數(shù)學(xué)英文詞匯大全

1、微積分第一章函數(shù)與極限Chapterl Function and Limit 集合set元素 element 子集 subset 空集 empty set 并集 union 交集 intersection 差集 differenee of set 根本集 basic set 補(bǔ)集 complement set 直積 direct product 笛卡兒積 Cartesian product 開區(qū)間 open interval 閉區(qū)間 closed interval 半開區(qū)間 half ope n in terval 有限區(qū)間 finite in terval 區(qū)間的長(zhǎng)度len gth of a

2、n in terval無(wú)限區(qū)間 infinite in terval 領(lǐng)域 neighborhood 領(lǐng)域的中心 centre of a n eighborhood 領(lǐng)域的半徑 radius of a n eighborhood 左領(lǐng)域 left neighborhood 右領(lǐng)域 right neighborhood 映射 mappingX 至i Y 的映射 mapping of X ontoY 滿射 surjection 單射 injection一一映射 on e-to-one mapp ing 雙射 bijection算子 operator 變化 transformation 函數(shù) fun

3、ction 逆映射 in verse mapp ing 復(fù)合映射 composite mapp ing 自變量 independent variable 因變量 dependent variable 定義域 domain 函數(shù)值 value of function 函數(shù)關(guān)系 function relati on 值域 range 自然定義域n atural domai n單值函數(shù) sin gle valued function 多值函數(shù) multiple valued fun ctio n 單值分支 on e-valued branch 函數(shù)圖形 graph of a fun cti on 絕

4、對(duì)值函數(shù) absolute value 符號(hào)函數(shù) sigh fun ctio n 整數(shù)局部 in tegral part 階梯曲線 step curve 當(dāng)且僅當(dāng) if and only if(iff) 分段函數(shù) piecewise fun cti on 上界 upper bound 下界 lower bound 有界 boundedness 無(wú)界 unbounded 函數(shù)的單調(diào)性monotoni city of a function單調(diào)增加的in creasi ng 單調(diào)減少的 decreas ing 單調(diào)函數(shù) monotone function 函數(shù)的奇偶性parity(odevity)

5、of a fun ction對(duì)稱 symmetry 偶函數(shù) even function 奇函數(shù) odd function 函數(shù)的周期性 periodicity of a fun ctio n 周期 period 反函數(shù) in verse fun ctio n 直接函數(shù) direct fun ctio n 復(fù)合函數(shù) composite function 中間變量 in termediate variable 函數(shù)的運(yùn)算 operatio n of function 根本初等函數(shù)basic eleme ntary fun ctio n初等函數(shù) eleme ntary function 幕函數(shù) po

6、wer function 指數(shù)函數(shù) exp onen tial function 對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù) logarithmic fun ction 三角函數(shù) trig ono metric function 反三角函數(shù) in verse trigo no metric fun ctio n 常數(shù)函數(shù) con sta nt function 雙曲函數(shù) hyperbolic fun ctio n 雙曲正弦 hyperbolic sine 雙曲余弦 hyperbolic cos ine 雙曲正切 hyperbolic tangent 反雙曲正弦 in verse hyperbolic sine 反雙曲余弦 in

7、 verse hyperbolic cos ine 反雙曲正切 in verse hyperbolic tangent極限limit數(shù)列 sequenee of number收斂 eon verge nee收斂于 a con verge to a發(fā)散 diverge nt極限的唯一性u(píng)niquen ess of limits收斂數(shù)列的有界性boun ded ness of a con verge nt seque nee子列 subsequenee函數(shù)的極限 limits of fun etio ns函數(shù) 當(dāng) x 趨于 x0 時(shí)的極限 limit of functions as x appro

