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1、學習必備歡迎下載初中英語八種時態(tài)歸納復習一、一般現(xiàn)在時:a 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復發(fā)生的動作,He gets up at 6:00 everyday.b 表示現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài),The soup tastes good.c 永恒不變的真理,The sun rises in the east.時間狀語: always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek (day,a week, on Sundays, etc.year,month),once補充知識: 一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來的情況,1,可以表示按規(guī)定,計劃或時間表要發(fā)生的事,The plane takes off at

2、9:00. 2,在時間或條件從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來,If I see Nancy Ill ask her.I will disscuss with you when we meet.We will start as soon as you are ready.基本結構: be 動詞;行為動詞形式 : 一般現(xiàn)在時通常用動詞原形來表示。be 動詞用 am、is 、 are 。主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時動詞的變化規(guī)律:一般動詞后加-s ;以 s、x、ch、sh 結尾,加 -es ;以輔音字母加o 結尾,一般加 -es ;輔音字母加y 結尾,變 y 為 i 加 -es 。否定形式: am/is/ar

3、e+not;此時態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞,則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用doesn't ,同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句:把be 動詞放于句首;用助動詞do 提問,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù),則用does,同時,還原行為動詞。二、一般過去時:概念:過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài);過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。一般過去時用動詞的過去式表示。時間狀語: ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, o

4、ne day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本結構: be 動詞;行為動詞構成一般過去時用動詞的過去式表示。be 的過去式有was,were 兩種; have 的過去式是 had;規(guī)則動詞的過去式在動詞詞尾加-ed ,具體構成規(guī)則如下:1)一般情況, 動詞后加ed,例詞 work-worked ,clean-cleaned,play-played,wash-washed2)以不發(fā)音的e 結尾, -d ,例詞 live-lived,move-moved,hope-hoped ,arrive-arrived3)以輔音字母 +y 結尾,變 y 為 i再

5、加 -ed ,例詞 study-studied,carry-carried,cry-cried,identify-identified4)以輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié),雙寫最后一個輔音字母加stop-stopped, beg-begged ,grab-grabbed-ed ,例詞plan-planned否定形式: was/were+not;在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句: was 或 were 放于句首; 用助動詞do 的過去式did提問,同時還原行為詞。三、現(xiàn)在進行時:a. 表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。He is eating an ice cream.他正

6、在吃冰激凌。Let s wait. The children are crossing the street.b.表示當前一段時期內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作(說話時不一定正在進行)We are working on a farm these days?這些天我們在一個農(nóng)場干活。學習必備歡迎下載c. 表示位置移動或趨向的詞,如go, come, start, leave, arrive, move等常用進行時表將來。He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.I'm coming! What's the score now?我就來!現(xiàn)在比分是多少?

7、We are moving to a big house next month.下個月我們將搬到一所大房子里。d. 與 always, constantly, forever等詞連用,表示反復發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài),往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。You are always changing your mind.時間狀語: now, at this time, these days, etc.基本結構: am/is/are+doing現(xiàn)在分詞的構成規(guī)則1)一般情況,在動詞后加 ing ,例詞 work-working, study-studying , go-going2)以不發(fā)音的e 結尾,

8、去 e 再加 -ing ,例詞 have-having , live-living,take-taking3)重讀閉音節(jié),只有一個輔音字母結尾,雙寫該輔音字母,再加-ing ,例詞 cut-cutting stop-stopping, forget-forgetting,begin-beginning4)以 ie 結尾,變 ie 為 y 再加 -ing ,例詞 die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying否定形式: am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑問句:把be 動詞放于句首。一般現(xiàn)在時和現(xiàn)在進行時的區(qū)別(1) 一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作,現(xiàn)在進行時表示正

9、在發(fā)生的行為。a. He is cleaning his room now.他在打掃房間。He cleans his room every day.他每天都要打掃房間。b.They are visiting China.他們正在中國觀光。They often come to China for a visit.他們經(jīng)常來中國觀光。(2) 一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)??祭?Mr. Smith _ short stories, but he _ a TV play these days.A. is writing is writingB. is writing writesC. writes is

