專業(yè)英語完整版

1、一、詞匯 1. 英譯中 1、engine 發(fā)動機 2、 piston 活塞 3、crankshaft 曲軸 4、clutch 離合器 5、chassis 底盤 6、 automobile 汽車 7、body 車身 8、 light vehicle 輕型車9、heavy commercial vehicle 重型商務(wù)車 10、 truck deck 行李箱蓋 11、hood （發(fā)動機）罩 12、 power unit 動力裝置 13、compression stroke 壓縮行程 14、transmission 變速器 15、camshaft傳輸凸輪軸 16、propeller shaft 傳動

2、軸 17、power train傳動系 18、carburetor 化油器 19、 washer 墊圈 20、steering system 轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng) 21、suspension system 懸架系統(tǒng) 22、braking system 剎車系統(tǒng) 23、torque converter 變矩器24、timing gear 正時齒輪 25、 final drive 主減速器，后橋 26、differential差速器 27、 internal combustion engine 內(nèi)燃機 28、electrical equipment 電氣設(shè)備 29、drive shaft 傳動軸 30、bra

3、ke shoe 制動蹄 31、 flywheel 飛輪 32、 steering column 轉(zhuǎn)向柱 33、 leaf spring 鋼板彈簧 34、 coil spring 螺旋簧 35、water jacket 水套 36、air bag 氣囊 37、oxygen sensor 氧氣傳感器 38、overhead-camshaft 頂置凸輪軸 39、 multiplex bus 多路傳輸總線 40、throttle valve 節(jié)氣門 41、exhaust pipe 排氣管 42、torsion bar 扭桿 43、differential gear 差動齒輪 44、distributo

4、r 分電器 45、toe-in 輪胎前束 46、sun gear太陽輪 47、planetary gear 行星齒輪48、regulator調(diào)節(jié)器 49、axle shaft 半軸 50、valve timing 氣門正時 51、 front suspension 前懸架 52、intake valve 進(jìn)氣門 53、kinetic energy 動能 54、retarding braking 緩速移動55、 connecting rod 連桿 56、engine block發(fā)動機缸體 57、gasoline engine 汽油機 58、 drum brake 鼓式制動器 59、service

5、 braking 行車制動60、combustion chamber 燃燒室 61、steering wheel 轉(zhuǎn)向輪 62、air cooling 空氣冷卻 63、spark plug 火花塞 64、starter 起動機 65、 alternator 交流發(fā)電機 66、valve system 閥門系統(tǒng) 67、 valve clearance氣門間隙 68、valve timing 氣門正時 69、valve train 氣門傳動 70、 gear ratio 傳動比 71、 inline engine 直列發(fā)動機 72、distributed system 分布系統(tǒng) 73、varied

6、 cylinder count 可變的氣缸數(shù) 74、 excess-air factor 過量空氣系數(shù) 75、air-fuel ratio 空燃比76、diesel engine 柴油發(fā)動機 77、 parking braking 駐車制動 78、disc brake 盤式制動 79、 fuel pump 燃料80、thermostat 節(jié)溫器 81、air-fuel mixture 混合空氣燃料 82、 steering box轉(zhuǎn)向器 83、shock absorber 減振器 84、swept volume 有效容積 85、clearance volume 余隙容積 86、 intake

7、manifold 進(jìn)氣總管 87、cylinder sleeve 氣缸套 88、piston ring活塞環(huán) 89、crankcase 曲軸箱 90、universal joint 萬向節(jié) 91、liquid cooling液體冷卻 92、cylinder head 氣缸蓋 93、 weak mixture 稀混合氣 94、rich mixture 濃混合氣 95、induction stroke 進(jìn)氣行程 96、compression stroke壓縮行程 97、 power stroke 做功行程 98、 exhaust stroke 排氣行程 99、 engine lubrication

