英語助動詞和情態(tài)動詞及練習(xí)

1、英語助動詞和情態(tài)動詞及練習(xí)一、 概述 不同的時(shí)態(tài)（一般式、進(jìn)形式、完成式、將來式），不同的語態(tài)（主動、被動），不同的語氣（祈使、陳述、虛擬），不同的結(jié)構(gòu)（肯定、否定、疑問），以及說話者本身的態(tài)度或命令、請求、愿望、可能等，所有這些都要借助于助動詞和情態(tài)動詞表達(dá)出來。助動詞一般沒有詞意，不能單獨(dú)作謂語動詞，除非省略句中。他們只參加時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣或否定、疑問結(jié)構(gòu)。情態(tài)動詞有詞義，可以用來表示說話者的語氣和態(tài)度。主要的助動詞和情態(tài)動詞如下表：助動詞情態(tài)動詞be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)can, could, be able tohave(has, h

2、ad , having)may mightshall, will(should, would)shall, should, （ought to）will, would do (does, did)dare, need, must二、助動詞助動詞一般沒有詞意，不能單獨(dú)作謂語動詞。其作用在于幫助構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定、疑問等。1、助動詞be（am, is, are, was, were, being, been）的用法（1） be后跟現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。Who is playing the violin?誰在拉小提琴？She was reading a book then.那時(shí)她正在讀書。（2

3、）be后跟過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。He was asked to do the work.有人要他干這件工作。You are invited to attend the meetintg.有人邀請你參加會議。（3）be 后跟不定式作謂語，有如下幾種情況：表示計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的事。Who are we to meet?我們要見誰呀？I'm to have supper with John this afternoon.今天下午我要與約翰一起吃晚飯。表示指示、命令，否定式表禁止。You are to see the headmaster today.今天你必須去見校長。You are no

4、t to enter the room without permission.未經(jīng)允許你不能進(jìn)入房間。表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任等，同should。You are to be back before 5.你得在5點(diǎn)鐘以前回來。What is to be done?該干什么。表示可能性，與情態(tài)動詞may, can同義。Such books are to be found in any library.這種書任何圖書館都有。Not a sound was to be heard.一點(diǎn)聲響也沒有。表示后來發(fā)生的事，可以用來表示命運(yùn)或注定 They say good-bye, little knowing tha

5、t they were never to meet again.他們告別了，沒想到再也不能相見了。 He was to regret the decision.他有一天會后悔做出這一決定的。用于習(xí)語Where am I to go? 我該向何處去？What am I to do? 我該怎么辦？2、助動詞have(has, had, having)的用法（1）助動詞have可以構(gòu)成完成時(shí)或完成進(jìn)行時(shí)He has been a doctor for 10 years.他當(dāng)醫(yī)生十年了。This is the place I have been longing to visit.這就是我一直渴望參觀的

6、地方。（2）和不定式構(gòu)成謂語，表示客觀上不得不做的事情。We've missed the train. We'll have to wait for another one.我們己經(jīng)誤了火車，我們只能等下一列。-Do we have to start work?我們得立刻工作嗎？-No. We don't have to.不，不必了。3、do(does, did) 的用法（1）構(gòu)成疑問句或否定句How did you know about it?你是怎樣知道這件事的。He does not smoke. 他不抽煙。（2）加強(qiáng)語氣。He did tell that.他的確

7、告訴了此事。Do come and see us.一定來看我們。（3）代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的動詞，避免重復(fù)。-You like popular music, don't you?你喜歡流行音樂，是吧？-Yes , I do.是的，我喜歡。He speaks French as fluently as she does.他講法語和她講的一樣流利。（4）用于倒裝句中。Never did he pay attention to my words.他從不注意我的話。Only then did I understand the importance of English.只是那時(shí)，我才了解到英語的重要

8、性。（5）構(gòu)成否定的祈使句。Don't be so careless.不要那么粗心。Do not hesitate to come for help.只管來求助。4、shall(should)和will(would) 的用法（1）shall(should)用于第一人稱的將來時(shí)中，單純表示來I shall think it over.我要好好考慮一下。When shall I see you again?我何時(shí)再見到你？I rang up to tell her that I should leave for London. 我打 告訴她我要去倫敦。（2）will用于第二、第三人稱的將來