10、 writingD. writes writes中考真題及模擬Don t turn off the radio. I _ to the news.A. listenB. have listenedC. listenedD. am listening Have you seen Mr. Smith? Yes. Look, he _ his bike over there. Where s Susan, Mike? She _ in the kitchen. Have you got a job offer? Not yet. I _. Do you think John will help me

11、 move the piano? You d better not ask him. He _ a composition.A. writeB. writesC. is writingD. wrote學習必備歡迎下載 Where s the children, Mr Black? Oh, they _ their PE lesson on the playground.A. haveB. hadC. are havingD. have hadDon t turn on the TV. Grandma _ now.A. is sleeping B. will sleepC. sleptD. sl

12、eeps四、過去進行時:概念:表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。時間狀語: at this time yesterday, at that time或以 when 引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等?;窘Y構: was/were+doing否定形式: was/were + not + doing.一般疑問句:把 was 或 were 放于句首。1.Father_when I _yesterday morning.A. still slept, got upB .was still sleeping, got upC. is sleeping, got upD. slee

13、ps, get up2.She_apples in her garden when I_to see her yesterday.A. picked, wentB. was picking, wentC. picked, was goingD. was picking, was going五、現(xiàn)在完成時:概念: 過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果,或從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。時間狀語: recently, lately, sincefor ,in the past few years, etc.基本結構: have/has + done否定形式: have/has +

14、 not +done.一般疑問句: have 或 has 。主要用法現(xiàn)在完成時主要有兩種用法,一種是已完成用法,也叫影響性用法;另一種是未完成用法,也叫持續(xù)性用法。兩種用法的特點是:1). 已完成用法(影響性用法):表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個不太確定的時間,但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結果,同時說話者強調(diào)或感興趣的就是這個影響或結果. 還可表示剛剛、已經(jīng)做完某事, 曾經(jīng)或未曾做某事。 常與 already,just,yet ,ever,never ,the past few years ,before 等連用 , 如:Has she found her car key? 她找到她的車鑰匙了嗎?(對現(xiàn)在

15、的影響或結果:她能開她的車了嗎?)-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes, I have. I've just had it.你(已經(jīng))吃午飯了嗎?我剛剛吃過。(現(xiàn)在我不餓了)Astronauts have already been to the moon.宇航員已經(jīng)去過月球了。I haven t read your novel yet.我還沒有讀你的小說。He has never driven a car before.他過去從未開過車。Have you ever been a teacher? 你當過教師嗎?Our hometown has changed a l

16、ot in the past few years.我們家鄉(xiāng)在過去的幾年里變很大。2). 未完成用法(持續(xù)性用法):該用法的現(xiàn)在完成時表示一個過去發(fā)生的動作并未在過去完成,而是一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且有可能繼續(xù)下去 (也可能到此結束) 。常有下列標志: for+學習必備歡迎下載時間段( ten years, a long time等);since+ 時間點( two o clock, August 2003,等);recently ,so far, up to now等。如:How have you been ? 你近來怎樣?She has been a teacher for 20 years.她

17、已當了20 年的老師。How long have you been in Shanghai? 你在上海已經(jīng)多久了?I haven t seen her since last week.自上周以來我一直未見過她。I met him in 1975 and havent seen him since then. 1975年我見過他,但自那以后就一直未見到他。注: 1. 除以上用法外,現(xiàn)在完成時還可表示過去的重復動作甚至將來動作。如:He has always gone to work by bike.他總是騎自行車上班。I ll go to bed when I ve finished my ho

18、mework.我做完作業(yè)后就上床睡覺。2. 表示時間長度時,通常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替現(xiàn)在完成時。如:It s a long time since I met you last.好久不見了。It s about six months since we arrived here.我們到這里大約有半年了。時間狀語: before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.基本結構: had + done.否定形式: had + not + done.一般疑問句: had 放于句首。注意現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別1) 現(xiàn)在完成時的已完成用法很容易與一般過去時相混

