計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)

1、 Computer English 葉賽葉賽 一、課程簡(jiǎn)介：教學(xué)目的、大綱一、課程簡(jiǎn)介：教學(xué)目的、大綱二、上課要求及考試二、上課要求及考試 考試方式：考試方式： 1.平時(shí)：考勤、作業(yè)、期中平時(shí)：考勤、作業(yè)、期中-20% 2.期末：閉卷考試期末：閉卷考試70%n參考教材參考教材n計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)實(shí)用教程，劉兆毓、鄭家農(nóng)，清華大學(xué)出版社，2006n計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)實(shí)用教程，張家強(qiáng)、宋德富，清華大學(xué)出版社，2005第一講第一講 Computer Ooverviewn基本要求基本要求:n了解計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)n掌握與計(jì)算機(jī)類(lèi)型相關(guān)的詞匯n重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：n大量單詞的歸類(lèi)記憶n一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解

2、n n 計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)的計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)的3 大特點(diǎn)大特點(diǎn) n 1專(zhuān)業(yè)性專(zhuān)業(yè)性n 2客觀性客觀性n 3實(shí)義性實(shí)義性n二、詞匯二、詞匯n1歸納記憶（Computer相關(guān)詞匯）n desktop/desktop computer 臺(tái)式機(jī)n handheld/handheld computer 手持式計(jì)算機(jī)n laptop/laptop computer 膝上型計(jì)算機(jī)n mainframe 主機(jī),大型機(jī)n microcomputer 微型計(jì)算機(jī)n minicomputer 小型計(jì)算機(jī)n notebook/notebook computer 筆記本n palmtop/palmtop computer 掌上型計(jì)算

3、機(jī)n personal computer 個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)n supercomputer 超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)n tablet computer 平板電腦n workstation 工作站2比較記憶 tube與transistor tube意思是電子管，transistor為晶體管3縮略詞 DVD: digital video disk 數(shù)字(激光)視盤(pán) IC: integrated circuit 集成電路n三、例句講解三、例句講解:n1American naval officer and mathematician naval officer and mathematician Grace Murray

4、Hopper in 1952 wrote the first program that turned English computer instructions into the strings of ones and zeros that make computer work.n2Computers become even more effective when connected to other computers in a network so user can share information.n四、穿插知識(shí)點(diǎn)四、穿插知識(shí)點(diǎn):n1The lines between the bloc

5、ks represent the flow of information from one component to another on the bus, which is simply a group of wires connecting the components.n2As technology advances，the processing capabilities previously possible only on large machines become possible on smaller machines.n3Computer designers are fond

6、of calling their computer machines, so the instruction set is some times referred to as machine instructions and the binary language in which they are written is called machine language.n補(bǔ)充詞匯補(bǔ)充詞匯 instruction set 指令集 processor 處理器 operation 操作、操作碼、操作碼指令 operand 操作數(shù) clock 時(shí)鐘 control unit 控制器 arithmeti

7、c and logic unit 算術(shù)/邏輯部件 machine language 機(jī)器語(yǔ)言n四、作業(yè)（英譯漢）四、作業(yè)（英譯漢）n1As technology advances, the processing capabilities previously possible only on large machines become possible on smaller machines.n2In some ways, it is analogues to a telephone switch-board with intelligence because it makes the con

8、nections between various functional units of the computer system and calls into operation each unit that is required by the program currently in operation.第二講第二講 How Computer Workn基本要求基本要求:n掌握計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯的5種構(gòu)詞方式n掌握與計(jì)算機(jī)硬件相關(guān)的詞匯n重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：n大量單詞的歸類(lèi)記憶n一、專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞方式一、專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞方式n 1. 派生詞派生詞(derivation)n 2. 復(fù)合詞復(fù)合詞

