高一定語(yǔ)從句教案以及習(xí)題(附答案)

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)一：定語(yǔ)從句（一）定義1)在復(fù)合句中（一個(gè)句子的某一成分由句子承當(dāng)），修飾某一名詞或代詞從句叫定語(yǔ)從句或形容詞從句；在句中起定語(yǔ)的作用. 2)被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞antecedent 1) the man who lives next to us is a policeman. 先行詞關(guān)系代詞定語(yǔ)從句2) you must do everything that i do. 先行詞關(guān)系代詞定語(yǔ)從句(二)：關(guān)系代詞的作用; 1.連接主句和從句。2.代表被修飾的先行詞。3.在定語(yǔ)從句做一個(gè)句子成分。eg. this is the room which i lived

2、in last year. 先行詞關(guān)系代詞定語(yǔ)從句(三)：定語(yǔ)從句中有關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose, which, that, as. 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why 等引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。（四）：用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞起代詞的作用，關(guān)系副詞起副詞的作用，因此同樣的先行詞，選用什么樣的關(guān)系詞，要由它在定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)任的邏輯作用來(lái)決定。關(guān)系代詞詞行先行詞充當(dāng)成分who 人主、賓、表whom 人賓that 人&物主、賓、表which 物主、賓、表as 物主、賓學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載whose=of whomof which 人&物定語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞when=atinon

3、during which 時(shí)間狀where=atinto which 地點(diǎn)狀why=for which 原因狀that 在口語(yǔ)中可以代替關(guān)系副詞以上三者狀表語(yǔ) ：是謂語(yǔ)的一部分，它位于系動(dòng)詞如be 之后，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)。一般由名詞，代詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語(yǔ) 。this is the place where we work. （ vi.） (關(guān)系詞所做的成分關(guān)鍵是有從句中的動(dòng)詞來(lái)決定的) this is the place which we visited. (vt. ) 做主語(yǔ) the trees which are on t

4、he school campus have lost their leaves. 做賓語(yǔ) the student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school. 做表語(yǔ) jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be. 做定語(yǔ) she has a brother whose name i cant remember.做狀語(yǔ) the school where he studied is in shenzhen.1.在定語(yǔ)從句中，that 和 which 用來(lái)指代物。eg：this i

5、s the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest. 2.在定語(yǔ)從句中，who 用來(lái)指代人。eg：i am going to see a friend who has just come back from the uk. 3.當(dāng) who 在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用whom 來(lái)取代，且whom 比 who 更正式。eg：i don t know the name of the teacher who/whom i saw in the computer room theother day. 4.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做賓

6、語(yǔ)時(shí)，who，whom，which 和 that 可以被省略。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載eg：he likes all the birthday presents(that/which)his friends gave him. 5.whose 用來(lái)表示所屬，它既可指人也可指物。eg：i sat next to a girl whose name was diane. the club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every saturdayafternoon.（五）：限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1二者差異比較限

7、制定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞，同先行詞之間一般不加逗號(hào)，僅修飾先行詞， 可以由關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系副詞或that 來(lái)引導(dǎo)。 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句僅作補(bǔ)充或說(shuō)明，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個(gè)主句，不可用that 引導(dǎo)。限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句從句與先行詞的關(guān)系從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如果省去，主句的意思就會(huì)不完整或不明確。從句只是對(duì)先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整標(biāo)點(diǎn)從句和主句之間不用逗號(hào)分開從句和主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開關(guān)系代詞指人 who (that) whom 指物 which (that) 人和物 whose 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省去指人who （作主

8、語(yǔ)）whom（做賓語(yǔ)）指物 which 人和物的 whose 關(guān)系代詞一般不可省學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載修飾從句只修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞可以修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞也可修飾整個(gè)主句翻譯定語(yǔ)從句譯在被修飾詞的前面定語(yǔ)從句通常被譯成另一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子限制性非限制性形式上無(wú)逗號(hào)有逗號(hào)內(nèi)容上先行詞不是唯一的先行詞是唯一的，定語(yǔ)從句可有可無(wú)。關(guān)系詞可用 that ,why.作賓語(yǔ)可以省略不可用 that ,why。關(guān)系詞一律不省。先行詞名詞或代詞名詞或代詞，也可以使整個(gè)句子漢語(yǔ)翻譯譯作定語(yǔ)譯成并列句（六）關(guān)系代詞that 和 which 的區(qū)別 只能用 that 的情況(1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anythi

9、ng, something, nothing, everything, little, none ，few.等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用 which 。例如：all the people that are present burst into tears. everything that we saw was interesting. i m interested in everything that i don t know.all that is needed is a supply of oil. (2) 如果先等詞被all ,little none any, only,