8、aehes x0 左極限left limit 右極限 right limit單側(cè)極限 on e-sided limits水平漸近線 horiz on tal asymptote無(wú)窮小 infinitesimal無(wú)窮大 infinity鉛直漸近線 vertical asymptote夾逼準(zhǔn)貝U squeeze rule單調(diào)數(shù)歹 U monotonic seque nee高階無(wú)窮小 infin itesimal of higher order 低階無(wú)窮小 infinitesimal of lower order 同階無(wú)窮小 infin itesimal of the same order2高等數(shù)學(xué)

9、-翻譯等階無(wú)窮小equivale nt infin itesimal函數(shù)的連續(xù)性 con ti nuity of a fun etion增量 in creme nt函數(shù) 在 x0 連續(xù) the funetion is continuous at x0左連續(xù) left continuous右連續(xù) right continuous區(qū)間上的連續(xù)函數(shù)contin uous fun etio n函數(shù) 在該區(qū)間上連續(xù)function is continuous on an interval不連續(xù)點(diǎn) disc on ti nuity point第一類間斷點(diǎn)disc ontinuity point of th

10、e first kind第二類間斷點(diǎn)disc on ti nuity point of the sec ond kind初等函數(shù)的連續(xù)性con ti nu ity of the eleme ntary fun eti ons定義區(qū)間 defi ned in terval最大值 global maximum value (absolute maximum)最小值 global minimum value (absolute minimum)零點(diǎn)定理 the zero point theorem介值定理 in termediate value theorem第二章導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分Chapter2 Der

11、ivative and Differen tial 速度 velocity 勻速運(yùn)動(dòng) uniform moti on 平均速度 average velocity 瞬時(shí)速度 in sta ntan eous velocity 圓的切線 tangent line of a circle 切線 tangent line 切線的斜率slope of the tan ge nt line位置函數(shù) positi on fun cti on 導(dǎo)數(shù) derivative 可導(dǎo) derivable 函數(shù)的變化率問(wèn)題problem of the cha nge rate of a function導(dǎo)函數(shù) deri

12、ved function 左導(dǎo)數(shù) left-hand derivative 右導(dǎo)數(shù) right-hand derivative 單側(cè)導(dǎo)數(shù) on e-sided derivatives 在閉區(qū)間【a,b】上可導(dǎo) is derivable on the closed interval a,b 切線方程 tangent equati on 角速度 angular velocity 本錢函數(shù) cost fun ctio n 邊際本錢 marginal cost 鏈?zhǔn)椒敲?chain rule 隱函數(shù) implicit function 顯函數(shù) explicit function 二階函數(shù) sec o

13、nd derivative 三階導(dǎo)數(shù) third derivative 高階導(dǎo)數(shù) nth derivative 萊布尼茨公式Leib niz formula對(duì)數(shù)求導(dǎo)法 log- derivative 參數(shù)方程 parametric equati on 相關(guān)變化率 correlative cha nge rata 微分 differential 可微的 differentiable 函數(shù)的微分 differe ntial of fun ctio n自變量的微分differe ntial of in depe ndent variable微商 differential quotient間接測(cè)量誤差

14、in direct measureme nt error絕對(duì)誤差 absolute error 相對(duì)誤差 relative error第三章 微分中值定理與導(dǎo)數(shù)的應(yīng)用Chapter3 Mean Value Theorem of Differen tials and the Applicati on of Derivatives 羅馬定理 Rolle ' s theorem費(fèi)馬引理 Fermat' s lemma拉格朗日中值定理Lagra nge' s mean value theorem駐點(diǎn) stationary point 穩(wěn)定點(diǎn) stable point 臨界點(diǎn) c

15、ritical point 輔助函數(shù) auxiliary function拉格朗日中值公式Lagra nge' s mean value formula柯西中值定理Cauchy' s mean value theorem洛必達(dá)法那么L' Hospital ' s Rule0/0 型不定式 in determi nate form of type 0/0不定式 in determi nate form泰勒中值定理Taylor' s mean value theorem泰勒公式 Taylor formula 余項(xiàng) remainder term拉格朗日余項(xiàng) L

