特殊句式與主謂一致pptConvertor

1、學習必備歡迎下載浠水一中 20XX 屆英語語法復習專題二：特殊句式和主謂一致“特殊句式”包括強調(diào)句、倒裝句、感嘆句、省略句和反意疑問句等。從近幾年的高考試題看， 單獨考查特殊句式和主謂一致的題目很少，試題的測試經(jīng)常呈交叉性，許多知識點都是嫁接在一起考查， 這種交叉性的考查加大了綜合考查語法的力度。 同時由于該部分內(nèi)容相對龐雜，學習時要注意梳理知識結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住考點的位移規(guī)律。專題考點聚焦·倒裝 ·倒裝有兩種形式： 一是句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前， 進行完全倒裝； 二是只將助動詞、情態(tài)動詞等提前到主語的前面，進行部分倒裝?？键c一 全部倒裝構(gòu)成：將謂語動詞直接提到主語前。規(guī)則

2、 1：地點副詞或方位副詞here, there, out, in, up, down, away, off 等放在句首， 謂語動詞多為 be，come，go 等 ,而主語是名詞時，句子則完全倒裝。但是，當主語是人稱代詞時，主謂語序不變。如：Out rushed the children.Away he went.規(guī)則 2：地點狀語位于句首時，為了避免頭重腳輕，常將謂語置于主語之前，進行完全倒裝。如：South of the river lies a small factory.From the valley came a frightening sound.規(guī)則 3：such, then, n

3、ow, thus, the following位于句首， 謂語動詞多為come, follow, begin, end,be 時用完全倒裝。如：Such are the facts.The following is the answer to the question.Now comes your turn.規(guī)則 4：there be 句型中， 用完全倒裝。 此時，結(jié)構(gòu)中的 be 可用 lie/exist/stand/live/seem 等動詞替代。如：There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain.規(guī)則 5：有時為了突出或強調(diào)

4、，可用“表語系動詞主語”的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests.Seated on the ground are a group of young men.規(guī)則 6：在 “ so that”和“ such that”結(jié)構(gòu)中，將“ so adj./adv.”和“ such n.”提到句首時主句部分用完全倒裝。如：So terrible was the storm that the whole roofs were blown off.Such a clever boy was Jack that he

5、 was able to work out all these difficult problems.考點二部分倒裝構(gòu)成：將情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、be 動詞提到主語前。規(guī)則 1：含有否定意義的副詞或短語放在句首時。如： few, little, never, not, no, not until, nowhere, rarely, seldom, hardly/scarcely when/before, no sooner than， not only but (also), at no time, by no means, in no way , under no circumstances 等

6、。如：學習必備歡迎下載He is active in personality, and seldom does he stay indoors.Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off.(注意謂語動詞的形式)Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(until 后面的全部內(nèi)容提前)將規(guī)則 2： so/as/neither/nor 為標志詞放在句首。如：(1) 表示前面所說的

7、肯定情況也適合于另一人或物。so/as be/助動詞 /情態(tài)動詞主語。如：I've got an enormous amount of work to do.So have I.(2) 表示前面所說的否定情況也適合于另一人或物。neither/nor be/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語。如：If she doesn't agree to the plan, neither will Tom.(3) 當前面既有肯定又有否定或兩個謂語時用so it is/was with sb. ，也可以用so it is/ was thesame with sb.。如：He is a student a

8、nd he doesn't go to school by bus.So it is with her.規(guī)則 3： only 修飾狀語 (從句 ) ，并置于句首時，后面部分要部分倒裝。如：Only if he has time will he come here.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.規(guī)則4：在虛擬條件句中，從句謂語有助動詞were, had, should時，可將if省略，而把were,had, should 移到句首，即Had/Were/Should 主語謂語其他部分主句。如：We

9、re he( If he were )here now, I could ask him.Should he( If he should)come, tell him to ring me up.規(guī)則 5：as或 though主語其他。如：引導讓步狀語從句引起的倒裝。句型是：表語 /狀語 /動詞原形as/thoughBoy as he is, he knows a lot.( 名詞前不用冠詞)Much as I like it, I will not buy it.Try as he might ， he could not find a job.·省略句 ·在英語中， 有

10、時為了避免結(jié)構(gòu)上或內(nèi)容上的重復，并使上下文緊密連接，有時因為語法的客觀要求， 句子中的一個或幾個成分不需要表達出來， 這種現(xiàn)象稱為省略。 英語中的省略要求不破壞語法結(jié)構(gòu)， 要保持句子意義的準確無誤。 省略有詞法上的省略， 也有句法上的省略，還有一種替代省略。 省略部分的成分和含義可從上下文或具體語言環(huán)境中找到而且是有章可循的，英語的省略大致有以下幾種情況：規(guī)則 1：在某些特定的環(huán)境中，由于語言所指清楚，為了避免重復，常將謂語動詞省略，留下主語和其他成分；如果謂語部分全部省略，而只留下主語時，主語用賓格形式。如：Jack would go to the Expo next week.Me, to