9、時(shí)態(tài)中，在現(xiàn)代英語中可以用于所有人稱He will be 30 next month. 他下月將是30歲。You will have an English test tomorrow.明天你有英語小測驗(yàn)。He wanted to know when you would finish the writing.他想知道你何時(shí)完成寫作。三、情態(tài)動詞1、情態(tài)動詞的特征情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，認(rèn)為“可能、應(yīng)當(dāng)、必要”等等，但本身意義不完全，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須和其他動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。除ought, used, have后跟不定式外，其他情態(tài)動詞一律跟動詞原形。情態(tài)動詞主要有：can/c

10、ould, may/might, must, ought to, used to, need, dare, shall/should, will/would, have to等。2、情態(tài)動詞的變化形式（1）沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。I can /we can/ you can he can/she can/they can/it canJohnny, you mustnt play with the knife, you may hurt yourself.約翰，你不能玩刀，那可能會傷著你。A left luggage office is a place where bags can be left

11、 for a short time, especially at a railway station. 行李寄存處特別是在火車站短時(shí)間存放包的地方。He ought to know her address.他該知道她的地址。（2）大部分情態(tài)動詞有過去式：can-could may-might need-needed dare-dared shall-should will-would Is John coming by train? 約翰坐火車來嗎？ He should, but he may not. He likes driving his car.應(yīng)該是，他有可能不乘坐火車。他喜歡開車。

12、- Are you coming to Jeff's party? 你來參加Jeff的聚會嗎？ - I'm not sure. I might go to the concert instead. 我不敢肯定，我可能去參加音樂會。（3）少部分情態(tài)動詞沒過去式或者說過去式與原形相同，used to 只有過去式形式。must-must(had to) ought to -ought to I used to go there.我(以前)常到那里去。You must be tired after your long journey. 你走了這么遠(yuǎn)的路，一定很累。（4）大多數(shù)情態(tài)動詞后

13、面還可跟動詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)和被動式形式：can/may/must+ be doing/have done/be doneshould/would/might+be doing/have done/be doneHe must have earned a large sum of money.他一定是掙了一筆巨款。You mustnt always be talking so much.你不能總是說起來沒完沒了。3、否定式和疑問式情態(tài)動詞的否定式和疑問式同助動詞。否定式是在情態(tài)動詞后加not；疑問式是將情態(tài)動詞提前到主語的前面。情態(tài)動詞否定式簡略式canmaymustcouldmightnee

14、ddareshallwillshouldwouldoughtusedcan notmay notmust notcould notmight notneed notdare notshall notwill notshould notwould notought notused notcan'tmayn'tmustn'tcouldn'tmightn'tneedn'tdaren'tshan'twon'tshouldn'twouldn'toughtn't tousen't to-Will you

15、 stay for lunch? 你留下來吃午飯好嗎？ -Sorry, I cant. My brother is coming to see me. 對不起，我不能（留下來吃午飯），我兄弟要來看我。May I ask you a question?我可以問你一個問題嗎？I was really anxious about you. You shouldnt have left home without a word. 你真急死我了。你不該一句話也不說就離開家。注意：have to 的疑問和否定是借助于do來構(gòu)成。Do you have to go out today?今天你得出去嗎？He d

16、oesnt have to go.他沒必要去。四、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法1、can和could（1） 表能力 意為“能夠會”，表示體力或腦力等方面的能力Some of us can use the computer now , but we couldn't ten years ago.現(xiàn)在我們一些人能用計(jì)算機(jī)了，但十年前我們不能。Can you ride a bike?你能騎自行車嗎？What can I do for you?我能為你做點(diǎn)什么？I could run faster then. 我那時(shí)能跑得更快一些。當(dāng)can和could表示能力時(shí)，有時(shí)可以用be able to替換，co