19、淆,其區(qū)別是: 前者強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響和結果,后者不強調(diào)這個影響和結果,而是強調(diào)這個動作發(fā)生的時間是在過去。如:I ve lived here for ten years.我在這里住了 10 年。(現(xiàn)在仍住這兒)I lived here for ten years.我在這里住過10 年。(現(xiàn)在不住這兒了)Has he got up ? 他起來了嗎? (著眼現(xiàn)在情況)Did you get up very early? 你起得很早嗎?(著眼動作本身)I ve got no news from him.我沒聽到他的消息。 (不知道他的情況怎樣)I got the news from Jim.這消息我

20、是從吉姆那聽來的。(單純談論動作)2)過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。注意現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別1) 現(xiàn)在完成時的已完成用法很容易與一般過去時相混淆,其區(qū)別是: 前者強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響和結果,后者不強調(diào)這個影響和結果,而是強調(diào)這個動作發(fā)生的時間是在過去。如:I ve lived here for ten years.我在這里住了 10 年。(現(xiàn)在仍住這兒)I lived here for ten years.我在這里住過10 年。(現(xiàn)在不住這兒了)Has he got up ? 他起來了嗎? (著眼現(xiàn)在情況)Did you get up v

21、ery early? 你起得很早嗎?(著眼動作本身)I ve got no news from him.我沒聽到他的消息。 (不知道他的情況怎樣)I got the news from Jim.這消息我是從吉姆那聽來的。(單純談論動作)2)過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week, ago, in1980, in October, just now,具體的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / unti

22、l, up to now, always, the學習必備歡迎下載past few years共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, once,before, already, recently, lately例: 1. The teacher was already in the room when I arrived.我到的時候,老師已經(jīng)在屋里了。2. I have already waited two years.我都等了兩年了。3.I haven't seen him recently.我最近沒有看到他。4. I recently

23、moved to this area.我最近搬到這一帶來了。5.-Have you met him today?-No, I haven't.今天你見過他嗎?我沒有。6. How many times have you been there this year?今年你去過那里多少次?六、過去完成時:概念: 以過去某個時間為標準, 在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為, 或在過去某動作之前完成的行為,即“過去的過去”。過去完成時是把時間推移到過去某一時間之前,與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系,由had + -ed分詞構成。它的主要用法有三個,即“已完成用法”,“未完成用法”和“虛擬用法”已完成用法表示一個動作或狀態(tài)

24、在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成. 未完成用法表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)開始,一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間,而且到那時還未結束,仍有繼續(xù)下去的可能性。過去完成時-基本用法(1)表示在過去某一時刻或動作以前完成了的動作,即“過去的過去”。過去去完成時可以用 by, before 等介詞短語或一個 時間狀語從句 來表示,也可以用一個表示過去的動作來表示,還可能通過上下文來表示。By nine o clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.到昨晚 9點鐘,我們已經(jīng)收到200 張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。(2)表

25、示由過去的某一時刻開始,一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài),常和for,since構成的時間狀語連用。He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他說自從1949 年以來他就在那家工廠工作。( 3)敘述過去發(fā)生的事情,在已敘述了過去發(fā)生的事情后,反過來追述或補述以前發(fā)生的動作時,常使用過去完成時。I didn t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.我對動詞一無所知,因為我沒有好好學習功課。( 4)在含有 定語從句 的主從 復合句 中,如果敘述的是過去的

26、事,先發(fā)生的動作常用過去完成時She found the key that she had lost.她丟失的鑰匙找到了。( 5)過去完成時常常用在賓語從句(或間接引語)中,這時從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動作之前。I thought I had sent the letter a week before.我認為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。(6)在包含有when, until等連詞 的復合句中,如果主句謂語動詞和從句謂語動詞所表示的過去動作不是同時發(fā)生的,那么先發(fā)生的動作通常用過去完成時表示。She didn t go to bed until she had finished he wo

27、rk.她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。注意:如果兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生,則常常不用過去完成時,特別是在包含before和 after的復合句中, 因為這時從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的先后順序已經(jīng)非常明確,這時可以用學習必備歡迎下載一般過去時代替過去完成時。(7)動詞 think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend的想法,希望,打算或意圖等。等用過去完成時來表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)We had hoped to be able to come and see you .我們本來希望能來看看你。(8)過去完成時還可用在hardly when , no sooner than , Itw

