中考英語專項6.情態(tài)動詞講解及習(xí)題(共10頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上初中英語情態(tài)動詞用法詳解【情態(tài)動詞知識梳理】情態(tài)動詞有具體的詞義，但也同助動詞一樣，需要與其他詞語一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語，另外情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動詞后必須跟動詞原形。考點一：can，may，must等情態(tài)動詞在陳述句中的用法：1. can的用法：（1）.表示能力、許可、可能性。表示能力時一般譯為“能、會”，即有種能力，尤其是生來具備的能力，此時may和must均不可代替它。如：She can swim fast, but I cant . （2）.表示許可，常在口語中。如：You can use my dictionary. （3）.表示推測，意為“可能”，

2、常用于否定句和疑問句中，此時cant譯為“不可能”。如：Can the news be true?No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.2. could的用法：（1）.can的過去式，意為“能、會”，表示過去的能力。如：He could write poems when he was 10. （2）. could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時could沒有過去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?Could I use your pen?Yes, you can.（注意回答）3.

3、 may的用法：（1）.表示請求、許可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike? You may go home now. (2) .表示推測，談?wù)摽赡苄?，意為“可能，或許”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow . She may be at home. (3) .may的過去式為might，表示推測時。可能性低于may。如：He is away from school. He might be sick. (4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可譯為“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如：May you have a good time. M

4、ay you be happy! May you succeed！4. must的用法：(1).must表示主觀看法，意為“必須、一定”。如：You must stay here until I come back. Must I hand in my homework right now? (2)其否定形式mustnt表示“一定不要” “千萬別” “禁止,不許”.如：You mustnt play with fire. You mustnt be late.（3）對must引導(dǎo)的疑問句，肯定回答為must，否定回答為neednt 或dont have to .如：Must I finish

5、my homework?No, you neednt. (4)must表示有把握的推測，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.注意其反意問句的構(gòu)成形式：當(dāng)must表示肯定的判斷、推測時，其反意疑問句要用實際問句的助動詞來構(gòu)成。如：She must have seen the film before，hasntshe?(注意反意疑問句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didnt you? (注意反意疑問句的后半部分)5. need的用法：（1）.nee

6、d表示需要、必須，主要用于否定句和疑問句中，其否定形式為neednt，意為“沒有必要，不必”。用need提問時，肯定回答為must，否定回答為neednt或dont have to。如：Need I stay here any longer?Yes, you must .No. you neednt /dont have to.(2).need還可以作實義動詞，此時有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，如果是人作主語后邊多接動詞不定式。如：I need to do it right now. 如果是物作主語，一般用need doing與need to be done這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點：.主動形式的動名詞d

7、oing具有被動的含義；.該動名詞可以改為其動詞不定式的被動形式而句子的意義不變。例如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 6. dare的用法：dare意為“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need，有兩種詞性：（1）dare作為情態(tài)動詞，多用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中，無第三人稱單數(shù)形式，只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。如：Dare he tell them what he knows? I darent ask her will you do it for me?（2）dare作為實義動詞，此時有人稱、數(shù)及時態(tài)的變化。如

8、：He doesnt dare to break his promise.注意：口語中，dare的各種形式常與不帶to的不定式連用。如：Do you dare tell her what I said?7. shall的用法：shall表示征求對方意見（多用于第一、三人稱），如：Shall we go out for a walk?8. should的用法：（1）.should意為“應(yīng)該”，可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。如：We should protect the environment.（2）Should have done表示對過去動作的責(zé)備、批評。如：You should have

9、finished your homework.9. will的用法：will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多種人稱。如：I will help you if Im free this afternoon.10. had better的用法：had better意為“最好”，沒有人稱的變化，后面接不帶to的不定式，其否定形式為：had better not。如：We had better go now.考點二：含有情態(tài)動詞的疑問句的回答:1.對may引出的問句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes,you may. Yes, of course.Yes, certainly.Sure .No, you mu

