高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)寫作和閱讀練習(xí)（四）(共8頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上江西瑞昌市2017高考英語寫作和閱讀一輪練習(xí)書面表達。【高端點撥】每年高考后，我們一直在思索：英語高考中書面表達考什么、怎么考、如何寫等系列高難表述問題。但是，通過與考生交流，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的書面表達的思維能力并非不活躍，只是在他們的記憶庫中存儲的相應(yīng)表達方式不足，或記憶有誤，或根本是空白。拿到作文題目后，不愁沒內(nèi)容可寫，只愁沒詞可用，或是寫了不知是否正確，因此在表達過程中，要么被迫放棄，要么按照漢語的結(jié)構(gòu)硬譯，以致造成短文詞不達意，錯誤地傳遞信息，分數(shù)也受到影響。針對考生在書面表達方面出現(xiàn)的問題，下面將談?wù)劯呖紩姹磉_的復(fù)習(xí)建議和答題技巧。一、復(fù)習(xí)建議（一）明確寫作能

2、力的培養(yǎng)和提高是一個日積月累的過程。高考英語書面表達題是一項綜合性的測試。要寫好一篇短文，考生不僅要具備熟練的譴詞、造句和謀篇能力，而且需要熟知不同的寫作策略。如果從高三年級開始準備，則必須保證有科學(xué)、全面的訓(xùn)練計劃和足量的寫作實踐，在這方面，筆者要求學(xué)生從認識句子成分，到譴詞成句，到練習(xí)基本句式，再到語段語篇的這樣一個過程。當(dāng)然有些學(xué)生在這過程中也堅持寫日記，然后筆者給他們都進行了詳細批改。這樣學(xué)生既聽從了老師的安排和指導(dǎo)，也沒有忽視自己的獨立實踐與總結(jié)。（二）注重平時的練筆。近幾年考題的話題包括外國交換學(xué)生在華學(xué)習(xí)生活安排、少年健康問題、中學(xué)生業(yè)余生活、人們的生活變化、環(huán)境保護、中學(xué)生慶祝

3、 2008年奧運會申辦、舉辦成功等。對于這些話題，每個考生都不會感到無話可說，只要平時認真進行一些寫作實踐，就不難具備應(yīng)付這類話題所必要的寫作能力。（三）明確寫作方向。從近幾年的情況來看，試題并沒有特定的語篇或文體要求。雖然短文會用到記敘、說明或議論等表達方式，但這畢竟只是一個區(qū)區(qū)幾十字的文段，遠不足被稱為記敘文、議論文、說明文或某種特定文體的文章。例如： 書面表達材料要求根據(jù)一首詩的內(nèi)容，描述其中的一位老師，這是單純的記敘文;或者根據(jù)提示，寫畢業(yè)贈言，其中首先要求表述好友在你心中的印象，并用一兩個事例加以描述，然后表達祝愿，這其實也是記敘文;或者依據(jù)要求，讓學(xué)生描述一位偉人，并說明自己喜歡他

4、或她的原因，這還是記敘文。（四）注意平時的詞匯積累。針對考生平時練習(xí)時出現(xiàn)的沒詞可用，寫了不知是否正確等情況，建議考生們采用聽、讀、寫相結(jié)合的辦法，增加語言輸入，擴大存儲量。高三年級不可避免地要進行大量的聽和讀的練習(xí)，在做完聽力和閱讀理解后，可以停下來，用一點時間有意識地增加針對寫作的語言輸入，比如將聽過或讀過的表達方式回憶一下并記住，或者將有用的短語標出來，記在筆記本上，以備事后記憶之用。注意選取的資料應(yīng)與考生自己的寫作水平相近，還要提高記憶的準確性。二、解題技巧高考英語書面表達題解題應(yīng)遵循五步驟的原則進行。2015年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試大綱英語中對寫作這樣要求：“要求考生根據(jù)提示進