16、agra nge remain der term 麥克勞林公式Maclaurin ' s formula佩亞諾公式Pea no remain der term凹凸性 con cavity 凹向上的 con cave upward, can cave up 凹向下的，向上凸的con cave dow nward 'con cave dow n拐點(diǎn) inflection point 函數(shù)的極值 extremum of function 極大值 local(relative) maximum 最大值 global(absolute) mximum 極小值 local(relative

17、) minimum 最小值 global(absolute) minimum 目標(biāo)函數(shù) objective fun ctio n 曲率 curvature弧微分 arc differential平均曲率 average curvature 曲率園 circle of curvature 曲率中心 cen ter of curvature 曲率半徑 radius of curvature 漸屈線evolute 漸伸線in volute 根的隔離 isolation of root 隔離區(qū)間 isolation in terval 切線法 tangent line method第四章不定積分Cha

18、pter4 In defi nite In tegrals 原函數(shù) primitive function(antiderivative) 積分號(hào) sign of integration 被積函數(shù) in tegra nd積分變量 in tegral variable積分曲線 in tegral curve積分表 table of integrals換元積分法 in tegrati on by substituti on分部積分法 in tegrati on by parts分部積分公式 formula of in tegrati on by parts有理函數(shù) rati onal functio

19、n真分式 proper fraction假分式 improper fraction第五章定積分Chapter5 Definite Integrals曲邊梯形 trapezoid with曲邊 curve edge窄矩形 narrow rectangle曲邊梯形的面積area of trapezoid with curved edge積分下限 lower limit of in tegral積分上限 upper limit of in tegral積分區(qū)間 in tegral in terval分害9 partition積分禾口 integral sum可積 integrable矩形法 rect

20、angle method積分中值定理mea n value theorem of in tegrals函數(shù)在區(qū)間上的平均值average value of a function on an in tegvals牛頓萊布尼茨公式Newto n-Leib niz formula微積分根本公式fun dame ntal formula of calculus換元公式 formula for in tegrati on by substituti on遞推公式 recurre nee formula反常積分 improper in tegral反常積分發(fā)散 the improper in tegral

21、 is diverge nt反常積分收斂 the improper in tegral is con verge nt無(wú)窮限的反常積分improper in tegral on an infin ite in terval無(wú)界函數(shù)的反常積分improper in tegral of unboun ded fun cti ons絕對(duì)收斂 absolutely con verge nt第六章定積分的應(yīng)用Chapter6 Applications of the Definite Integrals元素法 the element method面積元素 eleme nt of area平面圖形的面積ar

22、ea of a luane figure直角坐標(biāo)又稱"笛卡兒坐標(biāo)(Cartesian coordi nates)極坐標(biāo) polar coord in ates拋物線 parabola橢圓 ellipse旋轉(zhuǎn)體的面積 volume of a solid of rotati on旋轉(zhuǎn)橢球體 ellipsoid of revoluti on, ellipsoid of rotati on曲線的弧長(zhǎng) arc len gth of acurve可求長(zhǎng)的 rectifiable光滑smooth功 work水壓力 water pressure弓丨力 gravitation變力 variable f

23、orce第七章 空間解析幾何與向量代數(shù)Chapter7 Space An alytic Geometry and Vector Algebra向量 vector自由向量 free vector單位向量 un it vector零向量 zero vector相等equal平行 parallel向量的線性運(yùn)算lin ear poerati on of vector三角法貝U triangle rule平行四邊形法那么parallelogram rule交換律 commutative law結(jié)合律 associative law負(fù)向量 negative vector差 differenee分配律 d

24、istributive law空間直角坐標(biāo)系 space rectan gular coord in ates坐標(biāo)面 coord in ate pla ne圭卜限 octant向量的模 modulus of vector向量 a 與 b 的夾角 angle between vector a and b方向余弦 direct ion cos ine方向角 direct ion an gle向量在軸上的投影project ion of a vector onto an axis數(shù)量積，外積，叉積scalar product,dot product,i nner product曲面方程 equati