8、發(fā)動機潤滑 100、compression ratio 壓縮比 101、 filter 濾清器 102、sliding-mesh transmission滑動嚙合變速器 103、controller area network(CAN) 控制器局域網(wǎng) 104、constant-mesh transmission 常嚙合變速器 105、 synchro-mesh transmission 同步嚙合傳動 106、 windscreen wiper 風(fēng)窗刮水器 107、seat-belt 座椅安全帶 108、continuously variable transmission 無級變速器 109、fr

9、ont wheel drive 前輪驅(qū)動 110、 anti-theft system 防盜系統(tǒng) 111、brake by-wire 線控制動 112、 fault-tolerant 容錯 113、engine capacity 發(fā)動機容量 114、steering system 轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng) 115、charging system 充電系統(tǒng) 116、 passenger inertial restraint system 慣性約束系統(tǒng) 2、英文縮寫1汽油直接噴射 GDI 2廢氣再循壞EGR 3自動變速器AT 4防抱死制動系統(tǒng)ABS5多用途汽車MPV 6上止點TDC 7前輪驅(qū)動FWD 8電子穩(wěn)定性

10、程序ESP9車輛識別號VIN 10電動助力轉(zhuǎn)向EPS 11液力助力轉(zhuǎn)向HPS 12多點燃油噴射MPI 13手動變速器MT 14運動型多用途車SUV 15下止點BDC 16全輪驅(qū)動AWD 17電子控制模塊ECM18診斷故障代碼DTC 19牽引力制動系統(tǒng)TCS 20三元催化轉(zhuǎn)換器TWC 21車載診斷裝置OBD 22電子式氣閥控制EVC 23無級變速器CVT 24電液制動EHB 25機電制動EMB 26控制器局域網(wǎng)絡(luò)CAN 27曲軸箱強制通風(fēng)PCV 28汽車工程學(xué)會SAE29智能型可變配氣正時和氣門升程VTEC 30電子控制燃油噴射EFI 31怠速控制ISC32歧管絕對壓力MAP 33專業(yè)維修工具S

11、ST 34車輛控制模塊VCM35內(nèi)部局域網(wǎng)LAN 36汽車工程師協(xié)會SAE 37空調(diào)AC 38絕對壓力傳感器APS 39電控制動力分配EBD 40電子點火提前角ESA 41無線遙控門鎖 RKE 42國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)機構(gòu)ISO 43全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)GPS 44混合動力電動汽車HEV 45低排放汽車LEV 46發(fā)光二極管LED 47液晶顯示器LCD 48原裝設(shè)備制造廠 OEM 49頂置凸輪軸OHC 50頂置氣門OHV 51輔助約束系統(tǒng)SRS3. 連線 1).Common Rail Injection System 共軌燃油噴射系統(tǒng) 2).Electronic valve control 電子式氣閥控制 3

12、).Turbo Charger System 渦輪增壓系統(tǒng) 4).0verhead Camshaft Valve Train 頂置凸輪軸氣閥傳動 5).Carburetor Fuel System 化油器式燃油系統(tǒng) 6.Three-way Catalytic Converter 三元催化轉(zhuǎn)化器 7).Exhaust-gas recirculation 廢氣再循環(huán) 8).brake fluid reservoir 制動液貯存箱 9).Evaporative Emission Control 蒸發(fā)排放控制 10).fail-safe mode 失效安全模式 2、 判斷對錯 ( ) 1. Autom

13、obile parts can be grouped into three major categories: body, engine and chassis. ( ) 2. BDC is the position of the crank and position when the piston is farther from the crankshaft. ( ) 3. Engine capacity is the swept volume of all the cylinders. ( ) 4. Bore is the internal diameter of the cylinder

14、. ( ) 5. Gasoline engine is called a compression-ignition engine. ( ) 6. Diesel and gasoline engine are both internal-combustion engines. ( ) 7. The three most harmful emissions are hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides. ( ) 8. In engines there are two methods of cooling: air cooling and

15、liquid cooling. ( ) 9. Alternator in the vehicle only produces electricity to operate the various electrical circuits. ( ) 10. When the driver turns the steering wheel ，the steering gear is centered. ( ) 11. Stroke is the distance between BDC and TDC. ( ) 12. If engine combustion occurs within the p