17、uld表過去，can表現(xiàn)在，有時(shí)也可表將來，但不能與will, shall等助動詞連用；be able to可以用于將來、完成等時(shí)態(tài)。She hasn't been able to come to school for three days.她已經(jīng)三天沒能來上學(xué)了。With his help, we shall be able to build the house.在他的幫助下，我們將能夠建造房屋了。當(dāng)我們要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去確實(shí)使用了某種能力時(shí)，要用was（were）able to，而不用could。was able to 表示“設(shè)法干成某事”，即succeed in doing sth.或m

18、anage to do sth.而could只表示“具備某種能力”。He is such a good swimmer that he was able to save the two boys from drowning the other day.他是一位游泳健將，因此前些日子他救上了兩名溺水男孩。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 雖然大火蔓延很快，使旅館燒起來，但大家還是逃了出來。（2）表可能性I thought the story could not be t

19、rue我認(rèn)為這個故事不可能是真的。Anybody can make mistakes.人都會犯錯誤。（3）表許可（常用于口語中）。Can/Could I go now?我可以走了嗎？He said I could use the computer.他說我可以用計(jì)算機(jī)。Father said we could go to the concert.父親說我們可以去參加音樂會。-Could I borrow your dictionary? 你把字典借給我可以嗎？-Yes, of course you can. 當(dāng)然可以。（4）表驚異懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度主要用于否定句、疑問句和感嘆句中，表驚異懷疑、不

20、相信等態(tài)度。Where can/could they be now?他們現(xiàn)在能在哪兒呢？What can he mean?他會是什么意思？如果跟完成時(shí)，則表示對過去發(fā)生的事的懷疑和不肯定。could比can更加不肯定。Can he have left already?他會是走了嗎？Could she have forgotten my address?她會把我的地址忘了？It couldn't have been Xiao Wang. He has gone to the factory.那不可能是小王，他去了工廠。-There were already five people in

21、the car but they managed to take me as well. 車上本來已經(jīng)有五人，但他們還是設(shè)法把我也帶上. -It couldn't have been a comfortable journey.那次旅行不可能舒服。注意：當(dāng)說話的人對一件事表示肯定的判斷時(shí)用情態(tài)動詞must，當(dāng)說話的人對一件事持否定的態(tài)度，這種判斷用情態(tài)動詞cant或couldnt。The man with glasses must be Tom's father. They look alike. 戴眼鏡的那個人肯定是湯姆的父親。他們看起來很像。Jack can't b

22、e in the classroom. I saw him on the playground just a moment ago. 杰克不可能在教室里。我剛才看見他在操場上。“could+完成時(shí)”，有時(shí)表示“過去本能夠完成的事而沒完成”。You could have done the work better.你本來能做得更好些。（事實(shí)并非如此）You could have caught the early train.你本來能趕上早班火車。（事實(shí)上沒有）-I stayed at a hotel while in New York. 我在紐約住在一家旅館。-Oh, did you? You c

23、ould have stayed with Barbara. 是嗎？你本可與巴巴拉住在一起的。（5）表比較委婉客氣地提出請求。這時(shí)could和can沒有時(shí)間上的差別，只不過用could比用can顯得更加委婉客氣。Can you change a pound note for me , please?請你兌換一英鎊零票給我好嗎？Could you tell me the right time please?請你把準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間告訴我好嗎？2、may和might（1）表示許可或征詢對方許可。You may go now.現(xiàn)在你可走了。May I watch TV after supper?晚飯后我可以

24、看電視嗎？He said that I might use the telephone.他說我可以用 。注意：征詢許可時(shí)，might比may更恭敬有禮。may的否定形式為may not，但表示“不可以”、“阻止”等意思時(shí)常用must not(musn't)代替may not。Might I have a word with you , please?我可以和你談一談嗎？-May I take the book out of the reading-room? 我可以將這本書帶出閱覽室嗎？-Yes , you may./No, you musn't./No, you may no

25、t./No, you'd better not. 是的，可以/不，不行。（2）表可能性，有“或許、可能”之意might與may可以換用，但might表示較多的懷疑、更加不肯定、語氣更委婉。He may/might be English.他可能是英國人。They may/might have a lot of work to do.他們可能有許多工作要做。Peter may come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. 皮特今晚可能和我一起來，但他還沒定。注意：may表可能一般不用于疑問句，在疑問句中通常用can/might,