25、 on for a surface球面 sphere旋轉(zhuǎn)曲面 surface of revoluti on母線 generating line軸 axis圓錐面 cone頂點(diǎn) vertex旋轉(zhuǎn)單葉雙曲面revolutio n hyperboloids of one sheet旋轉(zhuǎn)雙葉雙曲面revolutio n hyperboloids of two sheets柱面 cylindrical surface ,cylinder 圓柱面 cylindrical surface 準(zhǔn)線 directrix拋物柱面 parabolic cyli nder 二次曲面 quadric surface 橢圓

26、錐面 dlliptic cone 橢球面ellipsoid 單葉雙曲面 hyperboloid of one sheet 雙葉雙曲面 hyperboloid of two sheets 旋轉(zhuǎn)橢球面 ellipsoid of revoluti on 橢圓拋物面 elliptic paraboloid 旋轉(zhuǎn)拋物面 paraboloid of revolutio n 雙曲拋物面 hyperbolic paraboloid 馬鞍面 saddle surface 橢圓柱面 elliptic cyli nder 雙曲柱面 hyperbolic cyli nder 拋物柱面 parabolic cyli n

27、der 空間曲線 space curve 空間曲線的一般方程general form equati ons of a space curve空間曲線的參數(shù)方程parametric equati ons of a space curve螺轉(zhuǎn)線spiral 螺矩pitch投影柱面 projecti ng cyli nder投影 projection平面的點(diǎn)法式方程pointnorm form eqyati on of a pla ne法向量 normal vector平面的一般方程gen eral form equatio n of a pla ne兩平面的夾角 an gle betwee n t

28、wo pla nes 點(diǎn)至 U平面的距離dista nee from a point to a pla ne空間直線的一般方程general equatio n of a line in space方向向量 directi on vector直線的點(diǎn)向式方程poin tdirect ion form equatio ns of a line方向數(shù) direct ion nu mber直線的參數(shù)方程parametric equati ons of a line兩直線的夾角 an gle betwee n two lines 垂直 perpe ndicular直線與平面的夾角an gle betw

29、ee n a line and a pla nes平面束 pencil of planes 平面束的方程equatio n of a pen cil of pla nes行歹 U式 determ inant系數(shù)行列式 coefficie nt determ inant第八章多元函數(shù)微分法及其應(yīng)用Chapter8 Differe ntiatio n of Functions of Several Variables and Its Applicati on 一元函數(shù) function of one variable多元函數(shù) function of several variables內(nèi)點(diǎn) inte

30、rior point夕卜點(diǎn) exterior point邊界點(diǎn) frontier point,boundary point聚點(diǎn) point of accumulation開集 openset閉集 closed set連通集 connected set開區(qū)域 open region閉區(qū)域 closed region有界集 bounded set無(wú)界集 unbounded setn 維空間 n-dime nti onal space二重極限 double limit多元函數(shù)的連續(xù)性contin uity of fun ctio n of seveal連續(xù)函數(shù) con ti nu ous funct

31、ion不連續(xù)點(diǎn) disc on ti nuity point一致連續(xù) uniformly con ti nu ous偏導(dǎo)數(shù) partial derivative對(duì)自變量 x 的偏導(dǎo)數(shù) partial derivative with respect to independent variable x 高階偏導(dǎo)數(shù) partial derivative of higher order二階偏導(dǎo)數(shù) sec ond order partial derivative混合偏導(dǎo)數(shù)hybrid partial derivative全微分 total differential偏增量 oartial in creme

32、 nt偏微分 partial differential全增量 total in creme nt可微分 differentiable必要條件 n ecessary con diti on充分條件 sufficie nt con diti on疊加原理 superpostiti on prin ciple全導(dǎo)數(shù) total derivative中間變量 in termediate variable隱函數(shù)存在定理theorem of the existe nee of implicit fun ctio n曲線的切向量 tangent vector of a curve法平面 normal pla