16、ower chamber, the engine is called an external combustion engine. ( ) 13. TDC is the position of the crank and piston when the piston is farther away from the crankshaft ( ) 14. Diesel is called a compression-ignition engine. ( ) 15. Diesel engine has higher compression ratio than gasoline engine. (

17、 ) 16. The engine acts as the power unit. ( ) 17. The vehicle is classified as rear-wheel drive front-wheel drive, four-wheel drive or all-wheel drive. ( ) 18.When a vehicle is cornered the axle shaft can maintains its driving action. ( ) 19. Exposed to the air, drum brakes radiate the heat to the a

18、ir better than disc brakes. ( ) 20. There are two types of transmissions-manual and automatic. ( ) 21. In an automobile, the electrical voltage is created by chemical action in the storage battery and by magnetic induction in the alternator. ( ) 22. The chassis includes the power train, steering, su

19、spension, and braking system. ( ) 23. Swept volume is the volume between TDC and BDC. ( ) 24. Clearance volume is the volume of the space above the piston when it is at TDC. ( ) 25. Compression ratio = ( swept volume + clearance volume)/( clearance volume). ( ) 26. The spark-ignition engine operatin

20、g strokes are induction stroke, compression stroke, power stroke and exhaust stroke. ( ) 27. The purpose of the lubrication system is to circulate oil through the engine. ( ) 28. Rear-wheel drive has advantages over front-wheel drive. ( ) 29. In order to reduce the speed of the vehicle, the brakes h

21、ave to convert the kinetic energy to chemical energy. ( ) 30. Since 1976, all cars have used disc brakes on the front wheels. ( ) 31. Non-power brakes rely on the driver's foot pressure to operate. ( ) 32. The rear suspension is more complicated than the front suspension. ( ) 33. When dischargin

22、g, PbO and Pb in the Lead-acid battery react with H SO to form PbSO . ( ) 34. The charging system uses the mechanical energy of the engine to generate electricity. ( ) 35. Passenger restraint systems consist of air bag and seat-belt tightening system. 三、語句英譯中 1. The internal combustion engine is mos

23、t common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline and diesel. 內(nèi)燃發(fā)動機最常用的，它是通過燃燒發(fā)動機氣缸內(nèi)的液體燃料獲得動力。有兩種類型的發(fā)動機：汽油發(fā)動機和柴油發(fā)動機。 2. A power train can include a clutch for manual transmission or a torque converter for automatic transmiss

24、ion, a transmission, a drive shaft, final drive and differential gears and driving axles. 動力傳動系包括一個供手動傳輸?shù)碾x合器或自動傳輸?shù)牧剞D(zhuǎn)換器、變速器、傳動軸、主減速器和差速器、驅(qū)動軸。 3. The charging system provides electrical energy for all of the electrical components on the vehicles. The main parts of the charging system include: the bat

25、tery, the alternator, the voltage regulator, a charging warning and wiring. 充電系統(tǒng)為車輛上的所有電氣元件提供電能。充電系統(tǒng)主要包括：電池、交流發(fā)動機、電壓調(diào)節(jié)器，充電報警指示燈和形成電路的導(dǎo)線。4. The engine has hundreds of other parts. The major parts of engine are engine block, engine heads, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft and valves. The other part

26、s are joined to make system. These systems are the fuel system, intake system, ignition system, cooling system, lubrication system and exhaust system. 發(fā)動機有數(shù)百個零件。主要零件有發(fā)動機缸體，發(fā)動機缸蓋、活塞、連桿、曲軸和閥。其他的零件也形成了這一系統(tǒng)。這些系統(tǒng)是燃料系統(tǒng)、進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)、點火系統(tǒng)、冷卻系統(tǒng)、潤滑系統(tǒng)和排氣系統(tǒng)。5. The engine block is the basic frame of the engine. All othe