9、(compounding) n 3. 混成詞混成詞(blending) n 4. 縮略詞縮略詞(shortening)n 5. 借用詞借用詞(borrowing)n1. 派生詞派生詞(derivation)這類(lèi)詞匯在計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)中非常多,它是根據(jù)已有的詞加上某種前、后綴而構(gòu)成的詞。如:. 前綴(1)multi - 多multiprogram 多道程序multiprotocol 多協(xié)議在公共英語(yǔ)中這兩個(gè)詞是不存在的,而在計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)中卻經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。如:Whats the advantage of multiprogram ?How does the multiprotocol work ?Multim

10、edia 多媒體multiplex 多路復(fù)用n(2) inter - 相互interface 接口、界面interlace 隔行掃描, interlock 聯(lián)鎖(3) hyper - 超級(jí)hypermedia 超媒體, hypertext 超文本hyperswitch 超級(jí)交換機(jī)(4)micro - 微型Microsoft 微軟, microprocessor 微處理器, microcode 微代碼, microchannel 微通道n. 后綴(1) scope 探測(cè)儀器 telescope 望遠(yuǎn)鏡spectroscope 分光鏡(2) - ware 件、部件hardware 硬件softwa

11、re 軟件firmware 固件, groupware 組件, freeware 贈(zèng)件 n2. 復(fù)合詞復(fù)合詞(compounding) 復(fù)合詞是計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)中的另一大類(lèi)詞匯, 通常分為復(fù)合名詞、復(fù)合形容詞、復(fù)合動(dòng)詞等。通常以連字符“ - ”連接單詞構(gòu)成。如:point - to - point 點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)plug - and - play 即插即用 point - and - click 點(diǎn)擊line - by - line 逐行front - user 前端用戶(hù)pull - down 下拉store - and - forward 存儲(chǔ)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)sign - on 登錄man - carrying ai

12、rcraft 載人飛船time - consuming operation 耗時(shí)操作3. 混成詞(blending) 混成詞不論在公共英語(yǔ)還是計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)也大量出現(xiàn),它們多是名詞。這類(lèi)詞匯將兩個(gè)單詞的前部拼接、前后拼接或?qū)⒁粋€(gè)單詞前部與另一詞拼接構(gòu)成新的詞匯。如:compuser = computer + user 計(jì)算機(jī)用戶(hù)transeiver = transmitter + receiver 收發(fā)機(jī)syscall = system + call 系統(tǒng)調(diào)用Modem(調(diào)制解調(diào)器) =modulator(調(diào)制器)+demodulator(解調(diào)器) n4. 縮略詞(shortening)縮略詞是將

13、較長(zhǎng)的英語(yǔ)單詞取其首部或者主干構(gòu)成與原詞同義的短單詞,或者將組成詞匯短語(yǔ)的各個(gè)單詞的首字母拼接為一個(gè)大寫(xiě)字母的字符串。在計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)中,采用了大量的縮略詞作為標(biāo)識(shí)符、名稱(chēng)等。縮略詞開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)時(shí),通常在其后跟有原形單詞,久而久之,隨著縮略詞地位的確認(rèn),人們的接受和認(rèn)可,作為注釋性的后者也就消失了。 nradar (radio detecting and ranging 無(wú)線(xiàn)電探測(cè)與定位) 雷達(dá)laser (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation受激光發(fā)射放大器) 激光sonar (sound navigation and r

14、anging 聲波搜索與定位) 聲納BASIC (Beginners All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)初學(xué)者通用符號(hào)指令代碼ADE (Application Development Environment) 應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境n5. 借用詞(borrowing)這一類(lèi)詞一般來(lái)自廠商名、商標(biāo)名、產(chǎn)品代號(hào)、發(fā)明者名、地名等,通過(guò)將普通公共英語(yǔ)詞匯演變成專(zhuān)業(yè)詞意而實(shí)現(xiàn)。有的則是將原來(lái)已經(jīng)有的詞匯賦予新的含義。如:woofer 低音喇叭tweeter 高音喇叭f(wàn)irewall 防火墻mailbomb 郵件炸彈fitfall 子程序入口 n二、詞匯二、詞匯n1歸納記