10、few, much, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用 that,不用 which. 例如： i read all the books that you gave to me. this is the only money that i have in my pocket. all the money that was collected was given to the hope project. 學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載(3) 如果先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾或者先行詞是最高級(jí)時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用 which 。this is the first book that

11、 was written in english. this is the last factory that i visited. this is the best film that i have ever seen. this is the funniest thing that i ever heard. (4) 如果先等詞被the only ,the very , the same ,the last 修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用 which. this is the only book that i really like. he was the only person in t

12、he office that was invited to the ball. (5) 先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。而不用who, which. 例如：the boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. he talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. (6)who ,which 開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句中，關(guān)系代詞用that. who is the person that is standing there? which of

13、us that knows english doesn t know this?which of the novel do you like best? (8) 先行詞是奇數(shù)詞或是序數(shù)詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that . yesterday i caught two fish. now you can see the two that are still alive in the basin of water. (9) 當(dāng)主句“ there be “開頭時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用that 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾該句型的主語(yǔ)。there are four desks in the middle of the offi

14、ce that are used for the teachers. 當(dāng)先行詞是 way 、moment 、time 等時(shí)用 that ，且常省略。who 做先行詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用that; 只能用which 的情況1) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。如：there are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated. 學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載bei jing , which is china s capital, is ric

15、h in culture.2)those/that +名詞后的定語(yǔ)從句用which 引導(dǎo)。不能用關(guān)系代詞that。that pen which he took is mine. a shop should keep those goods which sells well. 3) 介詞后只用which this is the room in which he lived. i don t know the man to whom you talked.the chair on which he is sitting is made of wood. (4) which 還有一種特殊用法，它可以

16、引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which 可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，不用that.例如：he succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy. (5)先行詞是that 時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞要用which. what s that which flashed in the sky just now?(6) 關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，益用關(guān)系代詞which. here is the english grammar book which, as i have told you,

17、 will help to improve your english. 只用 who, whom. 而不用 that 的情況(1) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, those, ones等時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用who 或 whom，不用which .that 。例如：is there anyone here who will go with you? people all like those who have good manners. （ 2）當(dāng)先行詞是指人的集合名詞時(shí)，如果作這個(gè)名詞著眼于集體的整體

18、，關(guān)系代詞用which; 若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用who。mr. smith came to visit my family, who were watching tv then. our class, which is a very good one, was praised again at the meeting. (5) 當(dāng)先行詞是一個(gè)限定性的表示人的特定名詞時(shí)，常用who 學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載the aunt/uncle who came to see us last week is my brother s sister. 補(bǔ)充當(dāng)先行詞為by the time ,any time

19、, the way, every time, the first time ,the last time 時(shí)，關(guān)系詞不用when 而用 that.或省略this is the last time that i shall give you a lesson. the first time i saw him was in 1980 by the time he was 14 he had learned advanced mathematics 但如果 time 前無(wú)修飾語(yǔ) ,關(guān)系詞用 that when 均可3. 當(dāng)先行詞為way 時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用in which ,that, 或省略 . th

20、is is the way that/ in which / 不加he smiles. one of the 與 the one of the 做先行詞時(shí)謂語(yǔ)不一致。li bai is one of the greatest poets that have lived in china. li bai is the one of the greatest poets that has lived in china. （九） as 與 which 是有區(qū)別的a) 相同之處：都可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代前面的主句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容。which 可做賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)he failed once more

21、 in the match, which was a great pity. he succeeded in the composition, which made his parents very happy. b) 區(qū)別：1） as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面中間或后面，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，但which 所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。例如：1) as we all know, galileo s theory of falling objects is right.= galileo s theory of falling objects, as we

22、 all know, is right= galileo s theory of falling objects is right, as we all know. 2) as is expected, the england team won the football match. 3) the earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone. 4) he was late again, which made me unhappy 學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載2.）as 有“如”、“正如”、“像”、“正像”的含義，which 沒(méi)有。后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是

23、 see, know, expect, say, mention, report 等。our team won the game, which made us happy. as is known to all, taiwan is part of china. 3.) as 在引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句多與such 或 the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。the same as such .asthis is the same story as he told me. i hope to get such a book as he is using 4).as 也可單獨(dú)使用，引導(dǎo)非限

24、制性定語(yǔ)從句，作用相當(dāng)于which?？纱硪粋€(gè)句子。例如：the elephant s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.5).as 做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后必跟系動(dòng)詞，而which 無(wú)此限制the meeting was put off, as was what we wanted. he was murdered, as seemed true. 補(bǔ)充put away v.放好 ,整理好 ，拋棄put on v 穿上put up v.舉起，進(jìn)行 , 提供 ,表現(xiàn)出 , 建造 , 提名 , 推舉put off v. 推遲 , 拖延 , 脫掉put int