11、o.規(guī)則 2：動詞不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean,intend, try, promise 等動詞后作賓語時，為了避免重復，常常省略不定式后的內(nèi)容，但要保留不定式符號to。如：學習必備歡迎下載Did you get a ticket?No, I meant to (get one), but there weren't any left.【溫馨提示 】 如果不定式中含有be， have，have been，通常保留be， have 或 have been。Are y

12、ou a sailor?No ，but I used to be.規(guī)則 3：動詞不定式與be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to 等構(gòu)成復合謂語時，不定式結(jié)構(gòu)?？墒÷?，但要保留to（因為沒有to 這些詞組就不復存在）。如：I don't want to wait for him, but I have to.規(guī)則 4: I'm afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess 等作答語，后面 so 與 not 分別表示肯定和否定，賓語從句可省略。如：Do you think it

13、 will rain?I hope not.規(guī)則 5：當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it且從句中有be動詞時，可以省略狀語從句中的主語和be 動詞。如：When(she was)asked, she made no answer.As(he was)a young man, he studied law and became a lawyer.溫馨提醒：其它情況謹慎使用省略，你懂的！·反意疑問句 ·規(guī)則 1：當 must 作“必須”講時，其反意疑問部分用 needn't；當含有 mustn't(不允許、禁止 ) 時，其反意疑問部分用 must

14、；當 must 表示推測，作“一定，準是”講時，反意疑問部分的動詞形式根據(jù) must 后面的動詞形式確定。如：You must go now, needn't you?你現(xiàn)在必須走，是不是？You mustn't smoke here, must you?你不能在這里吸煙，是吧？You must have watched that football matchlast night , didn't you?你昨晚一定是看足球比賽了，是吧？（ 其它變式你能玩轉(zhuǎn)嗎）規(guī)則 2：陳述部分含有used to 時，疑問部分用usedn't 或 didn't 均可。如

15、：You used to play football, usedn't/didn't you?你過去常常踢足球，是嗎？規(guī)則 3：陳述部分含有ought to 時，其反意疑問部分用oughtn't 或 shouldn't 均可。如：He ought to attend the meeting, oughtn't/shouldn't he?他應該參加會議，是不是？規(guī)則 4：當陳述部分帶有 seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody 等否定詞或半否定詞時，疑問部分的動詞用肯

16、定形式。如：He could hardly get up, could he?他幾乎起不來了，是不是？規(guī)則 5：陳述部分含有表示“否定”意義的前綴或后綴構(gòu)成的詞，疑問部分一般用否定式。如：Mary dislikes sports, doesn't she?瑪麗不喜歡體育運動，不是嗎？學習必備歡迎下載規(guī)則 6：當陳述部分帶有賓語從句時，疑問部分的主語應和主句的主語保持一致。但當主句是： I think ，I believe, I suppose, I expect, I imagine 等結(jié)構(gòu)時，疑問部分的主語和謂語動詞均應和賓語從句的主語和謂語保持一致。如：He said that h

17、e would come here on time, didn't he?I don't think he will come here on time, will he?規(guī)則 7：祈使句后加附加問句，不表示反意，而表示一種語氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)為：(1) 否定祈使句， will you? 如：Don't open the door, will you?(2) 肯定祈使句，will/won't you?如：Open the door, will/won't you?(3)Let's ， shall we? 如：Let's go out for a

18、walk, shall we?(4)Let us ， will you ？如：Let us go out to play football, will you?·強調(diào)句型 ·強調(diào)句的基本句型是“ It is/was被強調(diào)的部分 that/who 其他”。被強調(diào)的部分可以是主語、賓語和狀語等。規(guī)則 1：要用 that 引導從句，而不能用which ，而且不能省略。被強調(diào)的是人時，引導詞可用 who ，也可用 that。如：It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.昨天我是在火車站見到李明的。Was i

19、t you that/who let out the secret to her?是你把這個秘密泄露給她的嗎？【溫馨提示】當被強調(diào)的是主語時，代詞要用主格形式 。It was I who put forward the theory first.是我最先提出這個理論的。規(guī)則 2：強調(diào)主語時，要注意引導詞與其謂語的一致性。如：It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.正是我們的老師幫助我們?nèi)〉昧撕艽蟮倪M步。規(guī)則 3：對 not until 時間狀語從句進行強調(diào)時，其句型是： It is/was not until that其他