15、憶歸納記憶ncomputer hardwarenmemory ROM 只讀存儲(chǔ)器n RAM 隨機(jī)(存取)存儲(chǔ)器n hard disk 硬盤(pán)n floppy disk 軟盤(pán)n compact disc 光盤(pán)n flash disk 閃存n main memory、primary storage 主存n auxiliary storage、secondary storage 輔存nmain board、motherboard 主板nprocessor 處理器nvideo card、graphics card 顯卡nsound card 聲卡nhost computer 主機(jī)npower suppl

16、y 電源n單位nbit 比特nbyte 字節(jié)nkilobyte 千字節(jié)nmegabyte 兆字節(jié)ngigabyte 吉字節(jié)nterabyte 太字節(jié)n2縮略詞縮略詞nCPU: central processing unit nROM: read-only memorynRAM: random-access memorynCD: compact discnLCD: liquid crystal displaynCRT: cathode ray tuben3比較記憶比較記憶:ndisk與disc：n三、例句講解三、例句講解:n1Frequently, several instructions ma

17、y be in process simultaneously, each at a different stage in its instruction cycle.n2. The physical memory of a computer is either random-access memory, which can be read or changed by the user or computer, or read-only memory, which can be read by the computer.n四、穿插知識(shí)點(diǎn)四、穿插知識(shí)點(diǎn)nA processor is a funct

18、ional unit that interpret and carries out instructions. Every processor comes with a unique set of operations such as ADD, STORE, or LOAD that represent the processors instruction set.nA timer called a clock releases precisely timed electrical signals that provide a regular pulse for the processors

19、work.nA processor is composed of two functional unitsa control unit and an ALUand a set of special workspaces called register.n五、補(bǔ)充詞匯五、補(bǔ)充詞匯nAli（Acer Lab，宏棋實(shí)驗(yàn)室）ASF（Applied Science Fiction）AMD（Advanced Micro Device，超微半導(dǎo)體）AMI（American Megatrends Incorporated）EAR（Extreme Audio Reality）HP（Hewlett-Packard

20、，美國(guó)惠普公司）IBM（International Business Machine，國(guó)際商業(yè)機(jī)器）IDG（International Data Group，國(guó)際數(shù)據(jù)集團(tuán)）IMS（International Meta System）nMLE（Microsoft Learning and Entertainment，微軟教學(xué)與娛樂(lè)公司）MS（Microsoft，微軟）NAI（Network Associates Incorporation，前身為McAfee）NS（National Semiconductor，國(guó)家半導(dǎo)體）PMI（Pacific Magtron International）SCE

21、（Sony Computer Entertainment，索尼計(jì)算機(jī)娛樂(lè)部）SGI（Silicon Graphics）SiS（Silicon Integrated Systems，硅片綜合系統(tǒng)公司）UMC（United Microelectronics Corporation，臺(tái)灣聯(lián)華電子公司，半導(dǎo)體制造商）WD（Western Digital，西部數(shù)據(jù)）n作業(yè)（英譯漢）作業(yè)（英譯漢）n1Registers in the control unit are used to keep track of the overall status of the program that is runnin

22、g.n2An instruction is made up of operations that specify the function to be performed and operands that represent the data to be operated on.n3P7： n P15：第三講第三講 Using E-Mailn基本要求基本要求:n了解E-mail的組成n了解EDI和EFTn重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：n大量單詞的記憶n一、一、E-Mailn1詞匯詞匯nfolder 文件夾nmailing list 郵件發(fā)送清單，郵件列表nspam 垃圾郵件（與junk mail意

23、思相同）nclient 客戶(hù)n（client application 客戶(hù)應(yīng)用程序；client program 客戶(hù)程序；client-server computing客戶(hù)機(jī)/服務(wù)器計(jì)算；client-server model 客戶(hù)機(jī)/服務(wù)器模型）nserver 服務(wù)器n（server processes 服務(wù)器進(jìn)程；server administrators 服務(wù)器管理員；server scoket 服務(wù)器插口）nwebsite 網(wǎng)站，站點(diǎn)（webmaster 網(wǎng)站管理員）nheader 標(biāo)題，題頭nattachment 附件nrecipient 收件人ndownload 下載ntextb