10、stnt. No, you cant.2.對must引出的疑問句，回答方式為：Yes, must. No, neednt/ dont have to.3.could在疑問句中，表示委婉的語氣，此時could沒有過去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?Could I use your pen?Yes, you can.（注意回答）4. shall引出的疑問句用于第一人稱，表示征求對方意見或客氣的請求。其回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, please.All right.No, thank you.5.would you的回答方式有以下幾種：Yes, I will. (No

11、, I wont.)Sure . (Im sorry , I cant.)All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .)Yes, please.考點三:不同情態(tài)動詞的否定意義也不同：1.（1）.cant可譯為“不會”，如：I cant play basketball.（2）當(dāng)句子表推測時，用cant表達(dá)不可能，如：He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.（3）cant還可用來回答“ May I ? ”這樣的問句。如：May I come in ? No, you mustnt.

12、 / cant.（4）cant還可用于固定習(xí)語中。cant help doing禁不住，情不自禁cant wait to do something迫不及待地要做2. may的否定式為may not，譯成“可能不”，如：He may not be at home.3.（1）mustnt表示不許，不可。如：He mustnt leave his room.(2) mustnt也可用于以may表示要求時的否定回答中。如：May I stand here?No, you mustnt (cant).4.（1）neednt意為“不必”。如：You neednt meet him unless youd

13、like to.（2）neednt + have+動詞的過去分詞，表不需要完成但已完成的動作，暗含時間或精力上的浪費。如：You neednt have bought it.你沒必要買它（但你卻買了）。5. shouldnt表示不應(yīng)該。如：You shouldnt feel so unhappy over such little things.考點四:情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞+ be + done (動詞的過去分詞)。做題時要兼顧情態(tài)動詞和被動語態(tài)這兩個方面?？键c五:情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法:一、“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”表示對現(xiàn)在的推測。1、can表示推測時一般用

14、于否定句或疑問句。如：That man cant be her husbandshe is still single.2、must表示肯定的推測，一般用于肯定句中。如：He must be in his office now.3、might表示推測時不一定是may的過去時，只是表示其可能性較小。如：The man may be the headmaster.4、Could表示推測時，語氣can比要弱，說話者留有余地。如：Could it be an animal?It could not be，because it is not moving.5、Should表示推測的可能性比較大，僅比mus

15、t的可能性小一點。如：It is already 10 oclock now they should be there.二、情態(tài)動詞表示對過去可能發(fā)生的動作或存在過的動作的推測性用法。1、“must +have done/been-”表示“過去一定發(fā)生過某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)”，不用于“musnt+have-”形式。如：She must have seen the film before，hasntshe?(注意反意疑問句的后半部分)2、“should +have done /been-”表示“本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事，而實際上并沒有做”；“shouldnt+完成式”表示“本來不應(yīng)當(dāng)做，而實際上卻做了”。以

16、上結(jié)構(gòu)常帶有說話者的責(zé)備的感情色彩。如：You should have finished your homework earlier (but in fact you did not finish it on time).3、“neednt+完成式”表示“本來沒有必要做某事，而實際上卻做了”。如：There was plenty of time. She neednt have hurried .4、“cant /couldnt+have done /been-”表示“過去不可能發(fā)生了某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)”。如：I saw him just now. He cant have gone to

17、Japan.5、“could+have done/been-”表示“過去本來能夠，可以做某事或成為某種狀態(tài)，而實際上沒有”，說話者有些遺憾。6、“may/might+完成式”表示“過去可能，本來可以于某事而實際上沒有干”，might的可能性較小，語氣較弱。如：He may have finished reading the book. 【情態(tài)動詞易混點歸納】易混點一: can和be able to:兩者表示能力時用法相同，但can只有原形“can”和過去式“could”兩種形式，在其他時態(tài)中要用be able to來表示。另外be able to常常指經(jīng)過努力，花費了時間和勞力之后才能做到某事

18、。易混點二:can和may1. can和may均可用來征求意見或許可，意為“可以”，一般可互換使用。如：Can/ May I help you ? 我能幫助你嗎？2. can和may表示可能性時的區(qū)別：1)在肯定句中用might，may，must，不用can2)在疑問句中表示推測用can，不用might，may，must3)在否定句中用cant（不可能），不用may，must。如：She may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里。Where can they be now?他們現(xiàn)在可能在哪兒？That cant be true.那不可能是真的。易混點三: may be和