25、o v. 使進(jìn)入 , 把.翻譯成put down v. 放下 , 拒絕 , 記下 , 制止put out v.放出 , 生產(chǎn) , 消除 , 打擾put in 插話系動(dòng)詞1）狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞be 2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 3）表像系動(dòng)詞seem, appear, look, 4）感官系動(dòng)詞feel, smell, sound, taste, 5）變化系動(dòng)詞become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 6）終止系動(dòng)詞prove, turn out6）the same as 與 the same

26、.that 的區(qū)別：前者修飾的是原物同樣的而后者修飾的就是先行詞學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載this is the same watch as i lost.這和我丟的那一只手表是一樣的。this is the same watch that i lost. 著就是我丟的那一只手表。1. nearly all the streets are in straight lines, _ from east to west. those _ run from north to south are called avenues. a. running; that b. run; who c. running; w

27、ho d. run; that 2. this is the case _ hes had all his money stolen. a. when b. where c. that d. on which 3. mr. smith will pay a visit to beijing this autumn, _ we will enjoy the olympic games in 2008. a. where b. when c. which d. how 4. the artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint

28、anything _ . a. that the little girl asks him b. the little girl asks him to c. for the little girl to ask him d. what the little girl asks him 5. how did you get in touch with the travel agent, robin? oh, thats easy. i surfed the internet and then called one _ the telephone number is provided. a. w

29、hich b. in which c. of which d. whose 6. october 15 th is my birthday, _ i will never forget. a. when b. that c. what d. which 7. the treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely. a. when b. where c. which d. whose 8. there are several research cente

30、rs in china _ a certain disease called bird flu is being studied. a. which b. where c. when d. what 9. i hope that the little _ i have been able to do does good to them all. a. which b. what c. that d. when 10. the time is not far away _ modern communications will become widespread in chinas vast co

31、untryside. 學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載a. as b. when c. until d. before 11. _ is known to everybody, taiwan is a part of china. we must unify it. a. it b. as c. which d. what 12. i shall never forget the day _ shen zhou v was launched, _ has a great effect on my life. a. when, which b. that, which c. which, that d. whe

32、n, that 13. the bread my wife makes is much better than _ you can buy at a store. a. that which b. one that c. that of which d. this of which 14. there is no such place _ you dream of in all this world. a. that b. what c. which d. as 15. the people, _ had been damaged by the flood, were given help b

33、y the red cross. a. all whose homes b. all of whose homes c. all their homes d. all of their homes 16. the humans are destroying nature day by day, _ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. a. who b. when c. on which d. which 17. is this research center _ you visited the mod

34、ern equipment last year? a. where b. that c. the one that d. the one where 18. some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old _ they swam in it. a. when b. that c. who d. where 19. the man showed us so heavy a stone _ no man can lift. a. that b. as c. which d. and 20. he stayed there fo

35、r quite a long time, during _ time he learned much spoken english. a. that b. this c. which d. same 21. he bought the car for more than $20, 000, _ his father was angry. a. about that b. with as c. when d. with which 學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載22.i have two grammars, _are of great use. a. all of which b. either of whi

36、ch c. both of that d. both of which 23. last summer we visited the west lake, _hangzhou is famous in the world. a. for which b. for that c. in which d. what 24.i shall never forget those years _ i lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. a. when; who b. that; which c. whi

37、ch; that d. when; which, 25. this machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. a. after which i have looked b. which i have looked after c. that i have looked after d. i have looked after 26.the reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. a. why; that b.that;why c. for that;that d.for which;what

38、 答案與解析：1. a. 主語(yǔ)與 run( 延伸 )是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。those 指街道，所以不用who而用 that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2. b. 因?yàn)樵诖祟}中where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，表示“在這種種況下”，與in which相當(dāng)。3. a. 因?yàn)橄刃性~是beijing而不是 this autumn所以用 where 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。4. b. 答案 b 是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語(yǔ)從句， 另外，to 后還省略了動(dòng)詞原形paint 。5. c. 因?yàn)?of which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作定語(yǔ)。of which the telephone number = whose teleph

39、one number。6. d. 因?yàn)檫@是個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是前面一句話的內(nèi)容。7. b. 因?yàn)楸硎尽半A段、程度、地步”的the point在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。8. b. 因?yàn)橄刃性~是research centers并在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，所以用where 。9. c. 因?yàn)楫?dāng)先行詞是表示事物的all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing等時(shí)，多用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。10. 因?yàn)橄刃性~是the time，且在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，所以用when 引導(dǎo)。此題的先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句被主句謂語(yǔ)分開了，要善于辨別。11. b. 先行詞是taiwan is a part of china整個(gè)主句，一般由as 或 which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但 which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后，