26、或者以be likely to結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)。Can it be true?這可能是真的嗎？What can she be thinking of?她可能在想些什么？Might I make a suggestion?我可以提個建議嗎？Is he likely to win the match?他有可能贏這場比賽嗎？（3）"may/might+完成時(shí)"，表示對過去事情的推測，might比may更含蓄，委婉，或更加不肯定。Sorry, Im late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep ag

27、ain. 對不起，我可能是把鬧鐘關(guān)掉了又睡著了。She may/might have gone to the library.她可能到圖書館去了。She may/might have missed the plane.她也許沒趕上飛機(jī)。（4）"might+完成時(shí)"表示過去本可以干的事而沒干。You might have told me earlier!你本來可早點(diǎn)告訴我。（而沒告訴，表責(zé)備）You might have been more careful.你本來可以多加小心。（而沒有）巧記表“推測”的情態(tài)動詞用法肯(can)不肯？妹(may)不問，媽媽(must)肯定不否問

28、。（5）用于表目的或讓步狀語從句中。She was studying English so that she might read English books.她正在學(xué)習(xí)英語，以便能閱讀英文書籍。He died in order that others might live. 他為了別人而犧牲了。（6）表祝愿（不能用might）。May all our dreams come true.愿我們夢想成真。May that day come soon.愿這一天早日到來。3、must和have to （1）must表示“必須”，“應(yīng)該”。否定式must not(mustn't)表示“不應(yīng)該”

29、，“不許可”，“不準(zhǔn)”,“禁止”等。在回答帶有must的問句時(shí)，否定式常用need not(needn't)或don't have to 表示“不必”，而不用must not (mustn't)。The work must be finished as soon as possible.這件工作必須盡快完成。You mustn't speak like that.你不能那樣說話。Must I be home before eight o'clock? 8點(diǎn)之前我必須回家嗎？Yes, you must./No, you needn't./No, y

30、ou don't have to. 是的，必須回家。/不，不必了。（2）must表推測，一般只用于肯定句中，譯成漢語“一定”，“必定”。There must be some mistakes.肯定有一些錯誤。You must be very tired.你一定很累了。如果表示對過去事情的推測，就用"must+完成時(shí)"。You must have left your umbrella in the theatre.你一定把雨傘丟在劇院里了。His car is still here. He must have gone by bus.他的車還在這里，他一定乘公共汽車走

31、了。當(dāng)must表推測之意時(shí)，其否定形式常用can not而不用must not。He can't have been to your home. He doesn't know your address.他不可能到過你家，因?yàn)樗恢滥愕淖≈贰hat can he be doing at this time of night?夜晚都到這個時(shí)候了，他究竟在干什么呢?（3）must表必然性You must catch cold if you don't put on more clothes.如果你不多穿些衣服，必然感冒。 All men must die.人固有一死。

32、Truth must be out.真相總會大白。（4）have to表示“必須”，“不得不”，在這個意義上與must很接近，但must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而have to 表示的卻是客觀需要。I have to go now.我得走了。（客觀需要）I must go now.我必須走。（主觀看法）You have to work hard to make a living.為了謀生你就得努力工作。（客觀需要）You must do what I tell you.你必須按照我告訴你的去做。（主觀要求）（5）have to 有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式：現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去時(shí)，將來時(shí)等，而must只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)

33、形式。We had to be there at 8.我們得8點(diǎn)到那里。I shall have to go to school tomorrow.明天我得去上學(xué)了。（6）have to 不能代替表推測的must，但在虛擬條件句中用had had to+動詞原形表示與過去相反的情況。You must be joking.你一定是在開玩笑。（不能用have to）If I had had to do the work, I should have done it in a different way.如果我不得不做這項(xiàng)工作，我會以不同的方式去做。（不能用must）If I had had to