27、r engine parts either fit inside it or fasten to it. It holds the cylinders, water jackets and oil ·galleries. The engine block also holds the crankshaft, which fastens to the bottom of the block. .發(fā)動機缸體是發(fā)動機的基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。所有其他發(fā)動機零件要么裝在缸體內(nèi)，要么固定在缸體上。它承裝氣缸、水套和油道。發(fā)動機缸體還承裝固定于發(fā)動機體的底部的曲軸。6. The piston is an im

28、portant part of a four-stroke cycle engine. Most pistons are made from cast aluminum. The piston, through the connecting rod, transfers to the crankshaft the force created by the burning fuel mixture. 活塞是四沖程循環(huán)發(fā)動機的重要組成部分。大多數(shù)活塞是用鑄鋁制造的。通過連桿，活塞把燃燒燃料混合氣產(chǎn)生的力傳遞到曲軸上。7. An electronic valve control system rep

29、laces the mechanical camshaft, controlling each valve with actuators for independent valve timing. The EVC system controls the opening and closing time and lift amount of each intake and exhaust valve with independent actuators on each valve. 電子氣閥控制系統(tǒng)替代機械凸輪軸，用執(zhí)行器控制每一個氣閥使它能獨立的氣閥正時。電子閥控制系統(tǒng)用每個氣閥上的獨立執(zhí)行器

30、控制進(jìn)氣閥和排氣閥的打開和關(guān)閉時間和提起量。8.The diesel is used for the majority of heave vehicles and the excellent fuel economy makes it an attractive alternative to the petrol engine for light commercial vehicles, delivery vans and taxis. 柴油用于大多數(shù)重型汽車，極好的燃料經(jīng)濟(jì)性使它成為一個吸引人的替代品相對于輕型商務(wù)車、和出租汽車。9.A diesel engine has no distri

31、butor, spark plugs, or spark plugs. The fuel is ignited by heat produced by compressing the air in the cylinders. For this reason, the diesel is called a compression-ignition engine. 柴油發(fā)動機沒有分電器、火花塞或火花塞線。燃油通過氣缸內(nèi)壓縮空氣產(chǎn)生的熱點火。因此，柴油發(fā)動機又叫做壓縮點火發(fā)動機。10. The final difference between the gasoline and diesel eng

32、ines is in the way the fuel is injected. The fuel injection system is the most important part of the diesel engine.汽油和柴油發(fā)動機之間的最后的差別在于燃油的噴射方法。燃油噴射系統(tǒng)是柴油發(fā)動機的最重要部分。11. Some form of cooling must be provided to take away the heat from the cylinder and working parts of an engine. This heat comes from combu

33、stion of the fuel and from friction between rubbing parts. 某些形式的冷卻裝置必須被提供用來帶走發(fā)動機氣缸或者工作部件產(chǎn)生的熱量，這些熱量來自燃料的燃燒和活動部件的摩擦。12. Liquid cooling system consists of several interdependent parts that function together to maintain proper engine temperatures. The parts include: radiator, fan, coolant recovery syste

34、m, coolant pump, water jacket, thermostat, pressure cap, soft plugs. 液體冷卻系統(tǒng)包括一些互相依存的部分一起工作去維持發(fā)動機合適的溫度。這些部分包括:散熱器、風(fēng)扇、冷卻劑回收系統(tǒng)、冷卻泵、水套、節(jié)溫器、壓力感應(yīng)器、軟塞。13. The purpose of the lubrication system is to circulate oil through the engine. An engine must have a good lubrication system. Without it, the friction he

35、at from the contact of the moving parts would wear the parts and cause power loss. 潤滑系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)是保證潤滑油在發(fā)動機內(nèi)循環(huán)，一個發(fā)動機一定要有好的潤滑系統(tǒng)。沒有它，活動部件之間的摩擦生熱會損害部件和引起動力損失。14. The function of the power train of an automobile is to provide the forces necessary for locomotion. The forces are produced by the conversion in the