28、as the first(second,etc) time (that)等固定句型中。It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。過去完成時與一般過去時 的區(qū)別雖然這兩種時態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),但在使用時應注意以下幾點:1. 時間狀語不同:過去完成時在時間上強調(diào)“過去的過去”;而一般過去時只強調(diào)過去某一特定的時間。比較: They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.They arrived at the station at

29、 ten yesterday.2. 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標志時,謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷:先發(fā)生的用過去完成時,后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時。She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in thecomposition competition.3. 當兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作用and 或 but 連接時, 按時間順序, 只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時;另外,在before , after , as soon as 引導的 從句

30、中,由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時間的先后,因此也可以用過去時 來代替過去完成時。He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.七、一般將來時:概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。時間狀語: tomorrow,next day(week,month, year ),soon,in a few minutes,by,theday after tomorrow, etc.形式:( 1)“ be going to/助動詞will/be to+動詞原形”,主語是I 、 we 時,助動詞也可用

31、shall. be goingto do表示根據(jù)計劃或安排將要做某事,也可表示根據(jù)目前情況判斷很有可能但不是注定會發(fā)生某事;will/ shall do表示根據(jù)計劃或安排將要做某事,也可以表示不以人的意志為轉移的客觀規(guī)律,be to do表示根據(jù)計劃或安排將要做某事,也可以表示征求對方意見,還可以表示必要性或可能性。He will go to his hometown next week.學習必備歡迎下載They are going to meet outside the school gate.(2) come, go, start, move, sail, leave等非延續(xù)性動詞常用進行

32、時表示按計劃將要發(fā)生的事。The whole family is going for two weeks.全家要去兩個星期。My sister is coming to see me. She ll be here soon.(3)在時間或條件狀語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。I ll go to see you if it doesnt rain tomorrow.基本結構:am/is/are/going to + do;will/shall + do.否定形式:was/were + not;在行為動詞前加didn't,同時還原行為動詞。一般疑問句:be 放于句首;will/

33、shall提到句首。八、過去將來時:概念:立足于過去某一時刻,從過去看將來,常用于賓語從句中。時間狀語: the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.一般過去將來時的出發(fā)點是過去,即從過去某一時刻看以后要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。一般過去將來時常用于間接引語中He said they would arrange a party.他說他們將安排一個晚會。I asked if he would come and fix my TV set.我問他是否來幫我修電視機 。一般過去將來時可用來表示非真實的動作或狀態(tài)If I had a ch

34、ance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University.如果我有機會出國學習的話,我就會去劍橋大學 。I wish he would go with me to the cinema tonight.今晚他能和我一起去看電影就好了。過去將來時間其他表達法was/were going to +動詞原形He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired.他說他退休后要住在農(nóng)村。They thought it was going to rain.他們認為天要下

35、雨了。was/were +動詞 -ing形式Nobody knew whether the guests were coming.I was told that the train was leaving in a few minutes.沒人知道客人們是否要來。學習必備歡迎下載我被告知火車幾分鐘后就要開了。 was/were + 動詞不定式She said she was to clean the classroom after school.她說她放學后要打掃教室。It was reported that another bridge was to be built across the

36、Yangtse River.據(jù)報道長江上將要再建一座大橋。"was/weregoing to +動詞原形 " 或 "was/were+動詞不定式完成式" 可表示未能實現(xiàn)的過去將來時間的動作。Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained.上星期天我們本想去游覽長城的,但卻下雨了。(沒有去成)I was to have helped with the performance, but I got flu the day before.我是打算幫忙演出的,但前天我感冒了。(沒有

37、幫上忙) was/were about to do"was/were about to do"表示說話的瞬間就會發(fā)生的動作。I felt something terrible was about to happen.我覺得有可怕的事要發(fā)生了。 was/were on the point of doingI m glad you have come. I was on the point of calling you, but you ve saved methe trouble now.很高興你來了。我正準備給你打電話,現(xiàn)在你省去我這個麻煩了。"be about

