新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)-英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講4頁(yè)

1、新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)下冊(cè) 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講+練習(xí)Unit1一般將來(lái)時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （動(dòng)詞原形）結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準(zhǔn)備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來(lái)的用法： 1. 表示預(yù)見(jiàn) Do you think it will rain? You will feel bette

2、r after a good rest. 2. 表示意圖 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本構(gòu)成如下：一般疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成： （1）will+主語(yǔ)+do? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問(wèn)句：Will there + be ? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there wont 否定句構(gòu)成：will + not

3、（wont）+do Sarah wont come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成： 特殊疑問(wèn)詞will主語(yǔ)？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 練一練根據(jù)例句，用will改寫(xiě)下列各句 例：I dont feel well today. （be better tomorrow） Ill be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _ 2. Im tired now. （sleep later） _ 3. My

4、parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _ 4. We cant leave right now. （leave a little later） _ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _答案：1. Shell have a lot of homework tonight. 2. Ill sleep later. 3. Theyll buy one soon. 4. Well leave a little later. 5. Maybe itll be better tomorrow. U

5、nit2 should的用法： should用來(lái)提出建議和忠告，后邊加動(dòng)詞原形，否定句直接在should后邊加not. eg：I think you should eat less junk food. 我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她經(jīng)常開(kāi)車，很少走路。所以我認(rèn)為她應(yīng)該多走路。 Students shouldnt spend too much time playing computer games. 學(xué)生們不應(yīng)當(dāng)花太多的時(shí)間玩計(jì)算機(jī)游戲。 學(xué)習(xí)向別人

6、提建議的幾種句式： （1）I think you should （2）Well, you could （3）Maybe you should （4）Why dont you? =why not do、？ （5）What about doing sth.? （6）Youd better do sth. 練一練 用should或shouldnt填空 1. I cant sleep the night before exams. You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 2. Good friends _ argue each other. 3.

7、There is little milk in the glass. We _ buy some. 4. They didnt invite you? Maybe you _ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do exercises every day. Unit3 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（一） 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成及用法：1、構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+was / were + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 (其中am,iswas; arewere ) 2、用法：表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).也可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

8、。(常與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：then,this time yesterday,at that time,at 9:00 yesterday evening, the whole morning,all night等) The barber was cutting my hair at that time.we were sleeping at 8:00 yesterday morning.She was writing a letter the whole morning.（二）when和while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。意思是“當(dāng)、時(shí)”when 是at that time的意思，表示做某

9、種動(dòng)作的時(shí)間或瞬間。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是非延續(xù)性的，常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。 eg：When winter comes, the weather gets colder and colder. When Linda saw Davy, he was playing basketball.I was reading a book when she came into my room。When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas. while 是during the time的意思，表示略長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

10、必須是延續(xù)性的。常與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用。 Eg：Tom was reading a newspaper while he was waiting for a bus.I am doing my homework while my mother is cooking. 練一練用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. This time yesterday I _ _（read）books. 2. At 9 oclock last Sunday they _ _（have）a party. 3. When I _（come）into the classroom, she _ _（read）a

11、 storybook. 4. She _ _（play）computer games while her mother _ _（cook）yesterday afternoon. 5. I _ _（have）a shower when you _（call）me yesterday. Unit4 賓語(yǔ)從句在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句要抓住三要素：引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。一、引導(dǎo)詞1從句為陳述句，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞that，that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句無(wú)意思，不充當(dāng)句子成分常省略。例句：He told us （that）they would help us through the whole

12、 work.2從句為一般疑問(wèn)句，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞if或whether，表示“是否”。在 whether or not 結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用 if 替換。例句：I don't know if there will be a bus any more.3. 從句為特殊疑問(wèn)句，常選擇what，when，where，which，who，how等的疑問(wèn)代詞、副詞作引導(dǎo)詞。例句：He didn't tell me when we should meet again.二、判斷時(shí)態(tài)情況：1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可以為各種時(shí)態(tài)。2.主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句要用相應(yīng)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。（注意：從句描繪客觀事實(shí)、真理、自

13、然現(xiàn)象等，從句時(shí)態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。）例句：He answered that he was listening to me. Father told me that practice makes perfect .爸爸告訴我熟能生巧。（客觀）三、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序要用陳述句語(yǔ)序陳述句語(yǔ)序，就是主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在后。錯(cuò)誤：He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.正確：He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.注意：賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think，beli

14、eve，imagine，suppose，consider，expect，fancy，guess等，并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái)，其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致。例如:I don't think he will come to my party.而不能說(shuō)成I think he won't come to my party.練一練用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. She said I _（be）hard-working. 2. Peter told me he _（be）bored yesterday. 3. She said s

15、he _（go）swimming last Sunday. 4. Bobby said he _（may）call me later. 5. Antonio told me he _（read）a book then. 答案：1. was2. was3. went4. might5. was reading（五）if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要有：if（如果）、unless（除非）在意思上等于ifnot.或 as long as（只要）等。一、條件狀語(yǔ)從句用法1、引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句最常用的連詞是if，由if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示在某種條件下某事很可能發(fā)生。如：If y

16、ou ask him, he will help you.If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.2、unless = ifnot. 除非，若不，除非在的時(shí)候例如：Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.=If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.Unless it rains, the game will be played.除非下雨，比賽將照常進(jìn)行。3、so/as long as只要例句；You may b

17、orrow my book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你保持書(shū)的清 潔，你就可以把我的書(shū)借去。So long as you're happy, it doesn't matter what you do. 只要你高興，你做什么都沒(méi)有關(guān)系。二、時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，要注意“主將從現(xiàn)”的規(guī)定，即主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)時(shí)。eg: I will come to see you if I have time. 我有時(shí)間，我就來(lái)看你。 練一練 根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子。 1. 如果你參加聚會(huì)，你將會(huì)過(guò)得很開(kāi)心。 If you _

18、the party, you _. 2. 如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。 If it _ tomorrow, we _. .單項(xiàng)選擇。1. If you _ to the party, youll have a great time. A. will go  B. went  C. go   D. going2. I _ her the answer if she _me. A. can tell, will ask   B. will tell, will ask  C. would tell, ask   D. will tell, asks3. What are you going to do tomorrow?  -Well go to the library tomorrow if it _. A. isnt rain  B. rain   C. wont rain  D. doesnt rain5. Ill give the book to him if he _ here next Sunday.A. will come   B. comes