24、ox 文本框n（text-based browser 文本瀏覽器；text area window 文本區(qū)窗口；text filter 文本過(guò)濾器；text file 文本文件）ninformation superhighway 信息高速公路n2例句講解例句講解n You should use your e-mail account with the expectation that some of your mail will be read from time to time.nE-mail provides a false sense of security, much like dri

25、ving in a car. But in reality, those are real people on that information superhighway, and they have feelings.nEDI Electronic data interchange (EDI) is the passing of orders, invoices, and other trade transactions directly between computers. EDI avoids the need to print out documents at one end, pos

26、t them, and then key the information in at the receiving company, and can thus be a faster and cheaper method of exchanging information. nAlthough EDI has taken place for some timeBACS (the Bankers Automated clearing Service) being an exampleit is only recently that large-scale paperless business co

27、mmunication between companies has become possible.nUsers of EDI include companies in the financial, health, travel, and also the government. The UK government has set up its own data networkthe Government Data Network (GDN)designed to link together the computing facilities operated by various depart

28、ments. This will enable paperless communication between government agencies, and it intended to increase the efficiency of their operations. Other areas that have set up their own EDI networks are the Lloyds insurance market in London, the EROS, set up to enable record shops to respond quickly to ch

29、anges in demand. nEFT Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) is the automatic transfer of “funds from one institutions computer to anothers. EFT is a subset of EDI, and refers to the transfer of value electronically from buyer to seller. nIn the US and Europe, EFT has been referred to as the “cash cousin”

30、of EDI. Perhaps they could be viewed more as husband and wife, as what appears to be emerging internationally is an extremely close working relationship. nEFT has been the major implementation by banks to eliminate paper processing. Some EFT solutions enlisted in the fight against paperwork volumes

31、:screen-based cash management systems, Swift, Bits, direct entry, ATM, EFTPOS, home banking, phone banking, and bill payment. n作業(yè)（英譯漢）作業(yè)（英譯漢）nCourt decisions, however, seem to support the notion that because an organization owns and operates an e-mail system, the e-mail messages are also the propert

32、y of the organization.第四講第四講 Ten Things to Improve Every New Windows PCn基本要求基本要求:n掌握Windows相關(guān)詞匯n注意科技英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用n重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：n文獻(xiàn)翻譯時(shí)詞義的選擇n一、詞匯一、詞匯n1歸類(lèi)記憶n check box 復(fù)選框n tab 工作表選項(xiàng)卡，標(biāo)簽；制表鍵n radio button 單選按鈕n option 選項(xiàng)ndialog 對(duì)話(huà)框nmenu 菜單naddress bar 地址欄nView tab 視圖/查看 選項(xiàng)卡n Display Properties control pan

33、el 顯示屬性控制面板n Appearance tab 外觀選項(xiàng)卡n Effect button 效果按鈕n Windows Explorer Windows資源管理器n Tools/Folder Options 工具/文件夾選項(xiàng)n Screen Saver 屏幕保護(hù)n Setting tab 設(shè)置選項(xiàng)卡n ClareType 清晰效果n PowerToy 軟件附加程序n Screen Refresh Rate 屏幕刷新率n2縮略語(yǔ)n DPI：Dots Per Inch 每英寸點(diǎn)數(shù)n URL: Uniform Resource Locator 統(tǒng)一資源定位器n HTML: Hypertext

34、Markup Language超文本標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言n IDE: integrated development environment集成開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境nOS: Operating System 計(jì)算機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)n二、例句講解二、例句講解n1Perhaps even more important than the resolution are the settings for DPI and the Screen Refresh Rate.n2. Although you may not notice it, the monitor screen is constantly flickering.n3Next