20、。如：It was not until twelve o clock last night that I wen t to bed. ( 黑體部分是不可以倒裝的喲 ) 昨天晚上我一直到十二點才睡。規(guī)則 4：強調(diào)句的特殊疑問句形式：特殊疑問詞is/wasit that/who 其他。如：When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？他是什么時候決定選修這門課程的？變式：“我不知道他是什么時候決定選修這門課程的?！保ǚ捎⒄Z試試看）Why is it that he doesn't like the book?他為什么不喜

21、歡這本書？學習必備歡迎下載規(guī)則 5：強調(diào)句型與It is/was時間 when 從句不能混淆。如：It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.( 強調(diào)句型 )昨天晚上我半夜才回到家。It was midnight when I got here yesterday.( 時間狀語從句)昨天當我到達這兒時，已是半夜了。溫馨提醒：去掉結(jié)構(gòu)能還原的就是強調(diào)句規(guī)則 6：變式強調(diào)句型：It must/may/might be that； Can/Could it be that？如： It might be his father that you&#

22、39;re thinking of.Could it be Tom that is making the noise?注意： it 除了作為強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)詞外，其形式主語、形式賓語及其指代用法也要引起足夠的重視。it 指代時間時，常考的一些句型結(jié)構(gòu)：It is (about/high) time that 從句 (從句用 should do/did)It is/has been some time since 從句 (從句用一般過去時)(注意從句中延續(xù)性動詞意義為否定 )It/This is the first/second time that 從句 (必須使用現(xiàn)在完成時)(這是某人第次做了某事

23、 )It was 時間點 when 從句It was/will be some time before 從句·感嘆句及其他 ·考點一“祈使句陳述句”句型1 and, then, and then 意思是“就，那么，才” ，表示按照祈使句說的去做，會產(chǎn)生順應的結(jié)果。2 or, or else, otherwise 意思是“否則，要不，不然的話” ，表示不按照祈使句說的去做，則會產(chǎn)生相反的結(jié)果。如： Make a bit more effort and the problem could be settled.Follow the instructions otherwise

24、the drug, I think, will be dangerous to you .考點二感嘆句1 what 式感嘆句 What a/an形容詞單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞主語謂語！What 形容詞復數(shù)名詞主語謂語！What 形容詞不可數(shù)名詞主語謂語！2 how 式感嘆句How 形容詞 /副詞主語謂語！How 形容詞 a/an單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞主語謂語！考點三there be 句式1 there be 句式中的be 可以有不同的時態(tài)，而且可以和助動詞或情態(tài)動詞連用。如：There have been many great changes in our country since then.There must

25、 be a mistake somewhere.2there be 句式中的 be 有時可用 seem to be，appear to be，happen to be，used to be，have to be， be expected to be 等替代。學習必備歡迎下載3 there be 句式中的be 可用 remain， live ， stand， lie ， exist 等不及物動詞替代。4 there be 句式有時可用于非謂語動詞中，有兩種形式：there being 和 there to be。 there being 在句中通常作原因狀語、主語或用在介詞或某些動詞后作賓語。如

26、：There being no further business ， I declared the meeting closed.I can't imagine there being such a quiet place here. there to be 在句中通常作某些動詞的賓語。如：The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.5用于組成特殊句式。 There is no use/point/sense (in) doing 做某事沒用或沒意義。如： There i

27、s no doubt about /There is no doubt that 毫無疑問。如： There is no doubt that she has told the truth. There is no need for /There is no need to do 沒有必要。如： There is no need to hurry ， is there?·主謂一致 ·在英語的句子中，謂語動詞的形式應與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。近幾年來，高考關(guān)于該內(nèi)容的考查主要集中在意義一致、形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致幾個方面。1意義一致原則只要確定句子的主語是單數(shù)意義，則

28、謂語用單數(shù)； 句子的主語是復數(shù)意義，則謂語用復數(shù)。規(guī)則1：不可數(shù)名詞作主語，一律視為單數(shù)。以s 結(jié)尾的國名、地名、機構(gòu)名，書名，如：the United States, the United Nations等作主語，視為單數(shù)；有些不可數(shù)名詞如：news, maths,physics雖然以s 結(jié)尾，但不是復數(shù)。規(guī)則 2：表示單一概念的動名詞、 不定式或句子作主語時， 謂語動詞用單數(shù)?！?one, either, neither, each of復數(shù)名詞或代詞”作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。如：When and where to go for the on salary holiday has not b

