動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞作定語(yǔ)區(qū)別

1、動(dòng)詞的不定式分詞 .動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別及其用法、搭配。答：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式。動(dòng)名詞和分詞三種形式 , 分詞又包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。這三種形式都是由動(dòng)詞變來(lái)的 , 但在句子中都不能作謂語(yǔ) , 故這三種形式被稱(chēng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。下面就這三種形式在用法上的區(qū)別淺析如下:一、動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞在句子中均可作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)在表示一個(gè)具體的。個(gè)別的或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作時(shí), 要用動(dòng)詞不定式。如:My job is to teach the first-year students grammar.To study English well is very important.在表示比較抽象的一般的行為和動(dòng)作時(shí), 二者可以

2、互換。如:To climb mountains is a good form of exercise.Climbing mountains is a good form of exercise.二、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)詞不定式都可以作定語(yǔ)1. 動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí) , 和它所修飾的名詞之間沒(méi)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系 , 只表示被修飾名詞的一般用途 , 必須位于名詞之前。如 :There is a swimming pool in our school.2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí) , 和它所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系 , 表示所修飾名詞的特征。如 :Listen to the singing bird.W

3、ho is the boy running towards us。3. 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí) , 當(dāng)所修飾的名詞指人時(shí) , 和它所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如 :He is always the first to come to school.當(dāng)所修飾的名詞指物時(shí), 和它所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如:I have a meeting to attend.如果作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞, 需加上相應(yīng)的介詞。如:I have no room to live in.There is nothing for me to worry about.三、動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞均可作賓語(yǔ)

4、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí), 表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生, 動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程已經(jīng)結(jié)束。如:I heard him knock at the door three times.(=I heard he knocked at the door three times ( 動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程已經(jīng)結(jié)束 )現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí), 表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。如:I heard him knocking at the door.(=I heardhe was knockingat thedoor.( 動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行 )過(guò)去分詞也可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如:I found the glass broken.(= I found the g

5、lass was broken.)注意 : 動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí), 在動(dòng)詞 make,let,have,see,notice,hear,watch,observe,feel,listen to等后面要省略不定式符號(hào)to 。如 :I hear him play.The teacher made him do the exercises again.help 后的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí), 不定式符號(hào)to 可加可不加。如 :He often helps me to study English in his spare time.當(dāng)這些動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí), 原不定式必須加上to 。如 :He w

6、as seen to repair the machine.四、動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞均可作賓語(yǔ)1. 下列動(dòng)詞后只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ) : hope, agree, decide, manage, wish, refuse, dare, promise 等。如 :He has promised to lend me the dictionary.2. 下列動(dòng)詞后只能跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ): enjoy, finish, avoid, practise, mind,escape, excuse, suggest, consider(考慮 ), give up, can't help等。如 :He wan

7、ts to give up smoking.They practise speaking English every day.3. 在動(dòng)詞 remember,forget,regret,stop,try等后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí), 意義上有所差別。如:He forgot telling me the news.他忘了曾經(jīng)告訴過(guò)我這個(gè)消息。He forgot to tell me the news.他忘了要把這個(gè)消息告訴我。五、動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞均可作狀語(yǔ)不定式作狀語(yǔ)通常表示或"原因" 等。如 :"目的 "或"程度 "分詞作狀語(yǔ)通常表示" 伴隨情況" 。"時(shí)間 "He went to the library to borrow a book (表目的 )The boy sat at the desk reading a book.(表伴隨情況)六、動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞均有復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):for sb.(not) to do