19、maybe 用法區(qū)別 常用位置may be may為情態(tài)動詞，be為動詞原形 句中，作謂語maybe 副詞，大概、也許，相當(dāng)于perhaps 句首，作狀語例如：He may be wrong , but Im not sure.也許他錯了，但我也不確定。易混點四：cant和mustnt1. cant根據(jù)其基本用法可譯為：（1）不會。如：I cant speak English .我不會說英語。（2）不能。如：We cant do it now because its too dark.天太黑了，我們現(xiàn)在干不了。（3）否定句中表示推測?！安豢赡堋保纾篢he man cant be our te

20、acher because he is much younger than our teacher.。2. mustnt意為“禁止、不許”，用來表達(dá)命令，表示強烈的語氣。如：You mustnt play football in the street. Its too dangerous.易混點五：must和have to1.must側(cè)重于個人意志和主觀上的必要。have to側(cè)重于客觀上的必要，可用于現(xiàn)在時、過去時和將來時。易混點六: used to do / be used to doing / be used to do/ be used for doing sthused to do表

21、示過去常常發(fā)生的動作，強調(diào)過去，只用于過去；而be used to doing意為“習(xí)慣做”；be used to do意為“被使用去做,”為被動語態(tài)形式。be used for doing sth“用作”練習(xí)題一1. -Mum， may I watch TV now？-Sure， but you _ help me with my English.A. can B. may C. must D. could2. -_ I download the article again？-No，you needn't.A. Shall B. Will C. Must D. Can3. -Can

22、you go skating with us this afternoon？-Sorry， I can't. I _ take care of my little sister at home.A. can B. may C. would D. have to4. -Must I hand in my exercise book today？-No， you _.A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. won't5. -May I have a word with you？-No， you _. I'm busy to

23、day.A. needn't B. wouldn't C. don't have toD. can't6. -_I have your English name， please？-Yes， Helen. H-E-L-E-N.A. Must B. May C. Will D. Need7. -Who is the boy over there？ Is it John？-No， it _ be him. John is much taller.A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn't8. -Can y

24、ou play Frisbee， Jay？-Yes， I _. It's easy.A. must B. can C. need D. may9.-You must come back every month. -Yes， I _.A. will B. must C. should D. can10. She _ know the answer， but I'm not sure.A. maybe B. may be C. may D. must11. - Must we clean the room right now？- No， you. You clean it afte

25、r lunch.A. needn't；may B. needn't;mustC. Mustn't； can D. mustn't；may12. John_ come to see us tonight， but he isn't very sure yet.A. may B. can C. has to D. must13. Children _ play with fire.A. mustn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. needn't14. -_ I come in， Mr Green？-Yes

26、,come in， please.A. Must B. Need C. Will D. May15. -Must I finish the work today？-No， you _. You _ finish it tomorrow.A. mustn't； may B. can't； canC. needn't； may D. needn't； must練習(xí)題二1. _ I go out to play now，Mum? No，you_ AMay，shouldnt BCan，neednt CMust，cant DMaymustnt 2. Help m

27、e with this case_ you? Adont Bwill Cdo Dshall 3. They started early that morning in order that they_ there before noon Amight get Bmay get Cwould get Dgot 4. A teacher do every exercise，but a pupil_ Aneednt，must Bmay not，must Cneednt, neednt Dcant, must 5. If you _ do as I tell you，you_ go

28、 to the party Acan，shant Bwill, wont Cwont，shall D wont, shant Awill Bwould Cdo Dcan 7. Dont believe himHis story _ be true Amustnt Bneednt Cshouldnt Dmay not8. -She must have gone back to the valley -No, she _ . The entrance to it was nowhere to be found Amustnt Bneedn't Ccouldnt Dhad

29、nt 9. You need not do it at once,_? Aneednt you Bmustnt you Cdont you Dneed you  10. He must be in the classroom_ he? Amustnt Bcant Cisnt DCan11. Lets go to the libraryshall we? _ ANo，I cant BYesI will CYes，thank you DNo，Wed better not 12. You ought to have called him yesterday Yes, I