34、run the factory, I would have had it run by able men.如果我得管理那家工廠的話，我就會讓能人來管。（不能用must）4、ought to（1）ought沒有人稱或時(shí)態(tài)的變化，后跟帶to的不定式。常譯作“應(yīng)該”，“應(yīng)當(dāng)”等，和should同義，只是口氣稍重一些。其否定式為ought not to (oughtn't to )，疑問式為Ought I /you to?You ought to start at once你應(yīng)該立刻出發(fā)。Such things ought not to be done.這種事不應(yīng)該干。-Ought he to

35、 go? 他應(yīng)該走了？-Yes, he ought to.是的，應(yīng)該走了。（2）表可能性Mary ought to be home by now.瑪麗這會兒該是到家了。There is a fine sunset. It ought to be a fine day tomorrow.今天有晚霞，明天應(yīng)該是個好天。It ought to be a fine day tomorrow morning.明天旱晨大概是個好天氣。（3）表示沒有履行過去的義務(wù)時(shí)，用“ought to +完成時(shí)。You ought to have told me about this earlier.(But you d

36、idn't)你本來應(yīng)該早一點(diǎn)把此事告訴我。（但沒有）I ought to have written that letter yesterday.(But I didn't)我本應(yīng)該昨天寫那封信。（但我沒寫）It ought to have been done long ago.這事早該做完的。5、used to used to只有一種存在形式,一般過去式。具體用法如下：（1）在肯定句中，表示現(xiàn)在己經(jīng)不再發(fā)生，不復(fù)存在的過去的行為或存在的狀態(tài)。He used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day.他過去每天抽20支煙。There used to be a bu

37、ilding there.那里曾經(jīng)有座大樓。（2）used to 通常只能跟不定式，但偶爾也能跟進(jìn)行時(shí)，意思一樣。He used to be always making jokes.他過去總愛開玩笑。（3）在疑問句、否定句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，可以有兩種形式：Used you to go to work by bike?Did you use to go to work by bike?你過去常騎車上班嗎？He usedn't to smoke as much as he does now.He didn't use to smoke as much as he does now. 他過

38、去不像現(xiàn)在抽這么多煙。I certainly used to play football, but it was a long time ago.I certainly did use to play football, but it was a long time ago.我過去的確常踢足球，但那是很久以前的事了。（4）在反意疑問句或簡略回答中，也有兩種形式：John used to be very fat, didn't he/usedn't he?約翰曾經(jīng)很胖，是嗎。Used you to live in Shanghai?你過去曾住在上海？Yes, I did/ I u

39、sed to.是的。（5）used to 與would的區(qū)別：情態(tài)動詞used to 和would都可以表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作，但有下列不同點(diǎn)：used to 表示確定的過去時(shí)間，不需與確定的過去時(shí)間連用，而would一般與時(shí)間狀語連用。used to 含有與現(xiàn)在相比較的意思，而would沒有。He used to get up early.他過去常常早起。(現(xiàn)在不早起了)The old man would go to the park every day to have morning exercises.那位老人以前每天都去公園晨練。（沒有與現(xiàn)在相比較的意思）used to 指過去反復(fù)發(fā)生或

40、持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作，而would僅指過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，不指持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作；另外，used to 既表動作還表狀態(tài)，而would只表動作不表狀態(tài)，因此下列句中的used to 不能用would代替。People used to think that the earth was flat.人們過去認(rèn)為地球是平的。She used to be very nervous in the exam.她以前考試常常很緊張。used to 表客觀事實(shí)，would則表示一種意愿。When he lived by the sea, he used to suffer diseases.他住在海邊時(shí)，經(jīng)常有病。（us

41、ed to 不能換成would）There used to be a small village here.這里曾經(jīng)有一個小村莊。6、daredare作情態(tài)動詞表示“敢”，主要用于否定句、疑問句和感嘆句，無詞形變化，單數(shù)第三人稱不加-s。（1）通常用于否定句和疑問句，其用法同其他情態(tài)動詞。She daren't even look out.她甚至不敢向外看。Dare you go to school by yourself?你敢獨(dú)自一人去上學(xué)嗎？How dare you say I am unfair?你怎么敢說我不公平!I dare not sleep in that room ag