33、ne向量方程 vector equati on向量值函數(shù) vector-valued fun ctio n切平面 tangent plane法線 normal line方向?qū)?shù) direct ional derivative梯度 gradient 數(shù)量場(chǎng) scalar field 梯度場(chǎng) gradient field 向量場(chǎng) vector field 勢(shì)場(chǎng) potential field 引力場(chǎng) gravitational field 弓丨力勢(shì) gravitational potential 曲面在一點(diǎn)的切平面tangent pla ne to a surface at a point曲線在一

34、點(diǎn)的法線no rmal li ne to a surface at a point無(wú)條件極值 uncon diti onal extreme values 條件極值 con diti onal extreme values 拉格朗日乘數(shù)法Lagra nge multiplier method拉格朗日乘子 Lagra nge multiplier 經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式 empirical formula最小二乘法 method of least squares 均方誤差 mean square error第九章重積分Chapter9 Multiple Integrals二重積分 double in tegr

35、al可加性 additivity累次積分 iterated in tegral體積元素 volume eleme nt三重積分 triple in tegral直角坐標(biāo)系中的體積元素volume eleme nt in rectan gular coord in ate system柱面坐標(biāo) cylindrical coord inates柱面坐標(biāo)系中的體積元素volume eleme nt in cyli ndrical coord in ate system球面坐標(biāo) spherical coord in ates球面坐標(biāo)系中的體積元素volume eleme nt in spherical

36、 coord in ate system反常二重積分improper double in tegral曲面的面積 area of a surface質(zhì)心 centre of mass靜矩 static moment密度 density形心 centroid轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量 mome nt of in ertia參變量 parametric variable第十章曲線積分與曲面積分Chapter10 Li ne(Curve)l ntegrals and Surface In tegrals 對(duì)弧長(zhǎng)的曲線積分li ne in tegrals with respect to arc hen gth第一類曲線

37、積分line in tegrals of the first type對(duì)坐標(biāo)的曲線積分li ne in tegrals with respect to x,y,a nd z第二類曲線積分line in tegrals of the sec ond type有向曲線弧 directed arc單連通區(qū)域 simple conn ected region 復(fù)連通區(qū)域 complex conn ected region 格林公式Green formula 第一類曲面積分surface in tegrals of the first type對(duì)面的曲面積分surface in tegrals with

38、 respect to area有向曲面 directed surface對(duì)坐標(biāo)的曲面積分surface in tegrals with respect to coord in ate eleme nts第二類曲面積分surface in tegrals of the sec ond type有向曲面元 eleme nt of directed surface高斯公式 gauss formula拉普拉斯算子Laplace operator格林第一公式Gree n' s first formula通量flux散度 diverge nee斯托克斯公式Stokes formula環(huán)流量 ci

39、rculation 旋度 rotation,curl第十一章無(wú)窮級(jí)數(shù)Chapter" Infinite Series 一般項(xiàng) general term 局部和 partial sum 余項(xiàng) remainder term 等比級(jí)數(shù) geometric series 幾何級(jí)數(shù) geometric series 公比 com mon ratio 調(diào)和級(jí)數(shù) harm onic series 柯西收斂準(zhǔn)貝 UCauchy con verge nee criteria, Cauchy criteria for con verge nee正項(xiàng)級(jí)數(shù) series of positive terms

40、達(dá)朗貝爾判別法D' Alembert test柯西判別法 Cauchy test 交錯(cuò)級(jí)數(shù) alter nati ng series 絕對(duì)收斂 absolutely con verge nt 條件收斂 con diti on ally con verge nt 柯西乘積 Cauchy product 函數(shù)項(xiàng)級(jí)數(shù) series of fun ctio ns 發(fā)散點(diǎn) point of diverge nee 收斂點(diǎn) point of con verge nee 收斂域 con verge nee doma in 禾口函數(shù) sum function 幕級(jí)數(shù) power series幕級(jí)數(shù)的系