5、行書面表達，考生應(yīng)能(1)準確使用語法和詞匯。(2)使用一定的句型、詞匯，清楚、連貫地表達自己的意思。如何寫好一篇作文分5個步驟（一）仔細審題，確定要點。在開始寫作這前一定要認真閱讀題目中的所有信息(中文提示、圖示、注意事項等)把需要表達的全部信息要點列成提綱，列要點時，如果提示是圖表，要認真審圖，從圖中找出要表達的信息要點，如事件發(fā)生的背景，人物的衣著、表情、動作、位置、年齡、外貌、圖中的英漢文字等，如果有參考詞匯，一定要用上。（二）根據(jù)要點，遣詞造句。近年來高考書面表達的要求不斷提高，高分文章要有較多的詞匯，較高級的詞匯用法。比如表達豐富可以用rich,但如果你用abundant這個詞就屬

6、于較高級的詞匯。再比如“他強調(diào)小心駕駛的重要”這個句子 He emphasized the importance of careful driving.其中“強調(diào)”這個詞如果你用 attach much importance to 效果更佳。（三）確定時態(tài)及人稱，內(nèi)容連貫，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。高考書面表達評分標準明確規(guī)定，如人稱錯誤要扣分，不同的文體一般都有基本時態(tài)。日記通常記敘發(fā)生過的事情，多用一般過去時。議論文多用一般現(xiàn)在時，通知等文體通常用一般將來時。每個句子寫好之后，句與句之間要選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞。比如：(1)表示承接、遞進用語，besides(并且)、what's more(并且)，mo

7、reover(而且)，firstly, secondly, finally(最后)，from now on (從此)，afterwards I after that(后來)，to make things worse/ what's worse(使事情更為糟糕的是)，the worst thing of all(最糟糕的是)。(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系用語。But, however, otherwise, though, despite, in spite of.(盡管)on the other hand(另一方面)，as(盡管)，all the same(盡管如此)。(3)表示因果關(guān)系用語。b

8、ecause/because of.for(因為)，owing to (由于)，thanks to (由于)，due to (由于)，so that (結(jié)果)。(4)歸納總結(jié)用語。to summarize(總而言之)，in short/in a word(簡而言之)，on the whole(從總體看)，generally speaking(一般說來)，in my view(我的觀點)，in conclusion(總之)。（四）句式豐富，避免重詞。英語書面表達評分標準第五檔(21-25分)要求，“應(yīng)使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，這要求學(xué)生不僅會運用基本句型，也要有意識地使用復(fù)雜句型，這是文章的亮點。如何使用

9、復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，本人認為適當(dāng)運用非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)(分詞短語、動名詞或不定式短語)、適當(dāng)運用各種從句(定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句)，這些都是有效的途徑。比如：When he arrived in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail.(時間狀語從句。一般)On arriving in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail. Having arrived in Beijing, he gave me an e-mail.(使用了介詞+動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞短語，分別作狀語。高級) Hardly had he arrived in Beijing when he gav

10、e me an e-mail.(改變時態(tài)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)。高級)I won't believe what he says.(一般)No matter what he says, I won't believe it.(讓步狀從句，高級)。（五）認真答寫，卷面整潔。高考書面表達評分標準中對書寫有較高要求。尤其是高考英語作文網(wǎng)上進行閱卷以來，如果書寫較差，會影響到掃描質(zhì)量，因此，考生在答卷時，一定要認真、清楚規(guī)范地書寫，以保卷面整潔和美觀，為爭取高分作文做好鋪墊。三、修正小誤1、審題不夠仔細，遺漏要點2、語言基礎(chǔ)知識薄弱，語法和拼寫錯誤較多3 句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤 雙謂語現(xiàn)象句子結(jié)構(gòu)混亂 4 動

11、詞使用錯誤 時態(tài)錯誤語態(tài)錯誤濫用be動詞 5 漢語式英語 6. 不規(guī)則動詞及常用詞拼寫錯誤 7. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)錯誤 8、詞義模糊，用詞不夠準確9、行文清晰，句子與句子間缺乏銜接. 10、邏輯錯誤，如：because與so或者although與but等同時出現(xiàn)在同一個句子里?；A(chǔ)寫作（共1小題，滿分15分）假設(shè)你是某報社記者，請根據(jù)下表提供的信息寫一篇英文稿，簡要地報道中國開發(fā)中西部的有關(guān)情況。主要概括和實施要點 范圍：9個省、自治區(qū)（autonomous regions）、1個直轄市（municipality） 面積：540萬平方公里人口：2.85億交通建設(shè)：修建多條公路、鐵路環(huán)境保護：退耕還林