42、ain.我再也不敢睡在那房間了。（2）dare在下列情況下，也用于肯定句中。句子含有否定意義或疑問意義時(shí)。I hardly dare think of it.我簡直不敢想這事。He asked me whether I dare swim across the river.他問我是否敢游過河。I wonder how he dared say that to the teacher.我不知道他怎么敢那樣和老師說話。在簡略答語中。You daren't climb that tree, dare you?你不敢爬那棵樹，對嗎？Yes , I dare. 不，我敢。狀語從句中。I won&

43、#39;t allow you to swim across the river, even if you dare do it.即使你敢，我也不愿你游過河去。（3）dare既表現(xiàn)在和將來，也表過去。Alice was afraid and dare not go. 艾麗絲害怕，不敢去。注意：從上下文看不出具體時(shí)間時(shí)，通常不用情態(tài)動詞dare，而用實(shí)義動詞的過去時(shí)。She dared to go.她敢去。She didn't dare(to)go.她不敢去。7、need（1）表示 "必要;必須"，通常用于否定句和疑問句Need he work so hard? 他需

44、要這么用功嗎？You needn't worry about it. 你不必為此擔(dān)憂。I hardly need say how much we missed you. 不必說我們多么的想念你。（2）在肯定句中，它被must或have to 取代。Need I come? 我需要來嗎？Yes, you must/have to.需要。You needn't see him, but I must /have to.你不必去看他，但我必須去。（3）“need+一般式”，通常表現(xiàn)在和未來，有時(shí)也可指過去。She need not come. 她不必來。（現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚￤e were

45、told that we needn't do that.我們被告知不必做那事。（過去）Need she go yesterday?她需要昨天走嗎？（過去）如果從上下文看不出具體時(shí)間時(shí)，通常不用情態(tài)動詞need表過去，而用實(shí)義動詞need的過去時(shí)或had to表示。She didn't need to come.She didn't have to comeShe had not to come.她不必來。（4）“need+完成時(shí)”表示過去不必做而實(shí)際做了的事。You needn't have hurried.你本不必這么匆忙。Peter needn't

46、 have done it yesterday.彼得昨天本不必做這件事。8、shall（1）用在疑問句中，用來征求對方意見或請求指示或向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh，用于第一、三人稱。 Shall I tell John about it? 咱們把這件事告訴John好嗎？ No, you needn't. I've told him already. 你不必了。我已經(jīng)把這件事告訴他了。Where shall I wait for you?我在哪里等你。Shall we start the meeting now?我們現(xiàn)在開會好嗎？Shall those books be sent over t

47、o you at once?那些書立即給你送過來嗎？（2）用于第二、三人稱，可表示說話者的一種決定、允許或威脅。If you work hard, you shall have a holiday on Sunday.如果你努力工作，星期天就可以休假。（允許）She shall do it, whether she wants or not.不管她愿意不愿意，她必須做這件事。（決定）He shall suffer for this.He shall pay you what he owes you.他必將自食其果，他欠的債一定得還。（威脅）9、should（1）表“勸告、建議”時(shí)，可譯成“應(yīng)該

48、”，這時(shí)可用ought to替換。You should keep your promise.你應(yīng)該遵守諾言。Young people should learn how to use computers. 年輕人應(yīng)該學(xué)如何應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)。（2）表示委婉陳述自己的意見。I should think you are right.我想你是對的。I should advise you not to go now.我勸你現(xiàn)在別走。（3）表示驚異贊嘆、憂慮、惋惜、歡欣、不滿等情緒。Why should you think so?你為何這樣想呢？（不滿）It's strange that it shoul

49、d be so hot today.很奇怪，今天怎么這么熱。（驚奇）It's wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years.這幾年你們有了這樣大的成績，真了不起。（贊嘆）（4）表推測 意為“可能，該”，表示對現(xiàn)在情況、將來情況的推測。They should be home by now.他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)郊伊?。The book you need should be in our library.你需要的那本書我們圖書館應(yīng)該有。Its nearly seven oclock. Jack should be her

