園林景觀專業(yè)英語2

1、Lesson 2LANDSCAPE MEANINGS point-in-time (page 15, line 1): 即時，某一時刻 setting (page 15, line 1): 環(huán)境，背景，場景場景-the place or type of surroundings where something is positioned or where an event takes place environment: the surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates ph

2、ysiological (page 15, line 3): adj. 生理學的 physio- 自然的；物理的；生理的 -ology 學/ ological adj./ -ologist psychological (page 15, line 4): adj. 心理學的，心理的 esteem (page 15, line 4)：n. & vt. 尊敬，敬重 encode /decode (page 15, line 5) vt. 編碼/解碼 code n. 密碼,代碼；法典/ en- 使處于狀態(tài)/ de- 相反 perceptual (page 15, line 5)：adj. 感

3、知的，感覺的 associational (page 15, line 6): adj. 聯(lián)想的；協(xié)會的 association n. 協(xié)會；聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系 -NBA integrate (page 15, line 8): vt. 使結合；使合并 vi. （東西）結合成整體 The stone will blend with the environment and integrate into the landscape. 石頭將與環(huán)境相融，成為風景的一部分。 interactive (page 15, line 11)：adj. 交互式的；相互作用的 inter在之間，active活躍的 in

4、tervention (page 15, line 11) n. 插手；干涉 intervene vi. inter(在之間)+ven(來)+e 來到中間干預，介入 intensify (page 15, line 13) v. 加強；變激烈 intense adj. 強烈的；緊張的；非常的；熱情的/ intensity n./ fy 動詞結尾：“使，產生”e.g. diversify beholder (page 15, line 15) n. 觀看者;旁觀者 behold(于古詩文中)- The botanical gardens were a wonder to behold. 植物園是

5、值得一看的奇觀。 The individual, for physiological purposes of survival and security, and for psychological ones of community, esteem, and self-actualization, encodes and decodes meaning from settings. 2個for并列， ones = purposes community: 團體精神 classic/ learned culture (page 15, line 17): 經典/習得文化 classical: 古

6、典的 popular/ folk culture (page 15, line 17): 大眾/民間文化，民俗 discipline (page 15, line 17): n. 學科；紀律 physical design (page 15, line 17): 實體設計 defineas(page 15, line 19): 把定義為 monument (page 15, line 20): n. 紀念碑，紀念物 monu(提醒，警告) + ment(物)提醒人們的標志物紀念碑，紀念物 patron (page 15, line 21): n. 保護人；贊助人 patr-(父親) patri

7、lineal adj. 父系的(patri +line + al)/ matrilineal peer (page 15, line 21): n. n. 貴族；同等的人; 同輩 cognoscenti (page 15, line 21): (cognoscente) 行家，鑒賞家 writ small (page 15, line 25): 縮影表示（古語writ為write的過去分詞） He defines the grand tradition of Architecture as the creation of monuments built to impress the popul

8、ace with the power of the patron, or the peer group of designers and cognoscenti with the cleverness of the designer and good taste of the patron.“ (which were) built to. 分詞短語分詞短語 impress: make (someone) feel admiration and respect 使（某人）贊賞尊敬；給以深刻印象, 使銘記 他把建筑的高雅傳統(tǒng)定義為建造紀念物，“建造它們是為了讓大眾崇敬保護者的力量，或者為了讓設計者

9、同行或鑒賞家贊賞設計者的才智和保護者的高雅品味?！?primitive (page 16, line 1): adj. 原始的n. 原始人 vernacular (page 16, line 1): n.方言；動植物的俗名 adj. 本土的，鄉(xiāng)土的 anthropologist (page 16, line 2): n.人類學家 generalist (page 16, line 4): n.通才 dwelling (page 16, line 5): n. 住所 dwell vi. 住，居留 He wants to dwell in the country. dwell on 細想；詳述 I

10、t is necessary to dwell on your past mistakes. subtly (page 16, line 8): adv. 精細地，巧妙地 matrix (page 16, line 16): n. 1. 基質(an environment or material in which something develops; a surrounding medium or structure) 2. 矩陣 patch: n. 斑塊 incomprehensible (page 16, line 16): adj. 不可理解的 The physical environ

11、ment of man, especially the built environment, has not been, and still is not, controlled by the designer. 時態(tài)的含意 in addition, the high style buildings usually must be seen 再者，我們通常必須把高品位建筑物與鄉(xiāng)土建筑基質聯(lián)系起來，并把它們放在鄉(xiāng)土建筑基質的背境中來觀察，離開了這個背境，特別是當初設計和建造它們時的鄉(xiāng)土建筑背景，實際上我們就無法理解它們。 to the exclusion of: 以至排除 Genius Loci

12、 (page 16, line 24): 地方精神，地方守護神 genius 天才，守護精靈/ locus 所在地 phenomenology (page 16, line 24): n. 現(xiàn)象學，現(xiàn)象論 phenomenon 現(xiàn)象，-ology 學 Bauhaus (page 16, line 25): n. 包豪斯學派（德國建筑之一派） promulgate (page 16, line 27): vt. 公布，傳播，發(fā)表 embrace (page 16, line 28): n. 擁抱v. 擁抱；信奉；包含 topological (page 16, line 31): 地志學的（研究

13、地形、地貌的） topo- 地方，topography 地形學 deconstructivism (page 16, line 31): 解構主義，反構主義 dismantle (page 16, line 31): v.拆開；取消；解散；除掉的覆蓋物 dis- + mantle (覆蓋物;斗篷) layperson (page 16, line 38): n. 非業(yè)界人士（lay：外行的） contend (page 16, line 39): vi.競爭，爭奪 with：Jack contended with John for the third prize in the contest.

