 變化。than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, whatA generation gap （代溝）has

21、become a serious problem. I read a _（1）about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _（2）after quarrels （爭吵）with parents. I think this is _（3）they dont have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _（4）time in the office. _（5）they dont have much time to stay with their children. As time

22、 passes, they both feel _（6）they dont have the same topics（話題）to talk about. I want to _（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _ （8）your parents. They are the people who _ （9）you. So tell them your thoughts （想法）. In this wa

23、y, you can have a better _（10）of each other.實戰(zhàn)操練（答題時間：80 分鐘）一. 選擇填空。（ ）1. Beijing won the chances _ the 2008 Olympics. A. to host B. host C. hosting D. hosted（ ）2. Tiger Woods can make billions _ dollars a year.A. for B. with C. of D. on（ ）3. You looked so beautiful at the party._.A. No, I dont thin

24、k so B. Of course C. Thank you very much （ ）4. The text is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it.A. a few B. a little C. few D. littleD. No, Im not beautiful（ ）5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _ “Who Moved My cheese”was an interesting book. A. that B. what C. how D. if（ ）6.

25、 In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think.I dont agree. Speaking is _ reading.A. as important as B. so important as C. the more important （ ）7. If he _ harder, hell catch up with us.A. work B. works C. worked D. will workD. the most important（ ）8. The manager _ that th

26、e business would be worse after the stock （股票）went down. A. talked B. told C. said D. spoke（ ）9. We should keep _ in the reading-room.A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly（ ）10. I think everything goes on well._.A. So I do B. I do so C. So do I D. So is I（ ）11. If you want to watch TV, you may tur

27、n _.A. down B. it on C. on it D. it off（ ）12. Im sorry I havent got any money. Ive _ my handbag at home.A. missed B. left C. put D. forgotten（ ）13. He is listening to the music _ she is washing clothes.A. after B. before C. that D. while（ ）14. It takes _ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train.

28、A. more B. fewer C. longer D. less（ ）15. Excuse me. Have you got an eraser?Sorry, I havent. Why _ you ask Mary? Perhaps shes got one.A. doB. dontC. didD. didnt二. 選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鹫Z。_1. What were you doing when the UFO landed? _2. Will people use paper money in the future? _3. I cant sleep, what should I do?_4.

29、 If I wear jeans to school, what will happen? _5. What did your father say?三. 根據(jù)漢語提示填空：1. 不知道該怎么辦，你能給我點建議嗎？A. Your teacher wont let you in.B. He said I couldnt stay out late.A. I was doing my homework.A. No, they wont. Everyone , will have a credit card. E. You should listen to some relaxing music.I

30、 dont know _ to do, can you give me some _?2. 外星人正在買紀(jì)念品的時候，我給警察打了個電話。While the alien was _ a souvenir, I _ the police.3. 我放學(xué)回家的路上，看見一只貓從窗戶里跑了出來。On my way home from school, I saw a cat get _ _ a window. 4. 我不想在電話里跟你談?wù)撨@件事情。I dont want to talk _ it with you _ the phone.5. 我們要在周五晚上為約翰舉辦一個驚喜的晚會。We are go

31、ing to have a _ party for John _ Friday evening.四. 完形填空：把下面五個句子放在文章中的恰當(dāng)位置，使文章完整。Three men went up in a balloon（氣球）. They started early in London. The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio. 1 Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope （繩子）, and it was hanging dow

32、n from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So2 . It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and 3 . The water in

33、the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the mens basket, and they could see more snow on the4 , ground.butitwashard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on

34、 an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so 5 . They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometres from

35、 London!A. The men tried to throw out some more sandB. they were able to change its weight （重量）C. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.B. they climbed to get away from the snowC. the air there was very cold五. 閱讀理解（A）Einstein Was Waiting for His FriendOnce Einstein was waiting fo

36、r one of his friends on a bridge. He was thinking a oblem. While he was waiting, it began to rain. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write something down, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining. His clothes had become wet. But

37、after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again.Many scientists are not careful with their lives. This is because they are too careful with their studies.1. What did Einstein do? He was _.A. a doctor B. a teacher C. a scientist2. Why was Einstein on a bridge.A. Be

38、cause he was writing something on the bridge.B. Because he was waiting for a friend.C. Because he was thinking.3. It rained _.A. sometimes B. for some time C. for a long time4. Einstein _ and began to write something on it.A. bought a piece of paper.B. took a piece of paper from his car.C. took out

39、a piece of paper from his pocket.5. Which is true?A. Einstein was careful with his work.B. Einstein was careful with his clothes.C. Einstein was careful with his friends.（B）生活中總會有許多意外事故發(fā)生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。請閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)15 小題所描述的救護(hù)Practice makes perfect!方法，從 A-G 七幅圖中找出與題意相應(yīng)的圖畫（本題共有七幅圖，你只能選五幅圖，多選不給分。）1. If t

40、he person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her breathing at once. The best thing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way. Lay the person on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth.2. If the person is bleeding （流血）badly, you must try to stop the bleeding. Press on the bleeding poin

41、t with a piece of clean cloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding.3. If you are bitten （cut by teeth）by an animal, wash the cut under cold running water. Cover the broken part, if there is any, with a piece of clean cloth. Then see a doctor as soon as possible.4. If you are burnt （hur

42、t by fire or something very hot）, cool the burnt part at once. Run cool（not cold）water over the burn until it is less painful. Then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the burnt part.2. If there is a fire, never use a lift in the building, because its very dangerous. The lift may get trapped between

43、 floors . Use the stairs and leave the building at once. 1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _Here are some pictures to choose.六. 寫作：（從下列 2 封來信中選擇一封寫回信。）Dear friend,T here will be a party this weekend. All my friends are invited to the party except me. I am angry. And I dont know why they didnt invite me! What do yo

44、u think? Can you help me?T psetDear friend,I am a new student in Grade One, but my English is too bad. Yesterday I had an English test and my grade was just so so. I want to improve my English. What should I do? Could you give me some advice?Looking for helpDear _,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 【試題答案】（A）1. A （B）1. report2. D 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 2. themselves 3. because 4. much / more8. D5. So9. C 10. B6. that 7. tell8. to 9. love 參考練習(xí)答案：10. understandingPrac