英語聽力入門step-by-step-3000第一冊答案及原文（精編版）

1、. . . . 1 / 54 unit 1 part i a 1. oxford / commitment / academic record 2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science 3. first / australia / 150 years / excels 4. excellence / 17.000 / location 5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,000 6. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools 7. awards / degrees /

2、20,000 8. located / 135 / third b 1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation 2.official / language 3.one billion / 20 percent 4.four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign 5.500,000 words / eighty percent / other 6.eighty percent / computers 7.african country / s

3、ame 8.1,000 / africa 9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the united states c 1 (a) 2 ( c) 3 ( d) 4 (b ) all right, class. today we re going to be looking at different language learning styles. you may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which

4、 is necessarily better than the others. researchers have identified four basic learner “ typesthe communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. at home, they l

5、ike to learn by watching tv and videos. they like to learn new words by hearing them. in class, they like to learn by having conversations. now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and sc

6、hool. now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. they like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. they like to learn new words by seeing them. and finally, we have analytical learners. these learners like to lea

7、rn by studying grammar. at home, they like to learn by studying english books, and they like to study by themselves. they like to find their own mistakes. now, of course, it s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “ type rather than another. most of us are mixtures of styles. what type of learn

8、er do you think you are? part ii a3 gcse examinations students / higher education student/ second year / high school / collegegeneral exam / school certificate sitting university entrance examinationbachelor s degree: 3/ 4 years master s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 years wel

9、l, in britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take gcse examinations. after this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. others st

10、ay on at school for another two years to take a levels. and at the age of eighteen, after a levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that s usually for three years. well, it depends on what state you re in but most kids in the

11、 united states start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. some . . . . 2 / 54 kids go to a kindergarten the year before that. then they go on to junior high school, that s about eleven, and that s the seventh, eighth and nint

12、h grades. and then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. some students will leave school at sixteen and they ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. in the first year

13、at high school or college students are called “ freshmen , in the second they re called “ sophomores , in the third year we call them “ juniors and in the fourth year they re called “ seniors. now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree co

14、urse. some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course. well, in australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. they will stay at primary school until they re about eleven, then they ll either stay ther

15、e or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it school certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and tha

16、t if a sort of general qualification. after that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your university entrance examination, which then gives you entr e into a university or it s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education. education

17、in canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards. kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. children begin formal full-day schooling in grade 1, when they are about six years old. they must stay in school at least until they are sixteen

18、. however, most students continue to finish high school. some go to college or university. each year of schooling represents one grade. (the school year extends from the beginning of september to the end of june.) elementary school includes kindergarten to about grade 8. secondary school (or high sc

19、hool) may start in grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until grade 12. in canada, students may go to university or to a community college. if they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. for example, lab technicians, ch

20、ild-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching. universities offer three main levels of degrees. students earn a bachelor s degree after three or four years of study. a master s degree can ta

21、ke another year or two. a doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete. b1 idioms / vocabulary / french / spelling / pronunciation b2 1. f 2. t 3. f i interviewer p professor i: and now we have an interview with professor j. t. lingo, professor of linguistics at chimouniversity, who

22、 is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching english. good morning, professor lingo. p: good morning. i: i understand that teaching english is becoming “ big business all around the world. p: it seems that language schools are springing up everywhere. i: why is that? . . . . 3 / 54

23、p: with the move toward a global economy, english has become the most widely used language in the world. it is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn english to compete in those fields. i: and do people find english an easy language

24、 to learn? p: well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. english is such a hodgepodge of different languagesit s essentially germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from french, and technical words stem from latin and greek. this feature makes english f

25、airly adaptable which is a good thing for a world language but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation. i: english spelling baffles me, too. p: english also has the largest vocabulary. often there are words for the same thing, one is anglo-saxon and one from the french like “ buy which

26、is anglo-saxon and “ purchasewhich is from the french. the french word often has more prestige. i: anglo-saxon? p: that s the word for old english. the norman conquest in 1066 brought the french language to britain and helped english evolve into the english it is today. i: is there anything else par