38、todo"和 "beon thepointofdoing"結構一般不與表示將來的時間狀語連用,但后面可以接when 引導的分句。Iwas abouttostartwhen itsuddenlybegan torain.我正要動身天突然下雨了?;窘Y構:was/were/going to + do; would/should + do.否定形式:was/were/not + going to + do; would/should + not + do.一般疑問句:was 或 were 放于句首; would/should提到句首。 . 幾種常見時態(tài)的相互轉換英語中的

39、幾種時態(tài)在一定情況下可以互相轉換,以下是幾種常見的轉換形式:一、一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的轉換在現(xiàn)在完成時中,延續(xù)性動詞能與表示一段時間的狀語連用,瞬間動詞卻不能。但是,可用別的表達方式:瞬間動詞用于“一段時間+ ago”的一般過去時的句型中;瞬間動詞可改成與之相對應的延續(xù)性動詞及短語,與一段時間連用;瞬間動詞用于“Itis + 一段時學習必備歡迎下載間 + since +一般過去時”的句型中,表示“自從以來有時間”的意思,主句一般用 it is來代替 It has been;瞬間動詞用于“ Some time has passed since +一般過去時”的句型中。請看:A. He join

40、ed the League two years ago.B. He has been in the League for two years.C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.二、一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時的轉換在一般現(xiàn)在時中,at 加上名詞表示“處于某種狀態(tài)”,如at work (在工作) , at school(上學、上課)等。此短語可與進行時態(tài)轉換。請看:Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Pe

41、ter is working, but Mike is playing.三、現(xiàn)在進行時與一般將來時的轉換在現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)中go, come, leave, start, arrive等動詞常與表示將來的時間狀語連用表示將要發(fā)生的動作。如:I am coming, Mum!意為“我就來,媽媽!”請看:The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.四、“ be going to+動詞原形”與“will(shall)+動詞原形”結構的轉換“be going to+ 動詞原形”、表示打算、計劃要做的事;將來時“will(shall)+動詞原形”結

42、構在書面語中,當主語為第一人稱時,常用助動詞shall。在口語中,所有人稱都可以用will。請看:We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday用括號中動詞的適當?shù)男问教羁铡? The boy is happy because he _(sell) out all thenewspapers.2 The plan _(give) up because of rain.3 If it _(not rain) tomorrow, we _(go )fishing.4

43、 Where _you_(be) these days?學習必備歡迎下載5Where is Tom? He _(go) to the post office. He said he _(come)back soon.6 Mikesays he_(want )tobe aworkerafterhe_(finish )school.7The last bus _just _(leave) when they_(get) to thebus stop.8 She _(not go) to bed until she _(finish) herwork.9 Light _(travel )much f

44、aster than sound.10I _(feel) much better after I _(take) the medicine.11”Where _we_(meet)?”“ Lets meet outside the park gate”.12I_(be) afraid Mr Johnson _(not visit) out school tomorrow.13I _(lost) my bike ._you _(see) it anywhere?14_this kind of car _(produce) in Shanghai?15We _(see) several member

45、s of the family since we_(arrive)16I found that the students _(play) football on the playground.17The shop _(close) at this time of day.18Where _your watch _(lose)?19_the doctor _(send) for last night?20Three children _(take) good care by the nurse.21Some children _(take ) good care by the nurse.22S

46、ome new houses _(build) by the villagers themselves.23What language _(speak) in Australia?24The colour TV _(buy) in that shop three days ago.25He said he _(stay) here for another two days.26The doctor said Jim must _(operate ) on at once.27“ _the bridge _(repair) yet?”“ Yes, the workers_already_(rep

47、air) it.”28We are in Grade One this year, so we _(teach )physics next year.29“Where _(be) you last night?”“ I_(ask) to help Tom at home”學習必備歡迎下載30The big tree _(blow)down in the storm last night.31I_ never _(eat) such delicious noodles before.32When we reached the town, it _(get) dark.33We _(have) lunch when suddenly someone knocked at the door.34Lucy said she _(visit) the school the next month.35I _(wait) until he comes back.36You _(watch) TV after supper, arent you?37They _(be) to that small village several t

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