36、 IC engine of the chemical energy in liquid fuels into the energy of motion. 汽車傳動系的功能是為運動提供必要的動力。動力通過內(nèi)燃機內(nèi)部液體燃料的化學(xué)能向運動能量的轉(zhuǎn)變而產(chǎn)生。15. A dry clutch performs two tasks: 1) it disengages the engine from the transmission to allow for gear changing, 2) it is a means for gradually engaging the engine to the d

37、riving wheels. 干摩擦離合器執(zhí)行兩個任務(wù)：1.它使發(fā)動機從變速器中脫離出來來允許齒輪的改變，2.它使發(fā)動機逐漸與驅(qū)動輪嚙合。16. To start the engine, the driver must depress the clutch pedal. This disengages the transmission from the engine. To move the car, the driver must reengage the transmission to the engine. 為了起動發(fā)動機，駕駛員必須踩離合器踏板，這使變速器從發(fā)動機中脫離出來，為了使汽車

38、運動，駕駛員必須使變速器和發(fā)動機重新嚙合。17.An automatic transmission is a device that provides gear reduction, with resulting multiplication of torque. The gear ranges are automatically selected to provide the most efficient operation and the best torque output. 自動變速器是一個提供齒輪減速，用乘法改變扭矩的設(shè)備。齒輪范圍是被自動的選擇用來提供最有效的操作和最好的扭矩輸出。

39、18. Automatic transmissions have three basic systems - a torque converter, a gear system and a hydraulic system. These fit together in a unit that fastens directly behind the engine. 自動變速器有三個基本系統(tǒng)變矩器，齒輪系統(tǒng)和液壓系統(tǒng)。這些被安裝在同一裝置中且被直接固定在發(fā)動機后面。19. When a vehicle is cornered the inner wheel moves through a shor

40、ter distance than the outer wheel. This means that the inner wheel must slow down and the outer wheel must speed up. 當(dāng)車輛轉(zhuǎn)彎時，內(nèi)輪移動的距離相對于外部的車輪更短。這意味著內(nèi)部的車輪必須減速外部的車輪必須加速。20. The service braking system and the parking braking system have separate control and transmission devices. The service braking syste

41、m is normally foot-operated, while the parking braking system is hand-operated.行車制動系統(tǒng)和駐車制動系統(tǒng)有單獨的控制和傳動裝置。行車制動系統(tǒng)正常用腳操作，而駐車制動系統(tǒng)則用手操作。 21. Electrohydraulic braking systems are designed to allow electronic control of vehicle braking while retaining a reduced hydraulic system. 電液制動系統(tǒng)被設(shè)計出來允許電子控制汽車制動然而保留了液壓

42、系統(tǒng)。 22. The ABS prevents the wheels from locking when the vehicle is overbraked. The vehicle therefore retains its directional stability and steer ability even under emergency braking on a slippery road surface. ABS預(yù)防車輪被鎖死當(dāng)車輛過度制動時，汽車會因此保留它的方向穩(wěn)定性和可控制性即使在滑的路面的緊急制動的情況下。 23. While the steering system ma

43、y look complicated, it works quite simply. When a driver drives a car straight down the road, the steering gear is centered. The gear holds the linkage centered so that the wheels and tires point straight ahead.盡管轉(zhuǎn)向系看上去很復(fù)雜，但它工作相當(dāng)簡單。當(dāng)駕駛員駕駛車輛直行時，轉(zhuǎn)向齒輪居中。該齒輪保持中位，車輪向前直行。 24.The steering system must guara

44、ntee easy and safe steering of the vehicle: it must be possible to turn the front wheels into the position corresponding to a turning circle with a radius of 12m within a maximum of 6s. .轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)必須保證車輛容易地和安全地轉(zhuǎn)向：它要能夠盡可能的使前輪在最多6秒之內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)動到轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑為12米的圓的相應(yīng)位置。 25. The purpose of the suspension system is to prevent