35、, you want to look down the list of check boxes and radio buttons to find the one that says “Show hidden files and folders”.n4. I have to install with each new PC: Office Suite, including e-mail clientn三、補(bǔ)充詞匯三、補(bǔ)充詞匯:nESC scape 退出鍵Shift 上檔鍵，用于輸入雙字符鍵上面部分的字符和在大（小）寫(xiě)字符狀態(tài)輸入?。ù螅?xiě)字符Ctrl Control 控制鍵Alt Alter轉(zhuǎn)

36、換鍵Insert 插入nDelete 刪除Home, End 回到文書(shū)開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾的鍵Page Up, Page Down 向前、后翻頁(yè)鍵 Num lock 數(shù)字鎖定鍵nScroll lock 屏幕滾動(dòng)鎖定鍵Enter 確認(rèn)鍵、也有回車(chē)換行的作用Cut 剪切，指將文本或圖形剪切到內(nèi)存Copy 復(fù)制、拷貝Paste 粘貼，將剪切、復(fù)制到內(nèi)存的內(nèi)容粘貼出來(lái)Debug 程序排錯(cuò)，bug意為小蟲(chóng)子，比喻隱藏在程序中的小錯(cuò)誤CE（Consumer Electronics，消費(fèi)電子）DCOM（Distributing Component Object Model，構(gòu)造物體模塊）DHCP（Dynamic Ho

37、st Configuration Protocol，動(dòng)態(tài)主機(jī)分配協(xié)議）nDMF（Distribution Media Format）GDI（Graphics Device Interface，圖形設(shè)備接口）GUI（Graphics User Interface，圖形用戶(hù)界面）GPF（General protect fault，一般保護(hù)性錯(cuò)誤）HTA（Hyper Text Application，超文本應(yīng)用程序）INF File（Information File，信息文件）INI File（Initialization File，初始化文件）NDIS（Network Driver Interfa

38、ce Specification，網(wǎng)絡(luò)驅(qū)動(dòng)程序接口規(guī)范）NT（New Technology，新技術(shù)）Qos（Quality of Service，服務(wù)質(zhì)量）nRRVP（Resource Reservation Protocol，資源保留協(xié)議）RTOS（Real Time Operating Systems，實(shí)時(shí)操作系統(tǒng)）SBFS（Simple Boot Flag Specification，簡(jiǎn)單引導(dǎo)標(biāo)記規(guī)范）VEFAT（Virtual File Allocation Table，虛擬文件分配表）VDD（Virtual Device Drivers，虛擬設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)程序）WDM（Windows Dr

39、iver Model，視窗驅(qū)動(dòng)程序模塊）Winsock（Windows Socket，視窗套接口）WHQL（Windows Hardware Quality Labs，Windows，硬件質(zhì)量實(shí)驗(yàn)室）WHS（Windows Scripting Host，視窗腳本程序）n作業(yè)（英譯漢）作業(yè)（英譯漢）n1The essence of a type is that it attempts to identify qualities common to a group of individuals or objects that distinguish it as an identifiable cl

40、ass or kind.n2P 29 n3P 39 第五講第五講 Operating Systemn基本要求基本要求:n掌握操作系統(tǒng)相關(guān)詞匯n注意科技英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用n重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：n被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用n一、科技英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、科技英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)n計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)在很多情況下是介紹科技技術(shù),為了表示一種公允性和客觀性,往往在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)描述,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)反映了專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)文體的客觀性。如下面幾句話(huà)就是使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表述其內(nèi)容客觀的,在翻譯時(shí),可根據(jù)具體情況譯為主動(dòng)形式。 n二、詞匯二、詞匯n1歸納記憶（categories of OS）n Single-user operat

41、ing system 單用戶(hù)操作系統(tǒng)n Multi-user operating system 多用戶(hù)操作系統(tǒng)n Single-tasking operating system 單任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)n Multitasking operating system 多任務(wù)操作系統(tǒng)n Network operating system 網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng)n Desktop operating system 桌面操作系統(tǒng)n2. 比較記憶n application 應(yīng)用程序n Utility 適用程序n Routine 例行程序n3聯(lián)想記憶nBoot 引導(dǎo)，啟動(dòng)nBootable 可啟動(dòng)（引導(dǎo)）的nBootstrap