41、數(shù)coeffcie nts of power series阿貝爾定理 Abel Theorem收斂半徑 radius of con verge nee 收斂區(qū)間 in terval of con verge nee 泰勒級(jí)數(shù)Taylor series 麥克勞林級(jí)數(shù)Maclaurin series二項(xiàng)展開式 bino mial expa nsion 近似計(jì)算 approximate calculati on 舍入誤差 roun d-off error,ro unding error 歐拉公式 Euler' s formula 魏爾斯特拉絲判別法Weierstrass test三角級(jí)數(shù) t

42、rig ono metric series 振幅 amplitude 角頻率 angular frequency 初相 initial phase 矩形波 square wave 諧波分析 harm onic an alysis 直流分量 direct comp onent 基波 fun dame ntal wave 二次諧波 sec ond harm onic 三角函數(shù)系 trig ono metric function system 傅立葉系數(shù)Fourier coefficie nt傅立葉級(jí)數(shù) Forrier series 周期延拓 periodic proIon gati on 正弦級(jí)數(shù)

43、 si ne series 余弦級(jí)數(shù) cos ine series 奇延拓 odd proIongation 偶延拓 even proIongation 傅立葉級(jí)數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式complex form of Fourier series第十二章微分方程Chapter12 Differential Equation 解微分方程 solve a dirrere ntial equati on 常微分方程 ordinary differe ntial equatio n 偏微分方程partial differe ntial equatio n,PDE微分方程的階 order of a differe

44、ntial equati on 微分方程的解soluti on of a differe ntial equati on微分方程的通解gen eral solution of a differe ntial equati on初始條件 in itial co nditi on 微分方程的特解particular soluti on of a differe ntial equati on初值問(wèn)題 in itial value problem 微分方程的積分曲線in tegral curve of a differe ntial equation可別離變量的微分方程variable separa

45、ble differe ntial equati on隱式解 implicit solution 隱式通解 in plicit gen eral soluti on 衰變系數(shù) decay coefficie nt衰變decay齊次方程 homoge neous equati on一階線性方程 lin ear differe ntial equati on of first order非齊次 non-homogeneous齊次線性方程 homoge neous lin ear equati on 非齊次線性方程non-homoge neous lin ear equati on常數(shù)變易法 met

46、hod of variati on of con sta nt暫態(tài)電流 tran sie nt stata curre nt穩(wěn)態(tài)電流 steady state curre nt 伯努利方程 Bernoulli equati on 全微分方程 total differe ntial equatio n 積分因子 in tegrat ing factor 高階微分方程differe ntial equati on of higher order懸鏈線 cate nary高階線性微分方程linera differential equation of higher order自由振動(dòng)的微分方程 強(qiáng)迫振

47、動(dòng)的微分方程 串聯(lián)電路的振蕩方程二階線性微分方程differe ntial equatio n of free vibrati on differential equation of forced oscillation oscillation equation of series circuitsec ond order linera differe ntial equati on線性相關(guān) lin early depe ndence線性無(wú)關(guān) lin early in depe ndce二階常系數(shù)齊次線性微分方程second order homogeneour linear different

48、ial equation with con sta nt coefficie nt二階變系數(shù)齊次線性微分方程second order homogeneous linear differential equation withvariable coefficie nt特征方程 characteristic equati on無(wú)阻尼自由振動(dòng)的微分方程differe ntial equati on of free vibrati on with zero damp ing固有頻率 n atural freque ncy簡(jiǎn)諧振動(dòng) simple harm onic oscillati on, simpl

49、e harm onic vibratio n微分算子 differe ntial operator待定系數(shù)法 method of un determ ined coefficie nt共振現(xiàn)象 resonance phe nomenon歐拉方程 Euler equati on幕級(jí)數(shù)解法 power series soluti on數(shù)值解法 numerial solution勒讓德方程 Lege ndre equati on微分方程組 system of differe ntial equati ons常系數(shù)線性微分方程組system of linera differe ntial equati