45、large shocks, caused by the wheels striking bumps in the road, being passed to the vehicle occupants and components; otherwise discomfort and damage would occur. 懸架目的是防止車輪撞擊路上障礙物時，傳到乘客和車輛組件的巨大震動。不然，不舒適感和危害將會出現(xiàn)。 26. The front suspension is more complicated than the rear suspension. This is because th

46、e front wheels must move in several different directions. The wheels must move up and down with the suspension and tum left to right with the steering. 前懸架比后懸架更加的復(fù)雜，這是因為前輪需要向幾個不同的方向移動。車輪必須隨著懸架上下移動，并且伴隨著轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng)左右轉(zhuǎn)動。四句子中譯英1汽車的主要組成部分包括車身、發(fā)動機、底盤和電氣設(shè)備。The main parts of the vehicle including engine, chassis,

47、 body and electrical equipment.2底盤包括傳動系統(tǒng)，懸架，轉(zhuǎn)向部分以及制動系統(tǒng)The chassis includes the power train, suspension, steering and braking systems.3如果發(fā)動機燃燒發(fā)生在汽缸內(nèi)，該氣缸稱為發(fā)動機內(nèi)燃機.If engine combustion occurs within the power chamber, the engine is called an internal combustion engine.4活塞本身,它的環(huán)和活塞銷一起稱為活塞總成.The piston it

48、self, its rings and the piston pin are together called the piston assembly.5現(xiàn)代的汽油汽車的壓縮比大概為9：1.Modern gasoline engine have compression ratios of about 9:1.6柴油汽車的壓縮比在18：1到22：1之間.Diesel car engines have compression ratios between 18:1 and 22:1.7四沖程發(fā)動機的工作循環(huán)包括四個活塞行程 Four stroke engine cycle consists of f

49、our piston strokes.8柴油機稱為壓燃式發(fā)動機。The diesel is called a compression-ignition engine.9汽油機稱為點燃式發(fā)動機。The gasoline is called a spark-ignition engine.10有兩種類型的冷卻方式：空冷和液體冷卻。There are two methods of cooling: air cooling and liquid cooling.11有兩種類型的變速器：手動和自動。There are two types of transmissions-manual(MT) and a

50、utomatic(AT).12傳動軸將變速器主軸輸出的動力傳遞給主減速器的小齒輪。The propeller shaft transmits the drive from the transmission main shaft to the final drive pinion .13當(dāng)前使用的三種類型的制動系統(tǒng)：行車制動系統(tǒng)，駐車制動系統(tǒng)以及額外的緩速制動系統(tǒng)。The three types of braking systems are in use today: service braking system, parking braking system and additional re

51、tarding-braking system.14現(xiàn)代轎車采用兩種類型的制動器：鼓式制動器和盤式制動器。Two types of brakes are used in modern cars: drum brakes and disc brakes.15.在制動時，防抱死制動系統(tǒng)能夠避免車輪抱死。ABS can prevent wheels from locking up during braking.16 大多數(shù)重型商用車采用循環(huán)球式轉(zhuǎn)向器。Most heavy commercial vehicles use the recirculating ball type of steering g

52、ear.17現(xiàn)代轎車采用獨立前懸架。Modern cars use an independent front suspension.18后懸架的作用是支撐后部的重量。The purpose of the rear suspension is to support the weight of the rear of the vehicle.19.現(xiàn)代許多轎車采用發(fā)動機前置前驅(qū)布置方式。Many modern cars have front-engine front-drive layouts.20在汽車懸架系統(tǒng)中，有三種基本類型的彈簧：螺旋彈簧，鋼板彈簧和扭桿彈簧。There are three

53、 basic types of springs in automobile suspension coil spring leaf spring and torsion bars. 5. 段落英譯中1. Engine Operating Principles Most automobile engines are internal combustion, reciprocating 4-stroke gasoline engines, but other types have been used, including the diesel, the rotary ( Wankel ) the

54、2-srtoke, and stratified charge. Reciprocating means up and down or back and forth, it is the up and down action of a piston in the cylinder block, or engine block. The block is an iron or aluminum casting that contains engine cylinders and passages called water jackets for coolant circulation. The