Lesson_45__MARPOL_73、78

1、動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentWuhan Institute of Shipbuilding TechnologyPower Engineering DepartmentLuobin動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentLesson 45 MARPOL 73/78第45課 73/78防污公約動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department MARPOL 73/78 is the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollut

2、ion from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto. MARPOL 73/78系指經(jīng)1978年議定書(shū)修訂的1973年國(guó)際防止船舶造成污染公約。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The MARPOL Convention is the main international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships from operatio

3、nal or accidental causes. MARPOL公約是防止船舶因操作或事故原因而對(duì)海洋環(huán)境造成污染的主要公約。 It is a combination of two treaties adopted in 1973 and 1978 respectively and updated by amendments through the years. 它由1973年和1978年兩個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立的條約聯(lián)合而成，多年來(lái)，經(jīng)多個(gè)修正案更新。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The International Convention for the P

4、revention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) was adopted on 2 November 1973 at IMO and covered pollution by oil, chemicals, harmful substances in packaged form, sewage and garbage. 國(guó)際防止船舶造成污染公約( MARPOL)是1973年11月2日在IMO通過(guò)的，涵蓋了油污染、化學(xué)品污染、包裝形式的有毒物質(zhì)污染、生活污水污染及垃圾污染。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The

5、Protocol of 1978 relating to the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1978 MARPOL Protocol) was adopted at a Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention in February 1978 held in response to a spate of tanker accidents in 1976-1977. 關(guān)于1973年國(guó)際防止船舶造成污染公約197

6、8年議定書(shū)是在1978年2月針對(duì)1976年1977年發(fā)生的油船事故召開(kāi)的油船安全和防污染(國(guó)際外交)大會(huì)上通過(guò)的 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department (Measures relating to tanker design and operation were also incorporated into a Protocol of 1978 relating to the 1974 Convention on the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974). (關(guān)于油船設(shè)計(jì)及操作的措施也包括在關(guān)于1974年國(guó)際海上人命安全公約1978

7、年議定書(shū)中)。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department As the 1973 MARPOL Convention had not yet entered into force, 鑒于MARPOL 73公約當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)有生效， the 1978 MARPOL Protocol absorbed the parent Convention. 1978年MARPOL議定書(shū)吸收了兩個(gè)原始公約的內(nèi)容。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department The combined instrument is referred to as the

8、International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78), 這也就是經(jīng)1978年議定書(shū)修訂的1973年國(guó)際防止船舶造成污染公約， and it entered into force on 2 October 1983 (Annexes and ). 該公約從1983年10月2日生效(附則I和II)。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering

9、Department The Convention includes regulations aimed at preventing and minimizing pollution from ships 該公約包括多個(gè)條款，目的在于防止和減少船舶污染 - both accidental pollution and that from routine operations -包括事故性污染和常規(guī)操作污染。 and currently includes six technical Annexes: 目前公約包括六個(gè)技術(shù)附則：動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Departme

10、nt Annex Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Oil; 附則I 防止油類(lèi)污染規(guī)則； Annex Regulations for the Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substances in Bulk; 附則II 控制散裝有毒液體物質(zhì)污染規(guī)則； Annex Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form; 附則III 防止海運(yùn)包裝有害物質(zhì)污染規(guī)則；動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Pow

11、er Engineering Department Annex Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships; 附則IV 防止船舶生活污水污染規(guī)則； Annex Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships; 附則V 防止船舶垃圾污染規(guī)則； Annex Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships (entry into force 19 May 2005). 附則VI 防止船舶造成大氣污染規(guī)則(2005年5月19日生效)。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineeri

12、ng Department Discharge Standards 排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Notes: 注釋?zhuān)鹤⑨專(zhuān)?The table below provides a summary only. 下面的表格僅是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)要概述。 The text of the Convention should be consulted in order to obtain full details of the discharge requirements before undertaking any waste discharge at sea. 在海上進(jìn)行任何廢棄物排放之前，應(yīng)參照公約以獲得更加詳細(xì)的排放規(guī)

13、定。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department Different discharge standards apply in designated Special Areas. 被指定的每個(gè)“特殊區(qū)域”適用不同的排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 The text of the Convention should be consulted if details are required. 如需更詳細(xì)的資料，應(yīng)參考公約文本。 There are no Special Areas in Australian waters. 在澳大利亞水域沒(méi)有“特殊區(qū)域”。 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Powe