27、ticularly difficult about english? p: well, the idioms in informal english pose a problem for some students. i: informal english? p: as with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. formal, written, as well as the different dialects british, american and canadian english. i: a

28、nd how is canadian english different from american and british? p: canadian english is closer to american in pronunciation and idiom. some of our words and our spellings do reflect british usage, however. we wouldn t use the british term “ lorry for truck, but we have kept the “ o-u-r spellings in w

29、ords such as “ honour and “ colour. i: this has been very interesting. i m afraid we re out of time. it has been a pleasure talking to you. partiiiuniversity lifea1 i. age / foreign student population ii. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hr

30、s: 1 hr today i d like to give you some idea about how life at an american university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. to be sure, the student body on a u. s. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. first of all, you will find students of all ages. although most

31、students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. students on a u.s. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. many students li

32、ve in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. so you can see

33、that one meets all kinds of people on a u.s. college or university campus. now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, i d like to talk a few minutes about what i think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like. let s begin m

34、y talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. of course, such a person never really exists, but still it s convenient to talk about an “ average student for our . . . . 4 / 54 purposes. foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared american students are when the

35、y enter a university. actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. schools in the states simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. also, mos

36、t young american university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures. what kind

37、 of academic experiences will this so-called “ average student have? the average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. if her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. many introductory undergraduate clas

38、ses are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. however, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. in these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. other kinds of classes f

39、or example, language classes will be much smaller so that students can practice language. in general, american professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. a large amount of reading and other work

40、is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don t understand. as a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class.

41、 american professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class. a2 ii. examinations / quizzes iii. graduate school / seminars / some area of interest / a research paper let s move on now to discuss student obligation

42、s in a typical american class. these obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. a syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. a good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. it will also con

43、tain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. an average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. the dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. if a paper id required, the da

44、te it is due should also be in the syllabus. the professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. for students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a li

45、ttle surprising at first. by the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. generally speaking, american professors expect regular atten

46、dance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. all this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor s office number and office hours. i have only a couple of hours left, and i d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergradua

47、te school. of course, it s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, with . . . . 5 / 54 regularly scheduled exams, etc. some

48、classes will be conducted as seminars. in a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each stu

49、dent may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade. i hope that today s lecture

50、 has given you some idea about student life on an american campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours. b2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ working outside the classroom passive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himsel

51、f how would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don t do in the classroom? he s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it. he s interested in the mistakes

52、he makes, he s not afraid to make them. he s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on? he plays with language. i ve done this chapter i know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself. he s usually passive, he won t speak up much in the classroom. he

53、ll rarely ask you why this just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn t do anything more with it. and in a test he s the one person who s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn t too sure about that after all. and peep over at his neighbor s paper. an alternative learning strategy. he invaria

54、bly decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. that s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out. that characterizes the good or bad learner? he ll do more off his own bat as well, he won t rely entirely on the teacher. he ll work out

55、side the classroom as well as in it. students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books. part iv university campus a 2. the history department 3. the psychology department 4. the library 5. the education department 6. the philosophy department 7.

56、the geography department 8. the sports ground 9. the foreign languages department 10. the chinese department 11. the physics department 12. the mathematics department 13. the chemistry department 14. the clinic 15. the auditorium 16. the administrationbuilding look at the map. at the bottom of the p

57、age, fine the gate (1). now locate 16. it is between the river and the lake, close to the main road. the building behind the administration is 15. where is 4? it s on the right-hand side of themain road, close to the river. across the main road from the library, the building by the river is 5. the f

58、irst building on the left-hand side of the main road is 7. 6 is between the education and the geography. the building at the end of the main road is 12. . . . . 6 / 54 on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the

59、main road. the building between the chinese department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the main road. next to the history department is 3. and last, 8 is behind the education, philosophy and geography departments. b robert martin / biology / next fall / six years in a pub

60、lic school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sports so i had to earn a little money to help pay my way. it sounds as if you re a pretty responsible fellow. i see that you attended two grade schools. i don t find a transcri