14、 = Jack and John contended for the third prize in the contest. 抗爭 against: They have to contend against draught every year. vt. 主張；聲稱；堅決認為 strip development (page 16, line 39): （沿路）帶狀開發(fā) portray (page 17, line 1): vt. 描繪；扮演 portrait n. 肖像；描寫 heterogeneous (page 17, line 2): adj. （特征或內容）不同的，不同種類的，各種各樣

15、的 hetero-(不同)+ geneous（種類）/ heterogenous 異源的；異質的 homo-(相同)：homogenous同源的；同質的 clash with (page 17, line 2): 和沖突 discount (page 17, line 3): vt. 打折扣；貶損；低估；忽視n.折扣；貼現(xiàn)率dis+ count evocative (page 17, line 6): adj.引起記憶的, 喚起感情的 evoke vt. 喚起，引起 synergize (page 17, line 7): v. 起增效劑作用;協(xié)同加強的活動syn- rudimentary (

16、page 17, line 9): adj. 基本的；初步的（rude-） sustain (page 17, line 15): vt. 支持，支撐 sustainable可持續(xù)的 D. W. Meinig states that environment sustains us as creatures; landscape displays us as culture and landscape is defined by our vision and interpreted by our minds. sustains us as creatures把我們作為生物支撐 displays

17、us as culture把我們作為文化展示 Landscapes that people inhabit are records of, and transmit meaning about, the culture.（Landscapes that people inhabit） transmit meaning about the culture. preconsciously (page 17, line 21): adv. 前意識地 innate (page 17, line 23): adj. 天生的，先天的 overt (page 17, line 23): adj. 明顯的；蓄

18、意的 axiom (page 17, line 24): n. 公理；格言 tangible (page 17, line 25): adj. 有形的，可觸摸的 contradictory (page 17, line 30): adj. 互相對立的；互相矛盾的 contradict v. 反駁；否定；與矛盾 contra- 相反，反對 gestalt (page 17, line 32): n. 完全形態(tài) messy (page 17, line 33): adj. 凌亂的；骯臟的 autobiography (page 17, line 35): n. 自傳 auto- bio- -gra

19、phy e.g. calligraphy, geography (geo “earth”, graphy “writing”) In so doing, it is helpful to keep in mind Pierce F. Lewiss published Axioms for Reading the Landscape, which are, as he says, essential ideas underlying the reading of Americas cultural landscape. 倒置倒置 insight (page 18, line 6): n. 洞察力

20、，洞察 inner sight corollary (page 18, line 7): n. 推論；推斷 convergence (page 18, line 11): n. 匯集；相交 converge (page 18, line 12): vi. 從不同方向聚集 con together+verge incline趨于一起 diffusion (page 18, line 13): n. 擴散，散播 bias (page 18, line 15): n.偏袒；偏見；斜紋 vt. 使有偏心/偏見 adj./adv. 偏的，斜的 intelligentsia (page 18, line

21、20): n. （尤指有文化、政治影響的）知識階層，知識界 intelligent理解力強的, 有才智的, 聰明的 intelligence智力, 智慧; 理解力; 情報，情報人員 According to this axiom, a vernacular building communicates about as much concerning the culture as does an architectural monument of the grand tradition. the bulk of (page 18, line 20): 大多數(shù)長句子長句子 The corollar

22、y is that we can discover the issue that affect decisions made by others than professional designers by observing the wealth of nonacademic literature, such as The corollary is that we can discover the issueby observing the wealth of nonacademic literature the issue that nonacademic literature, such

23、 as Tom Wolfe (born March 2, 1931) is a best-selling American author and journalist. He is one of the founders of the New Journalism movement of the 1960s and 1970s. Bernard Rudofsky, a distinguished statesman of the arts (13 Apr 1905 - 12 Mar 1988), is best known for his book on vernacular architec

24、ture Architecture without Architects (1964). reinventing the wheel (page 19, line 3): “從新發(fā)明輪子”指“白費力氣做重復工作” relic (page 19, line 4): n. 遺跡，遺物 Our interpretation of the elements should be as must a response to their relation to context, as it is to the physical characteristics of the elements themselv

25、es. as must a response to, as it? 正如對這些因素的物理特性要作響應，對正如對這些因素的物理特性要作響應，對它們與情景的聯(lián)系也必須作出響應。它們與情景的聯(lián)系也必須作出響應。 notion (page 19, line 23): n. 觀念，見解 overriding (page 19, line 23): adj. 高于一切的，最重要的 acclaim (page 19, line 25): n. & v. 歡呼，喝彩 ac （加強）+ claim （聲稱，斷言，要求） uncompromised (page 19, line 26): adj. 不妥協(xié)

26、的 un- + compromised(妥協(xié)的) compromise n. & v. com + promise(允諾) recede (page 19, line 27): v. 后退；收回，歸還 This trend has progressed to the point (1)that a great number of projects (2)that receive professional acclaim are communicated during the design phases as an “uncompromised” expression of the building, on a plane of green grass (3)that recedes to infi