初三英語虛擬語氣講解及練習(xí)題

1、淺談初中英語虛擬語氣的用法一語氣的概念英語動(dòng)詞不僅有時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)等的變化，而且還有語氣的變化。語氣和時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)一樣都是英語的語法現(xiàn)象。從形式上看，語氣是動(dòng)詞的一種變化形式。從意義上講，語氣是表示說話人對(duì)某一行為或某一事情的看法和態(tài)度。根據(jù)說話人的意圖，語氣可分3 種：直陳語氣（又叫陳述語氣） 用來陳述事實(shí)（或提問題）等。可以用于陳述句，也可以用于疑問句或感嘆句。祈使語氣 用來提出請(qǐng)求或命令等。主要用于祈使句。虛擬語氣 見下面。語氣和時(shí)態(tài)是截然不同的概念，但語氣要通過動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)形式表示出來。二虛擬語氣概念通常是表示說話人所說的話不是一種事實(shí)，而是一種純粹的假設(shè)、虛擬、 主觀愿望或建議等?？梢杂糜陉?/p>

2、述句，也可以用于疑問句等。動(dòng)詞形式 虛擬語氣的動(dòng)詞形式大多數(shù)情況是用動(dòng)詞（相應(yīng)）的過去時(shí)（相對(duì)直陳語氣而言）。動(dòng)詞 be 若用過去式時(shí)可以一律用 were。應(yīng)用 在含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中的應(yīng)用。表示純粹的假設(shè)，或可能性很小的情況。主從句的謂語動(dòng)詞主要形式如下：從句主句對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r假設(shè)時(shí)過去式would + 動(dòng)詞原形對(duì)過去的情況假設(shè)時(shí)had + done（過去完成時(shí)）would + have + done例： 1） If I were you, I dwear a shirt and tie.2） What would you do if you had a million dolla

3、rs ?3） If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.4） If he hadn tbeen strict with himself, he wouldn thave made such progress. 在 wish 等賓語從句中的應(yīng)用。 表示純粹的主觀愿望， 不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的， 或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性極小的情況。賓語從句謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)具體情況常可用一般過去時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)或過去完成時(shí)等。例如： 1） I wish that I could help him now.我現(xiàn)在要是能幫上他該多好啊！或我多么希望現(xiàn)在能幫上他?。?/p>

4、言下之意：我現(xiàn)在幫不上他，沒能力幫助他）2） I wish I could come here tomorrow.明天我要是能來這兒就好了?。ㄑ韵轮猓?我明天根本不可能來這兒，3） We wish he hadn tgone. 他要是沒有走該多好??！或我明天能來這兒的可能性很小） 用在 suggest 等的賓語從句中，表是純粹的建議。句型為： suggest(ed) that (should) + 動(dòng)詞原形 （ should 可省略）1） He suggests that we(should) visit the museum.2) We suggested that he _ here e

5、very day.A. come B. comes C . came D. can come E. could come虛擬語氣的幾種特殊用法1.省掉 if 的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)：Had you asked me, I would have told you.(=If you had asked me,)2.有時(shí)虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞或定語從句來表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend, he.)(=If there were no water,(=If you h

6、adn t helped me,)精選文庫例句： Without your advice, our meeting wouldnt have been so successfully過去. （ =>可轉(zhuǎn)換為： If there hadnt been your advice, we）Your notes are almost illegible ( 難以辨認(rèn)的 ). Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. 將來 (=> 可轉(zhuǎn)換為： If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot

7、 easier to read.)I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease. 過去 (=> 可轉(zhuǎn)換為： If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he .)3. 有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果從句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，如：If he had followed the doctor s advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.五、虛擬語氣

8、的其他用法1、 Suggest, advise 等動(dòng)詞之后賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand,require, insist, urge, request, order, +that (should )+動(dòng)詞原形 devide, ask, move, propose 等注意：在此結(jié)構(gòu)中that 不可省略； should 省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述動(dòng)詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)，that 引導(dǎo)的從句仍用虛擬語氣。He made a request tha

9、t they (should ) stop smoking.如果 that 引導(dǎo)的從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是事實(shí)，也可用陳述語氣。He insists that he is right.2、 It is (was )+necessary, a pity等 +that 引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：imperative, advisable,動(dòng)詞完成式It is (was) + impo rtant,natural, necessary, +that (should) +essential, strange,等動(dòng)詞原形It is important that you (should) foll

10、ow the doctor s orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.3、 wish 的用法動(dòng)詞過去式或were 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反主語 +wish(that)+ 主語 +動(dòng)詞過去完成式 與過去事實(shí)相反助動(dòng)詞過去試 +動(dòng)詞原形 與將來事實(shí)相反I wish I were a pop singer.(=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.)I wish I had never stopped teaching.(=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish th