29、een decided yet.Either of the stories is very funny.To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit.Telling him the truth is too cruel.規(guī)則 3： something, everything, anything, nothing ，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代詞作主語，謂語通常用單數(shù)。規(guī)則 4：表示時間、金錢、距離、重量等的復數(shù)名詞作主語，通?？醋饕粋€整體，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。如：Ten pounds was missi

30、ng from the box.規(guī)則 5： a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等修飾名詞，通常以量詞的單復數(shù)形式來決定謂語的單復數(shù)。如：Two series of new stamps have been ordered.規(guī)則 6：a number of 復數(shù)名詞， 意為 “許多” ，是復數(shù)意義； the number of復數(shù)名詞，意為“的數(shù)目” ，是單數(shù)意義。 the population of 意為“的人口數(shù)量” ，作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)；但如果是分數(shù) /百分數(shù) /half of/the rest of the population

31、 作主語時，謂語則用復學習必備歡迎下載數(shù)，具體指其中的多少人，是復數(shù)意義。 the average of意為“的平均數(shù)量” ，作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。如：The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.規(guī)則 7：“ the adj.”結(jié)構(gòu)指人時， 謂語動詞用復數(shù)； 如果表示抽象的概念， 謂語動詞用單數(shù)。規(guī)則 8：分數(shù)、百分數(shù)及 all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)根據(jù)其指代的含義

32、確定。如：The rest of the workers are still very tired.規(guī)則 9：主語為集體名詞時，如果表示一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果指其中的個體，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。這類集體名詞常見的有：army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd,family, government, group, majority, minority, people, police, public, staff, team 等，其中 cattle，people，police 一般看成復數(shù)形式。規(guī)則 10：當 and 連接兩個并列主

33、語在意義上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念時，應看作單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。另外，當and 連接兩個形容詞修飾一個單數(shù)形式的主語時，其實是指兩種不同的事物，主語則應該看作是復數(shù)，那么謂語動詞也應該用復數(shù)。如：War and peace is a constant theme in history.Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.規(guī)則 11：what 引導的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于作表語的名詞的單復數(shù)形式。如：What surprised me most was his attitude towards his s

34、tudy.規(guī)則 12： such 作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式要根據(jù)其意義而定。如：Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.規(guī)則 13：“quantities of 名詞”作主語時，不論名詞是復數(shù)還是不可數(shù)，謂語一律用復數(shù)。如：Every day quantities of water are wasted.2形式一致原則主語和謂語從語法形式上取得一致： 主語是單數(shù)形式， 謂語也采取單數(shù)形式； 主語是復數(shù)形式，謂語亦采取復數(shù)形式。規(guī)則 1：every/each/no 修飾單數(shù)名詞，

35、 以及 and 連接的兩個有every/each/no 修飾的單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式。如：Every boy and every girl is having sports now.規(guī)則 2：“ more than one/many a單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：More than one student has failed the exam.3就近一致原則規(guī)則 1：當連詞or, not but；eitheror，neither nor，not only but (also)等連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的形式常與最靠近的詞語保持一致。如：Either I

36、or they are responsible for the result of the matter.規(guī)則 2：在倒裝句中， 謂語與后面第一個主語的數(shù)保持一致。如：In the distance was heard theclapping of hands and the shouts of the people.學習必備歡迎下載規(guī)則 3：當一個句子是由 there 或 here 引起，而主語又不止一個時， 謂語通常和最靠近它的主語一致。如：There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.4承前一致原則規(guī)則：主語后接介詞with,

37、 together with, along with, except, besides, as well as, in, of詞語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要和這些短語前面的名詞的單復數(shù)保持一致。如：等連接的Mr. Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.高考真題及變式題1 2013 ·湖北卷So fast _that we can hardly imagineitsspeed.(travel)光傳播的速度快到我們難以想象。 答案 does light travel2 2012 ·湖北卷 Littl

38、e _ what she looks like; all she cares about isher job performance.(care)她不在乎外表，她在乎的是自己的工作表現(xiàn)。 答案 does she care (about)32012·湖北卷 I don't know _ _ in the novel that made him burst intotears.(what)我不知道是小說中的什么東西使他突然淚如泉涌。 答案 what it was42011·湖北卷變式 Not until two days after the earthquake_ he

39、rmother alive.(find)直到地震后兩天她才發(fā)現(xiàn)媽媽仍舊活著。 答案 did she find5 2011·湖北卷變式_call me when you arrive.Just come up tomy house.I'll be at home all day.(there)你到達時不必給我打電話，直接來房間里，我一整天都在家。 答案 There is/will be no need to6 2011·湖北卷變式_ _that he had an important conference toattend the next morning.(occu

