(完整word版)初中英語中考情態(tài)動詞考點(diǎn)及練習(xí)

1、1情態(tài)動詞【情態(tài)動詞】又叫情態(tài)助動詞。它們具有以下特點(diǎn): 它們必須與其他動詞連用，即：情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形表示說話人對所述動作的看法，如需要、可能、意愿或懷疑等。絕大多數(shù)情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，即第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s （以 be 和 have 開頭的情態(tài)動詞短語除外）。 在意義上，情態(tài)動詞具有多義性”。例：can 既可表示能力，又可表示可能、允許等意義?！厩閼B(tài)動詞的基本用法】1. can 的基本用法： 表示體力或智力上的能力，即能夠，會”，可與 be able to 轉(zhuǎn)換。例: He can speak English. = He is able to speak English.Can y

2、ou play basketball?No, I can.t如果表示 將來具備的能力，要用 will be able to。例: If I have a good sleep, I will be able to do the problem. 表示許可，主要用于口語，書面語一般用 may。例: Can we go home now, please?No, you can.tYou can only smoke in this room. You cankeep the library books for more tha n a mon th. 表示“可能”，與 may 同義，但一般用在疑問

3、句中。例: What can he possibly want?在否定句中，否定形式cant 表示推測 不大可能”。例: Anybody can make mistakes.The news can betrue.與第一、二人稱連用時(shí)，還可以就可能的解決問題的方式或可能的行為提出建議。在這里，也可用could 使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)。例：Can / Could we meet again next week? 下周我們可以再見面嗎？What shall we do? 我們怎么辦呢？We can / could try ask ing Lucy for help.-我們可以請露茜幫忙試試看。You can

4、/ could help me with the cook in g.你可以幫我做飯。2. may 的基本用法： 表示“許可”，用 can 比較口語化。例：You may / can come if you wish. 如果你想來，你就來。You may not pick flowers in this park.本公園內(nèi)不許摘花。（may not 表示按規(guī)定不許可，如果用mustn則表示說話人不許可。）May 11 smke her”?我可以在這里抽煙嗎？No, you.mustn 不行。（mustn 表示明確的禁止。） 肯定句中表示推測，“可能”。例：It may rain tomorro

5、w.明天可能會下雨。The news may not be true.這個(gè)消息可能不會是真的。注意：如果在疑問句中表示“可能”，通常用 can。例：Can it be true? 那會是真的嗎？Who can he_be? 他究竟是誰呢？ 【注意】：一 May I/we.？Yes, you ma,No, you Eustn t3. must 的基本用法：2 表示必須，強(qiáng)調(diào)說話人的主觀意志。例：I must go now, or I II be late.You must be here by ten o clock._ _【注意】：表示必須時(shí)， must 的否定式為 needn;t，或 don

6、thave to ,而不是 mustnt也就是： 一 Must I/we doit now ?Yes, you _ must .No, you |needn |/|don have to .例：一 Must I go with them?No, you_. 表示推測，一般只用于 肯定陳述句，表示非?？隙?。例：She didn t look at me. Shenust be angry.她不朝我看，一定是生氣了。He is good at En glish. He must know the word. 他英語好，準(zhǔn)知道這個(gè)詞。 You must be Mr. Jon es.想必您就是瓊斯先生

7、吧。4. have to 的基本用法：have to 可視為情態(tài)動詞，但它與其他情態(tài)動詞在用法上稍有不同。其他情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化， 而 have to卻有人稱和數(shù)的變化，要視主語的不同而變化。例：I / You / We / They have to .He / She / It has to . You don htave to ._ Does she have to ？have to =have必須，不得不”。和 must 不同之處：must 強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀需要have to 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。例：Sorry, I have to leave now.對不起，現(xiàn)在我得走了。Ive got t

8、o go to a meeti ng. 我得去參加一個(gè)會議。Will he have to work deep into the night? 他將不得不工作到深夜嗎？5. need 的基本用法：need 的基本詞義是 需要”，它既可作情態(tài)動詞，又可作實(shí)義動詞。need 用作情態(tài)動詞時(shí)，只用于否定句和疑問句。它只有一種形式，后接動詞原形。例：I don t believe yoneed worry.我相信你沒有必要焦急。Need we go so soo n?我們需要這么早就去嗎？Yes, we must. / No, we needn .t 是的，必須。/不，不必。So I needn te

9、ll him, need I? 所以我不需要告訴他，對吧？請比較以下兩句話的不同意思：You needn t bi!he coat.你沒有必要買那件外衣。(你還沒買)You needn t have bougttte coat.你沒有必要買這件外衣的。(而你卻買了) 【注意】：一 Need I/we?Yes,you must ./No, you needn tdonhave to_.need 用作實(shí)義動迥時(shí)，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。如果人作主語，一般后接帶 to 的動詞不定式。即 need to jQ sth;如果物作主語，一般后用 need to be done 或|need doing s

10、th。例如：I n eed to look up this word in the dictionary.My watch needs mending/to be mended 一 我的手表需要修理了。We don t neeto work today. (= We needn work today.) Does he n eed to go right now? (= Need he go rightno w?)36. had better 的基本用法:had better 常略作d better 現(xiàn)代語法認(rèn)為它是一個(gè)助動詞，因?yàn)樗蠼硬粠?hadbetter do sth 意思是 最好做某