50、 ons with con sta nt coefficie nt線性代數(shù)adjon t(adjugate) of matrix A augme nted matrixBblock diagonal matrixblock matrixA的伴隨矩陣A的增廣矩陣塊對(duì)角矩陣 塊矩陣 根底解系basic soluti on setCCauchy-Schwarz in equality characteristic equatio n characteristic polyno mial coffcie nt matrix cofactor cofactor expa nsion colu mn ve

51、ctor commuti ng matrices con siste nt lin ear system Cramer' s rule Cross- product term柯西-許瓦茲不等式特征方程特征多項(xiàng)式系數(shù)矩陣代數(shù)余子式代數(shù)余子式展開列向量交換矩陣相容線性方程組克萊姆法那么交叉項(xiàng)行列式對(duì)角元素對(duì)角矩陣向量空間V的維數(shù)梯形矩陣 特征空間 特征值 特征向量 特征向量的基 初等矩陣 行初等變換DDeterm inantDiag onal en triesDiag onal matrixDime nsion of a vector space V echel on matrixeige

52、 nspaceeige nvalueeige nvectoreige nvector basiseleme ntary matrixeleme ntary row operatio nsfull rankfun derme ntal set of soluti onGcen tergrn eral soluti onGram-Schmidt processHhomoge neous lin ear equati onsIiden tity matrixincon siste nt li near systemindefinite matrixin defi nit quatratic form

53、infin ite-dime nsional spaceinner productin verse of matrix ALlin ear comb in ati onlin early depe ndentlin early in depe ndentlin ear tran sformatio nlower triangular matrixMmain diagonal of matrix Amatrix滿秩根底解系通解施密特正交化過(guò)程齊次線性方程組單位矩陣不相容線性方程組 不定矩陣不定二次型無(wú)限維空間內(nèi)積逆矩陣線性組合線性相關(guān)線性無(wú)關(guān)線性變換 下三角形矩陣矩陣的主對(duì)角矩陣cen tern

54、 egative defi nite quaratic formn egative semidefi nite quadratic formnon homoge neous equati onsnon sigular matrixnon trivial soluti onnorm of vector Vno rmaliz ing vector V負(fù)定二次型半負(fù)定二次型非齊次線性方程組非奇異矩陣非平凡解向量V的范數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化向量orthogo nal basisorthogo nal compleme ntorthogo nal decompositi onorthogo nally diago n

55、alizable matrixorthogo nal matrixorthogo nal setortho no rmalbasisortho no mal set正交基正交補(bǔ)正交分解矩陣的正交對(duì)角化正交矩陣正交向量組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正交基標(biāo)準(zhǔn)正交向量組bPpartitioned matrixpositive defi nite matrixpositive defi nite quatratic formpositive semidefinite matrixpositive semidefi nite quadratic form分塊矩陣正定矩陣正定二次型半正定矩陣 半正定二次型Qquatratic

56、formcen terR/ce nterrank of matrix A reduced echel on matrix row vector二次型矩陣A的秩r(A)最簡(jiǎn)梯形陣行向量set spanned by similar matrices similarity tran sformatio n sin gular matrix soluti on set sta ndard basis sta ndard matrix submatrix subspace symmetric matrix由向量所生成相似矩陣相似變換奇異矩陣解集合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基標(biāo)準(zhǔn)矩陣I子矩陣子空間對(duì)稱矩陣矩陣A的跡tr(A)矩陣A的轉(zhuǎn)秩三角不等式平凡解Ttrace of matrix A tran spose of A trian gle in equlity trivial soluti onUunit vectorupper tria ngular matrixVvan derm onde matrixvectorvector spaceZzero subspacezero vector單位向量上三角形矩陣