30、 know I_ Aought to Bought to have Cought to have done Dought to have called13. -Why did you keep it a secret from me? -I _ about it Ashould be told Bought to have been told Cshould have told Dought to be told 14. The work _ be finished in such a short time Awasnt able to Bcouldnt Cought Dcould&

31、#160;15. He looks very tiredHe _ to bed too late last night Amust go Bmust have gone Ccould go Ddidnt go16. The door _ lock Acant Bmay not Cwont Dmustnt17. As a soldier，you _ do as the head tells you Awill Bshall Cmay Dought 18. How _ you be so careless? Acan Bwill Ccould Dmay 19. I talked for

32、a long time，and in the end I_ make her believe me Acould Bcan Cmust Dwas able to20. Did you scold him for carelessness ? Yes，but _ it AId rather not do BId rather not have done CI shouldnt do DId better not do 21. He neednt come to attend the meeting_ ? Adidnt he Bdoesnt he Cneed he Dmust

33、he22. Fish _ die without water Awill Bshould Cshall Dmust 23. Wed better hurryOur teacher _ us Await for Bmust wait for Cmust be waiting for Dhas waited for 24. I saw him leave the room an hour agoHe _ at this time Amustnt be working Bcant be working  Ccant work Dmay not being working

34、25. _ basketball every day? ADid you used to playing BDid you use to play CUse you to play DUsed you play26. Why_ you keep on troubling me with such questions while I am busy ? Acould Bcan Cmust Dwill 27. -You were driving at 100km an hour, sir -But officer，I_ ，my car cant go more than 90. Amay

35、 not have been Bcouldnt have been Cwould have been Dneednt have been28. You _ call him if you want to，but you_ ，for hell surely come here soon Acan，neednt Bmay, mustnt Chave to，neednt Dcan, doesnt need29. At last he _ finish the work ahead of time Acould Bwas able to Ccould have done Dwould have bee

36、n able to 30. There must be some enemy soldiers in the forest. _ any behind the church? AMust there be BShould there be CMay there be DCan there be31. The shy girl_ dance before so many strangers， _she? Adarent，does Bdarent，dare Cdoesnt，dare Ddare notDares 32. “When _ he leave the hospital

37、?” I asked the doctor Awill Bshall Ccan Dmay 33. -They havent finished the work up to now -Well，they_. Ashould have Bshould Cought to Dought have34. The money was soon spent，so she _ go hungry Amust Bhad to Cmight DShould35. Jack studied hard and _ pass the examination Acould able to Bwould Cwa

38、s able to Dought 36. You dont look well，you _ have a fever Amight Bcan Cshall Dshould37. You are running a fever，you _ to see the doctor Aneed go Bmust have gone Cshould go Dcan go 38. I _ take the jobNo one _ stop me Awill，can Bcan，must Cmust，can Dwill, must 39. There used to be a hi

39、gh tower here，_ ? Awas there Bwasnt there Cused there Dusednt there40. Whenever the teacher was not there, the children _ make a lot of noise Awill Bwould Cwere to Dwere going to41. He must be shy, _ he? A. A   must Bmustnt Cis DisntB 42. I must do it, _ I?  Ado Bdont Cmust Dmust

40、nt43. You did not go to the party yesterday, or I _ you. Awould see Bcould meet Cmight have seen Dmight see44. -How do you like the food here? -Oh，excellent! We _ a better hotel Acant find Bwont find Cmustnt have found Dcouldnt have found 45. -We were waiting for you this time yesterday -Sorry，

41、I _ you to tell you that I couldnt come. Amust have called Bwould have been calling Ccould have been calling Dshould have called46. -Would you mind returning the book tomorrow? -_ AOk，I will BSure, I wouldnt CYes，I wouldnt DWhy, I wouldnt47. See whos there! _ it be Mary? AMay BMust CCan DWill 48. My little son _ out a1one at night Adares not go Bdares not to go Cdare not to g