42、 引導(dǎo)（程序）nBootload 引導(dǎo)裝入nBoot record 引導(dǎo)紀(jì)錄nBootable disk 引導(dǎo)盤(pán)nBootable disks 啟動(dòng)盤(pán)nBootstrap loader 引導(dǎo)裝入程序nBootstrap memory 引導(dǎo)存儲(chǔ)器nBootstrap routine 引導(dǎo)指令n Virtual call 虛調(diào)用n Virtual machine 虛擬計(jì)算機(jī)n Virtual circuit 虛電路n Virtual address 虛擬地址n Virtual addressing 虛編址nvirtual memory addressing 虛擬存儲(chǔ)尋址n三、例句講解三、例句講解n

43、1In addition, software has been developed that can be taught to recognize an individuals handwriting.n2Currently these types of input are imprecise because people pronounce and write words very differently, making it difficult for a computer to recognize the same input from different users.n四、穿插知識(shí)點(diǎn)四

44、、穿插知識(shí)點(diǎn)n1The operating system sets up the order in which programs are processed, and defines the sequence in which particular jobs are executed.n2As we have seen, the operational software oversees the execution of all programs. It also monitors the devices being used. To accomplish this, it establish

45、es a table in which programs are matched against the devices they are using or will use. n作業(yè)（課外閱讀）作業(yè)（課外閱讀）第六講第六講 Popular Operating Systemn基本要求：基本要求：n了解科技文翻譯過(guò)程中的語(yǔ)言表述n掌握常見(jiàn)操作系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)單詞n重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：n技文翻譯過(guò)程中的語(yǔ)言表述n一、詞匯一、詞匯n1縮略詞n FAT File Allocation Table 文件分配表n NTFS New Technology File System 新技術(shù)文件系統(tǒng)n TCO/IP

46、 Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol傳輸控制協(xié)議/網(wǎng)際協(xié)議n GPL General Public License 通用公共許可證n PC-DOS Personal Computer Disk Operating System個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)磁盤(pán)操作系統(tǒng)n MS-DOS Microsoft Disk Operating System 微軟磁盤(pán)操作系統(tǒng)n二、例句講解二、例句講解n1. Linux is rather unique because it is distributed along with its source code unde

47、r the terms of a General Public License (GPL), which allows everyone to make copies for their own use, to give to others, or to sell.n2The number and variety of programs that run on Windows are unmatched by any other operating system, a fact that contributes to its dominant position as the most wide

48、ly used desktop operating system.n3Windows Timelinen 2001 Windows XPn 2000 Windows Men 2000 Windows 2000n 1998 Windows 98n 1995 Windows 95n 1993 Windows NTn 1992 Windows for Workgroupsn 1992 Windows 3.1n 1990 Windows 3.0n 1987 Windows2.0n 1985 Windows 1.0n作業(yè)（英譯漢）：作業(yè)（英譯漢）：n1The cornerstone of Windows

49、 2000 security is Active Directory. Its support for granular access control, inheritance, and delegation of administrative task gives you the flexibility to secure resources without compromising your networks purpose.n2Depending on the machine being used, a UNIX system can support from one to over o

50、ne hundred users, each concurrently running a different set of programs. The cost of a computer that can be used by many person at the same time is less per user than that of a computer can be used by only a single person at a time.n3P 49 n4P 57 第七講第七講 Programming Languagen基本要求：基本要求：n掌握程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言相關(guān)詞匯n熟悉

51、科技英語(yǔ)中主要句型n重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：n科技英語(yǔ)中主要句型n一、詞匯一、詞匯n1歸納記憶n language typen Machine language 機(jī)器語(yǔ)言n Assembly language 匯編語(yǔ)言n High-level language 高級(jí)語(yǔ)言n Procedural language 過(guò)程語(yǔ)言n Functional language 函數(shù)式語(yǔ)言n Object-oriented language 面向?qū)ο笳Z(yǔ)言n Logic language 邏輯語(yǔ)言nRelational language 關(guān)系語(yǔ)言n statementn Assignment statement

