新目標八年級下冊-英語語法知識點精講4頁

1、新目標八年級下冊 英語語法知識點精講+練習Unit1一般將來時 一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （動詞原形）結(jié)構：表示打算、準備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 結(jié)構表示將來的用法： 1. 表示預見 Do you think it will rain? You will feel bette

2、r after a good rest. 2. 表示意圖 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本構成如下：一般疑問句構成： （1）will+主語+do? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 結(jié)構的一般疑問句：Will there + be ? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there wont 否定句構成：will + not

3、（wont）+do Sarah wont come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑問句構成： 特殊疑問詞will主語？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 練一練根據(jù)例句，用will改寫下列各句 例：I dont feel well today. （be better tomorrow） Ill be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _ 2. Im tired now. （sleep later） _ 3. My

4、parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _ 4. We cant leave right now. （leave a little later） _ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _答案：1. Shell have a lot of homework tonight. 2. Ill sleep later. 3. Theyll buy one soon. 4. Well leave a little later. 5. Maybe itll be better tomorrow. U

5、nit2 should的用法： should用來提出建議和忠告，后邊加動詞原形，否定句直接在should后邊加not. eg：I think you should eat less junk food. 我認為你應該少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她經(jīng)常開車，很少走路。所以我認為她應該多走路。 Students shouldnt spend too much time playing computer games. 學生們不應當花太多的時間玩計算機游戲。 學習向別人

6、提建議的幾種句式： （1）I think you should （2）Well, you could （3）Maybe you should （4）Why dont you? =why not do、？ （5）What about doing sth.? （6）Youd better do sth. 練一練 用should或shouldnt填空 1. I cant sleep the night before exams. You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 2. Good friends _ argue each other. 3.

7、There is little milk in the glass. We _ buy some. 4. They didnt invite you? Maybe you _ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day. Unit3 過去進行時（一） 過去進行時的構成及用法：1、構成：主語+was / were + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 (其中am,iswas; arewere ) 2、用法：表示在過去某一時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作或狀態(tài).也可用來表示過去一段時間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作

8、。(常與過去進行時連用的時間狀語有：then,this time yesterday,at that time,at 9:00 yesterday evening, the whole morning,all night等) The barber was cutting my hair at that time.we were sleeping at 8:00 yesterday morning.She was writing a letter the whole morning.（二）when和while引導的時間狀語從句。意思是“當、時”when 是at that time的意思，表示做某

9、種動作的時間或瞬間。其謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是非延續(xù)性的，常與一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時連用。 eg：When winter comes, the weather gets colder and colder. When Linda saw Davy, he was playing basketball.I was reading a book when she came into my room。When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. while 是during the time的意思，表示略長的一段時間。其謂語動詞

10、必須是延續(xù)性的。常與現(xiàn)在進行時或過去進行時連用。 Eg：Tom was reading a newspaper while he was waiting for a bus.I am doing my homework while my mother is cooking. 練一練用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。 1. This time yesterday I _ _（read）books. 2. At 9 oclock last Sunday they _ _（have）a party. 3. When I _（come）into the classroom, she _ _（read）a

11、 storybook. 4. She _ _（play）computer games while her mother _ _（cook）yesterday afternoon. 5. I _ _（have）a shower when you _（call）me yesterday. Unit4 賓語從句在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。學習賓語從句要抓住三要素：引導詞、語序和時態(tài)。一、引導詞1從句為陳述句，常選擇引導詞that，that引導賓語從句無意思，不充當句子成分常省略。例句：He told us （that）they would help us through the whole

12、 work.2從句為一般疑問句，常選擇引導詞if或whether，表示“是否”。在 whether or not 結(jié)構中不能用 if 替換。例句：I don't know if there will be a bus any more.3. 從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what，when，where，which，who，how等的疑問代詞、副詞作引導詞。例句：He didn't tell me when we should meet again.二、判斷時態(tài)情況：1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可以為各種時態(tài)。2.主句是一般過去時，從句要用相應過去時態(tài)。（注意：從句描繪客觀事實、真理、自

13、然現(xiàn)象等，從句時態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。）例句：He answered that he was listening to me. Father told me that practice makes perfect .爸爸告訴我熟能生巧。（客觀）三、賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序陳述句語序，就是主語在前，謂語動詞在后。錯誤：He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.正確：He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.注意：賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句的謂語動詞是think，beli

14、eve，imagine，suppose，consider，expect，fancy，guess等，并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致。例如:I don't think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he won't come to my party.練一練用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。 1. She said I _（be）hard-working. 2. Peter told me he _（be）bored yesterday. 3. She said s

15、he _（go）swimming last Sunday. 4. Bobby said he _（may）call me later. 5. Antonio told me he _（read）a book then. 答案：1. was2. was3. went4. might5. was reading（五）if引導的條件狀語從句知識點總結(jié)引導條件狀語從句的連接詞主要有：if（如果）、unless（除非）在意思上等于ifnot.或 as long as（只要）等。一、條件狀語從句用法1、引導條件狀語從句最常用的連詞是if，由if引導的條件狀語從句表示在某種條件下某事很可能發(fā)生。如：If y

16、ou ask him, he will help you.If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.2、unless = ifnot. 除非，若不，除非在的時候例如：Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.=If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨，比賽將照常進行。3、so/as long as只要例句；You may b

17、orrow my book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你保持書的清 潔，你就可以把我的書借去。So long as you're happy, it doesn't matter what you do. 只要你高興，你做什么都沒有關系。二、時態(tài)問題在條件狀語從句中，要注意“主將從現(xiàn)”的規(guī)定，即主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時。eg: I will come to see you if I have time. 我有時間，我就來看你。 練一練 根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子。 1. 如果你參加聚會，你將會過得很開心。 If you _

18、the party, you _. 2. 如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。 If it _ tomorrow, we _. .單項選擇。1. If you _ to the party, youll have a great time. A. will go  B. went  C. go   D. going2. I _ her the answer if she _me. A. can tell, will ask   B. will tell, will ask  C. would tell, ask   D. will tell, asks3. What are you going to do tomorrow?  -Well go to the library tomorrow if it _. A. isnt rain  B. rain   C. wont rain  D. doesnt rain5. Ill give the book to him if he _ here next Sunday.A. will come   B. comes