40、r)他突然想到第二天要參加一個重要的會議。 答案 It occurred to him7 2011 · 湖 北 卷 變 式 _and you'llfindthe purple one issofter.(compare)比較這兩把牙刷，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)這把紫色的更柔軟些。 答案 Compare these/the two tooth brushes8 2010 · 湖 北 卷 變 式 Onlyifpeopleofallthecountriesareunited_the existing problems in the world.(solve)只有所有國家的人們團結(jié)起來，

41、我們才能解決世界上存在著的問題。 答案 will we be able to solve/can we solve9 2008 ·湖北卷變式 Seldom_ _video games ever since they enteredcollege.(play)學習必備歡迎下載自從進入大學，他們就很少玩電子游戲了。 答案 have they played10 2013 · 新 課 標 全 國 卷 變 式 Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent_ _ properly in this hospital.(tre

42、at)只有將醫(yī)生的人數(shù)增加50%，這家醫(yī)院的病人才能得到適當?shù)闹委煛?答案 can patients be treated112013·天津卷變式 It was not until near the end of the letter_ herown plan.(mention)直到在書信快結(jié)束的時候她才提到她自己的計劃。 答案 that she mentioned12 2013·江西卷變式 Only when he apologizes for his rudeness_again.(speak)只有在他為自己的無禮道歉時我才會再理他。 答案 will I speak t

43、o him132013·湖南卷變式 Not once_ to Michael that he could one day becomea top student in his class.(occur)邁克爾不止一次想過有朝一日他會成為班里的優(yōu)等生。 答案 did it occur14 2013 · 福 建 卷 變 式 Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,_toperform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei FlowerExpo.(invite)這位著名的音樂家以及他的學生應邀參加

44、了2012 臺北花卉博覽會開幕式。 答案 was invited15 There are some health problems that, when not _ ， can becomebigger ones later on.(treat)有一些健康問題，如果不及時治療，以后就會成為大問題。 答案 treated in time16 It was with the help of the local guide_ _ (rescue)正是在當?shù)貙в蔚膸椭逻@個登山者才被營救了。 答案 that the mountain climber was rescued17 Not until he

45、 went through real hardship_ _ the love we have for ourfamilies is important.(realize)直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的困難，他才意識到我們熱愛家人的重要性。 答案 did he realize18 At no time_the rules of the game.It was unfairto punishthem.(break)實際上他們從未違反比賽規(guī)則，懲罰他們不公平。 答案 did they actually break19 Everyday_aloudseveraltimesuntilyouhaveitmemori

46、zed.(read)每天把一句諺語大聲朗讀幾遍，直到記住它。 答案 read a proverb20 Read this story, _ that not every thingcan be bought withmoney.(realize)學習必備歡迎下載讀這個故事，你會意識到并非所有的東西都能用錢買到。 答案 and you will realize強化訓練題：1Somemodernteachingequipmentaswellashundredsofcomputers_the schools in the disaster districts last month.(send)一些現(xiàn)

47、代化的教學設備還有數(shù)百臺電腦上個月被送往了災區(qū)學校。 答案 was sent to2Frommypointofview,itisyou,ratherthanyourhusband,_your spoiled child.(blame)在我看來，是你而不是你的丈夫應該為被寵壞了的孩子受責備。 答案 who/that are to blame for3 Not only_ ， but a large sum of money should also be invested tocope with the issue.(measure)不僅要采取措施，還要投入大量的資金才能解決這個問題。 答案 sh

48、ould measures be taken4 Hardly _when he phoned his parents.(land)他一安全下飛機就給父母打了個電話。 答案 had he landed safely5 As Albert Einstein said,“In the middle of difficulty_” (lie)正如阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦所說： “機會蘊藏在困難之中。 ” 答案 lie chances/opportunities6 Wang Ping has been dreaming of visiting Baiyun Mountain, _ anold tem

49、ple.(stand)王平一直夢想能去白云山，在那座山的山腳下有一座古廟。 答案 at the foot of which stands7Seated in the studio _ ， along with his two students, receiving theinterview now.(be)坐在錄音棚里的是那位教授和他的兩個學生，現(xiàn)在正在接受采訪。 答案 is the professor8 Chinese writer Mo Yan, winner of the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature, said it was telling stories_ _ (earn)中國作家、諾貝爾文學獎獲得者莫言說正是講故事使他贏得此獎。 答案 that earned him the prize9 It was only after serious consideration _ _to sponsor the poor childto finish his compulsory education.(decide)他就是在慎重考慮后，才決定資助這個貧困孩子完成義務教育的。 答案 t