52、 賦值語(yǔ)句n Conditional statement 條件語(yǔ)句n Function statement 函數(shù)語(yǔ)句n programmingn Object-oriented programming 面向?qū)ο蟮某绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)n Structured programming 結(jié)構(gòu)化程序設(shè)計(jì)n Event-driven programming 事件驅(qū)動(dòng)程序設(shè)計(jì)nlanguage componentsn Data declaration 數(shù)據(jù)聲明n Expression 表達(dá)式n Constant 常量n Variable 變量n Array 數(shù)組，矩陣n Pointer 指針n Parameter 參

53、量n Segment （程序）段 n2縮略詞nSQL Structured Query Language 結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢(xún)語(yǔ)言nLISP List Processing 表處理語(yǔ)言n二、例句講解二、例句講解n1A programming language provides the tools a programmer uses to create software and produce a lengthy list of instructions, called source code, which defines the software environment in every detailw

54、hat it looks like, how the user enters commands, and how it manipulates data.n2Procedure and function statements defines certain blocks of code as procedure or functions that can then be returned to later in the program.n3Macros translate segments of code that have been written in a language structu

55、re defined by programmer into statements that the programming language understands.n三、穿插知識(shí)點(diǎn)三、穿插知識(shí)點(diǎn)n1 There instructions are used to transfer program control ,and are needed in the selection and loop structures that are followed to prepare programs.n2Any task that is too complex to be described simpl

56、y would be broken down into a set of smaller component tasks ，until the tasks were sufficiently small and self-contained enough that they were easily understood.n3The way se are now using computers-with menus and buttons and windows-fosters a more interactive ,event-driven approach to computer progr

57、amming.n四、補(bǔ)充詞匯四、補(bǔ)充詞匯nAPI（Application Programming Interfaces，應(yīng)用程序接口）ASCII（American Standard Code for Information Interchange，美國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)信息交換代碼）ATL（ActiveX Template Library，ActiveX模板庫(kù)）BASIC（Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code，初學(xué)者通用指令代碼）COM（Component Object Model，組件對(duì)象模式）DNA（Distributed Internet

58、Application，分布式因特網(wǎng)應(yīng)用程序）MFC（Microsoft Foundation Classes，微軟基礎(chǔ)類(lèi)庫(kù)）SDK（Software Development Kit，軟件開(kāi)發(fā)工具包）n作業(yè)（英譯漢）：作業(yè)（英譯漢）：nBjarne Stroustrup took the most popular language for commercial software development, C, and extended it to provide the features needed to facilitate object-oriented programming.第八講第

59、八講 Characteristics of Javan基本要求基本要求:n掌握程序設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)詞匯n注意科技英語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)從句中先行詞的判斷n重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)：n定語(yǔ)從句的分析n一、定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)及先行詞的判斷一、定語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi)及先行詞的判斷n制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兩大類(lèi)。n根據(jù)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞所修飾的先行詞及其在從句中所起的作用,將定語(yǔ)從句分為六種：n間位型定語(yǔ)從句、后位型定語(yǔ)從句、分離型定語(yǔ)從句、省略型定語(yǔ)從句、總括型定語(yǔ)從句、前位型定語(yǔ)從句。n限定性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞一般為名詞或代詞，非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞，也可以是整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分。先行詞的判斷一要靠語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，

60、二要靠上下文和邏輯判斷，有時(shí)還要靠專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)。n二、詞匯二、詞匯n1歸納記憶(characteristics of Java)n object-oriented 面向?qū)ο蟮膎 distributed 分布式的n robust 健壯的n portable 可移植的n multithreaded 多線(xiàn)程的n dynamic 動(dòng)態(tài)的n inheritance 繼承性n encapsulation 封裝；壓縮n polymorphism 多態(tài)性，多形性n2比較記憶n architecture 體系結(jié)構(gòu)n infrastructure 基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)n n multithreaded adj 多線(xiàn)程的n mul