11、ey d let us get some sleep.注意： wish 與 hope 接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于：hope 表示一般可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣。wish 表示很難或不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比較：（ 1） We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)（ 2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、 as if, as though, would(had) rather(that) 引導(dǎo)的從句須用虛擬語氣，如：He acts

12、 as if nothing had happened.I would rat her you didn t tell him.5、 It s (high) time that 動(dòng)詞過+去式或should+ 動(dòng)詞原形，如：It s time (that) you had a hair cut.It s high time (that) we took some action.-2精選文庫虛擬語氣專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題(1). If Iyou, I would go by plane. Flying is much faster.A. beB. wasC. wereD. am(2). I do not th

13、ink those people are really English. If they were, they_speak with French accents.A. don'tB. will notC. mustn'tD. wouldn't(3) _today, would we be able to get there by Tuesday?A. Were we leavingB. If we leaveC. Would we leaveD. Were we to leave(4). If Jone_tomorrow, what would you do?A. w

14、ere not to comeB. will not comeC. would not comeD. had not come(5).“ She didn't ask me, so I didn't help her?”“ You mean to say_, you would've helped her ?”A. if she asked youB. if she were to ask youC.had she asked youC. were she to ask you(6). They took the injured straight to the hosp

15、ital. Otherwise some of them_.A. might have diedB. might dieC. would die D. could die(7). If they had known him, _to him?A. would they have talkedB. would they talkC.had they talkedD. they would talk(8). If I lived in the city, I _travel in croweded buses, but I_to see lots offilms.A. shall have to/

16、shall be ableB. shall have to/am ableC. would have to/were ableD. would have to/would be able(9). I would have gone to the concert, if I_time.A. had hadB. have hadC. hadD. would have had(10). _I know it, I would have told you.A. HaveB. IfC. HadD. Having(11). _your help, I would not have succeeded.A.

17、 BecauseB. Because ofC. ButD. But for(12).“ What did Mr Smith say about his career?”“ Only that if he_ a millionaire, he would have fewer worries.”A. did not becomeB. had not becomeC. does not becomeD. has not become(13).“ Why didn't you help him?”“ I would have_ I didn't have the money.A. s

18、till”B. butC. otherwiseD. or(14).“ Who should go to see Li Ying? He is ill today.”“ I suggest Wang Hong_.”A. goesB. would goC. goD. went(15). The housemaster was strict. He requested that we_television on week nights.A. not watchB. must not to watchC. not be watchingD. have not watch(16). I can'

19、t speak Japanese, but I do wish I_.A. canB. couldC. hadD. speak(17).“ Are you enjoying your stay here?“ Yes, very much.I wish I_ have to leave so soon.”A. won'tB. don'tC. mustn'tD. didn't(18).“ What will you do during the summer holidays?”“ I don't know, but it's about time _

20、on something.”A. I'm decidingB. I'll decide C. I decidedD. I'd decided(19). I'd rather you_ anything about it for the time being.A. sayB. didn't sayC. don't sayD. not say(20).“ Why do you have to be there at six?”“ The teacher demands that everyone_in his seat at six.”A. woul

21、d beB. can beC. beD. will be(21). He makes a note of the assignment lest he_it.A. forgetsB. forgetC. will forgetD. will not forget(22). “ how does the librarian act?”“ He acts as if he_a walking dictionary.A. were”B. beC. isD. has been(23). There is a law that drunken drivers_ severely punished.A. w

22、ereB. areC. beD. will be-3精選文庫(24). I wish you _interrupt when I'm talking on the phone.A. will notB. would notC. do notD. did not(25). Henry talks to his dog as if it _ him.A. understandsB. understoodC. understandD. would understand(26). Jeff looked as if he _a ghost.A. sawB. has seenC. had see

23、nD. would see(27). Give her my best regards, _.A. should you see her todayB. if you saw her todayC. if you would see her todayD. should you have seen her today(28). There was a suggestion by the teachers that the meeting_postponed for a week.A. had beenB. would beC. wasD. should be(29). It is highly

24、 desirable that every effort_to reduce pollution in Bei jing.A. was madeB. be madeC. will be madeD. would be made(30). The manager would rather that his wife_work in the same office as he dose.A. does notB. did notC. would notD. will not(31). The teacher insisted that we all_ back by two o'clock.A. beB. to beC. would beD. shall be(32). I didn't go to the football match, but I do wish I _there.A. wentB. wasC. wereD.had been(33). It is high time we_drug trafficking.(販毒 )A. did away withB. do away withC. did awayD. should do away with() 1. If my father _ here now, he _ tell