11、事；還是做某事比較好”。例：You d betteget some sleep.你最好睡一會兒。You d better nodo that again.你最好別再做那件事。What had we better do now? 我們現(xiàn)在怎么做才好呢？Had nwe better tell her the truth? 我們是否最好不告訴她真相？【注意】： You d better表示勸告或委婉的命令，對長輩不宜使用。7. could, should, would, might 表示推測:1.must 多用于肯定句中表示 把握性極大的推測，意思為 一定、肯定”。如：You have worked

12、 hard all day. You must be tired. 你已辛苦工作一整天了，一定累了。The book must be his. His name is on the cover.這本書一定是他的，圭寸面上寫著他的名字。【注意】 must 不表推測時(shí)，在肯定句中意思為必須（強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)在的職責(zé)）”在否定句中意思為 不許、禁止”以它開頭的疑問句否定回答常用needn或 don t （doesn t） have to如:We must obey the traffic rules.我們必須遵守交通規(guī)則。Cars mustn t be parked here 處嚴(yán)禁停車。Must we ha

13、nd in the papers this week? 我們必須本星期交論文嗎？No, you needn不 t,你們不必（本星期交）。2.can / could 多用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中表示推測、懷疑，兩者在時(shí)間上沒有差別。用can 時(shí)不相信的程度更強(qiáng)一些，|can常常譯為 不可能”。如:The man under the tree canTbbe. He s gone to England 這個(gè)人不可能是 Tom,他已經(jīng)去英國了。Can it be true that he was fooled by a five-year-old boy? 他被一個(gè)五歲的孩子愚弄了，這能是真的嗎？

14、Could this be an excuse?這會不會是個(gè)借口？How can you be so careless! 你怎么這樣粗心 !3.may / might 多用來表示把握性不大的推測_,意思為 也許、 可能”，might 比 may的把握性更小一些。 may not 在否定句中常常譯為可能不”。（注意區(qū)分 不可能與 可能不在把握性大小上的差異。）如:Mr. Wang may know Professor Li s telephone numb 王先生也許知道李教授的電話號碼。This might be the key Tom has been looking for.這可能就是湯姆

15、一直在找的鑰匙。She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那兒。飛典型例題【中考鏈接】to 的動詞不定式。4It_ .Look, some kids are swim ming in it.A. must be true B. can t be true C. may not be true ( )6. What is your mother going to do this Saturday?I m not surShe_ go to see my grandmother.A. canB. mustC. may()7. Susan has bought a larg

16、e house with a swimming pool.It_be very expe nsive. I n ever even dream about it.A. mustB. mightC. cantD. shouldn()8. Listen! Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall?No, it _ be him. He has gone to Japan.A. needntB. may notC. mustntD. cant()9. Lets go to the West Hill Park by taxi.Oh, it is

17、 not far away from here. We_take a taxi.A. couldnt B. mustntC. needntD. cant()10. Can you play the pia no?Yes, I_. I ofte n practice it on weeke nds.A. needntB. needC. cantD. can三、課后練習(xí)一、用 can, may, must, need, have to, had better 的適當(dāng)形式填空：1. You_ return the library book on time.2. I_(not) find the wa

18、y to the hospital._ you show me the way?3. _ I finish the work right now?No, you_(not). You_ do it later.4. He said he_(not) come tonight.5. Her mother was ill. She_ stay at home and look after her.6. It s time for class. You_ stop playing football or you_be late for class7. We_start right now, or t

19、hey would get there first.8. The cloud is lifting, so it_ (not) be a rainy day tomorrow.:、選擇填空()1.Do we have to fin ish our homework this after noon?Yes, you_ .A. must B. canC. may D. n eed()2.Must I be in hospital for a week，Doctor?No，you_ . You can go back home tomorrow.A. mustntB. needn t C,HUlSl

20、()3. The desk is not dirty. You_ clean it.A. mustntB. shouldntC. needntC. cant()4.May I watch TV for a while？No, you_ . You have to finish your homework first.A. shouldnt B. needntC. mustntD. won t()5.Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening?()1. Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li?No, it_ be

21、him. Mr. Li is much taller.A. mustntB. may noC. cant()2. Must I go with them tomorrow?No,you_.A. must ntB. should ntC. need nt()3. _I take some photos in the hall?No, you_ .A. Can, needn t. Must, mustntC. Could, won()4. Dad, must I finish my homework today?No, you_ . You may do it tomorrow.A. neednt

22、B. mustnt C. dont()5. The lake is said to be dry. Is that true?D.needntD. cantt D. May, must ntD. wont5No, it_ be her. She_to Japa n.A. mustnhas gone B. mustnt ;has beenC. cant ;hasgone D. cant ;has been()6. Its the library! So you know shouting is not allowedhere.A. canB. mustC. n eedD. may()7. Boysand girls, dont forget yourreport . It_today.A. cant finish B. cant be finished C. should finish D. should be finished()8.Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning.No, he_,be