14、r Engineering Department The term from the Nearest Land means from the baseline from which the territorial sea of the territory in question is established in accordance with international law, “距最近陸地”一詞，系指距按照國(guó)際法劃定領(lǐng)土所屬領(lǐng)海的基線(xiàn)， 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department except off the east coast off the nor

15、th-eastern coast of Australia where it is measured from a line drawn around the outer edge of the Great Barrier Reef (Table 45-1) . 但下敘情況除外：就本公約而言，在澳大利亞?wèn)|北面“距最近陸地”系指從大堡礁外邊緣的分界線(xiàn)(表45-1)。動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentTable 45-1 Discharge criteria表45-1 排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pollution Type 污染類(lèi)型 Sub-Category子范疇 Wher

16、e/When discharge permitted允許排放的地點(diǎn)/時(shí)間 Oil (Annex I) 油(附則I) Oily waste from cargo tanks of oil tankers油船液貨艙含油廢棄物 More than 50 nautical miles from the nearest land; and距最近陸地50 n mile以上動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department Tanker is proceeding en route; and油船正在航行途中 Instantaneous rate of discharge = 400

17、 gross Ions (Note: also applies as far as practicable and reasonable to ships 12 nm from nearest land and depth of water is 25 m 船舶距最近陸地不少于12 n mile和水深不小于25 m處 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentHigh-viscosity or solidifying高黏度或易固化物質(zhì)Category Y Y類(lèi) Prewash in accordance with Convention, residues to

18、 be pumped ashore until tank is empty. Any water subsequently added may be discharged if: 按照公約要求預(yù)洗艙，殘余物被排放至岸上接收設(shè)備，并且該液貨艙完全排空，隨后加入該艙的任何水，如果滿(mǎn)足下列條件，可直接排放入海： 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering Department Ship is proceeding en route at a speed of at least 7 knots; and 船舶正在途中航行，船速至少為7 kn Discharge below the wate

19、rline; and 在水線(xiàn)以下排放 Ship is 12 nm from nearest land and depth of water is 25 m 船舶距最近陸地不少于12 n mile和水深不小于25 m處 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentCategory YY類(lèi)Category ZZ類(lèi) Ship is proceeding en route at a speed of at least 7 knots; and船舶正在途中航行，船速至少為7 knConcentration of substance in the wake of aster

20、n of ship 12 nm from nearest land and depth of water is 25 m 船舶距最近陸地不少于12 n mile和水深不小于25 m處 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentHarmful Packaged Substances (Annex ) 包裝有害物質(zhì)(附則III) Jettisoning prohibited 禁止投棄入海 Sewage(Annex )生活污水(附則IV) Comminuted and disinfected sewage using an approved system使用批準(zhǔn)的設(shè)

21、備業(yè)經(jīng)粉碎和消毒的生活污水 3 nm from nearest land 在距離最近陸地3 n mile以外 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentUntreated sewage 未經(jīng)處理的生活污水 12 nm from nearest land 在距離最近陸地12 n mile以外 Untreated sewage stored in holding tank 集油艙中存儲(chǔ)的未經(jīng)處理的生活污水 12 nm from nearest land; and在距離最近陸地12 n mile以外discharged at a moderate rate; and

22、以中等速率排放ship proceeding en route at a speed of at least 4 knots 船舶以不小于4 kn的船速航行 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentSewage from an IMO approved sewage treatment plant 來(lái)自經(jīng)IMO批準(zhǔn)的生活污水處理裝置的生活污水Effluent not 10 produce visible floating solids nor cause discolouration of the surrounding water 排出物在其周?chē)胁粦?yīng)產(chǎn)

23、生可見(jiàn)的漂浮固體，也不應(yīng)使水變色動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentGarbage (Annex )垃圾(附則V) Plastics, including synthetic ropes, synthetic fishing nets, plastic garbage bags and incinerator ashes from plastic products塑料制品包括合成纜繩、合成漁網(wǎng)及塑料垃圾袋以及塑料制品的焚燒爐灰燼 Prohibited 禁止處理入海 動(dòng)力工程系動(dòng)力工程系Power Engineering DepartmentDunnage, lining and packing materials which will float能漂浮的墊艙物料、襯料和包裝材料 25 nm from nearest land 在距離最近陸地25 n mile外處理入海 Food waste