50、e at any moment.現(xiàn)在快要七點(diǎn)了，杰克隨時(shí)會到。-When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. 我什么時(shí)候能取照片？明天下午要用。- They should be ready by 12:00.明天12點(diǎn)前應(yīng)該能沖好。（5）“should+完成時(shí)”，在肯定句中，表示應(yīng)完成而實(shí)際未完成的事情；如果用在否定句中，則表示發(fā)生了不應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)生的事件。I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I should have written it out for her.我和薩

51、麗說了怎樣來這里，或許我應(yīng)該給她寫清楚。You should have stopped at the red light.你見了紅燈本應(yīng)該停車。（未停）You should not have gone back to work without the doctor's permission.你未經(jīng)醫(yī)生許可不應(yīng)該回去工作的。（回去了）10、will（1）表意志、意愿、允諾，可用于多種人稱。I will tell you all about it.我愿告訴你一切。（意愿）We'll help him if he asks us to.如果他讓我們幫忙，我們一定會幫的。（表意志）Co

52、me whenever you will.你隨時(shí)都可以來。（允諾）If he will come into the hall, the meeting will begin soon.請到大廳來，會議快要開始了。If you will make another try, I shall do everything possible to help you.如果你愿意再試一次的話，我愿意盡一切可能幫助你。Say who will, nobody believes it.不管他說什么也沒人相信。（2）用于第二、第三人稱的疑問句中，表詢問或請求。I'm going to the librar

53、y.Will you go with me? 要去圖書館，你愿與我一起去嗎？（詢問）Will you give him a message when you see him? 見到他時(shí)，請給他個信好嗎？（請求）（3）用于第二、三人稱表推測。That man with the book will be Mr. mith.拿書的那個人可能是史密斯先生。You will remember the story I told you the other day.你大概還記得我那天給你們講的故事。（4）有時(shí)表示一種習(xí)慣性動作，常用于第三人稱。Fish will die out of water.魚離開水就

54、不能活。She will sit there for hours doing nothing.她往往會坐在那兒幾小時(shí)，什么也不干。11、would（1）would是will的過去式，表示過去時(shí)間的意志、意愿、決心，用于各種人稱。They said they would help us.他們說他們愿意幫助我們。I promised that I would do my best. 我承諾我決心盡最大努力。（2）would表示說話人的意愿或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱?，語氣比will婉轉(zhuǎn)，仍指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。Would you like some bananas?你喜歡吃香蕉嗎？I'd like to see

55、 your new bike.我希望看看你的新自行車。Wouldn't it be better to leave tomorrow?明天離開是不是更好？（3）表示過去習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動作(與used to有區(qū)別，見used to)。When he was there, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. 他在那里時(shí)，他每天下班后都到拐角處那家咖啡店去。The old worker would often go to the park to play chess.那位老工人過去常去公園下棋。S

56、he would come to see me now and then.她時(shí)常來看我。（4）表示推測。That would be his father.那大概是他父親。You would be about 10 years old then.你那時(shí)大概10歲左右。12、had better(best)+動詞原形，would rather+ 動詞原形+than +動詞原形,would rather+虛擬式叢句 had better(best)+動詞原形意為“最好”，否定形式had better not,疑問句把had放在主句前。這個結(jié)構(gòu)用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，通常用于所有人稱。We'd

57、 better not invite him.我們最好不要邀請他。You'd better stay at hospital for another few days.你最好在醫(yī)院再住幾天。Better have the operation right now.你最好還是現(xiàn)在就動手術(shù)。Had he better set off at once? 他馬上動身好嗎？would rather意為“寧愿，寧可”，后接動詞原形，否定式為would rather not, 疑問句把would放在主語前。Would ratherthan 意為“寧愿而不”，than后面接動詞原形（不帶to），woul

58、d rather 后面接從句時(shí)要用虛擬式。Which would you rather do, go to cinema or stay at home? 你是去看電影還是待在家里？He would rather die than surrender. 他寧死不投降。I would rather you hadnt lent her the bike the other day.我寧愿你前些日子不借給他自行車。I would rather he stayed at home.我寧愿他呆在家中。五、“情態(tài)動詞+be doing”的用法1、推測或評論某動作是否正在進(jìn)行Our teacher must be correcting our