12、；防治污染資源利用：開發(fā)利用其豐富的天然資源人才引進：廣納各類專家、技術(shù)人員【寫作要求】1 標題：New Development for Central and Western China2 必須使用5個句子介紹所給的內(nèi)容3 將5個句子組織成連貫的短文.第二節(jié) 讀寫任務(wù) （共1小題，滿分25分）News report,Four young female college students died Friday after falling or jumping from a blazing room on the sixth floor of Shanghai Business School.

13、Witness said one woman who jumped appeared to be aiming for bushes on the ground, but missed and landed on concrete. Witnesses said the other three were desperately trying to climb to another room amid roaring flames when they fell to the concrete paving. The fire broke out in Room 602 of the seven-

14、floor dormitory at the schools downtown campus on Zhongshan Road West, just after 6 a.m. The fire was caused by an electrical device used to heat water. This had ignited flammable objects, police said late Friday afternoon. After receiving reports of the fire at 6:12 a.m, police, firefighters and am

15、bulances were quickly on the scene. The fire was extinguished by 6:30 a.m., according to the school.There is only one public toilet on each floor to get water and fire extinguishers in the dormitory were outdated, students said. (SZ-Agencies)寫作內(nèi)容1 以約30個詞概括這篇報道的主要內(nèi)容。2 針對此篇報道發(fā)表你對校園安全問題的看法, 至少包括以下內(nèi)容要點，

16、該部分詞數(shù)大約120個詞。1）作為學(xué)生，我們該如何在危急的狀況下保護好自己。2）作為校方應(yīng)該采取哪些措施避免此類悲劇的發(fā)生。寫作要求1作文中可使用實例或其它方法支持你的觀點，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容但不得直接 引用原文中的句子；2文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學(xué)校名稱。評分標準概括準確，語言規(guī)范，內(nèi)容合適，篇章連貫?！緟⒖挤段摹炕A(chǔ)寫作：New Development for Central and Western ChinaThe Chinese government has recently decided to develop central and western China which in

17、cludes 9 provinces and autonomous regions and one municipality, covering and area of 5.4 million square kilometers with a population of 285 million. The government will pay special attention to its transportation and some highways and railways will be built. To protect the environment, farmers will

18、return farmland to forest and measures will be taken to prevent pollution. Western China is rich in natural resources, which can be exploited and made full use of. To meet the need of the development, different kinds of experts and skilled workers are to be brought in.任務(wù)寫作： After the Tears, Lets Foc

19、us on Dorm SafetyIt was reported that on November 14, a tragedy occurred in a girls dormitory of the Shanghai Business School. Four girls jumped from their sixth-floor balcony in an attempt to escape a fire, and lost their lives. People expressed their sympathy after hearing the tragedy. In my opini

20、on, this incident reflects a lack of awareness of safety procedures. Both the college and the students are responsible for it. On one hand, we students should learn to deal with an emergency calmly in daily life. If there is a crisis, we are supposed to remain calm, ensure we are safe and then call

21、for help.On the other hand, it is the school authorities obligation to take safety measures for students living in a campus. Furthermore, more lectures should be held on safety to enhance students awareness of the issue. In short, to avoid similar tragedies, both sides must work together. 基礎(chǔ)寫作（共1小題，

22、滿分15分）上周四，你班在某一社區(qū)組織了主題為“大家齊動手，共建文明城”的環(huán)?；顒樱秩M,每組十五人, 開展活動,活動內(nèi)容如下：活動內(nèi)容具體做法一組回收廢舊電池挨家挨戶回收二組清除墻上的廣告紙和地面垃圾不怕臟，不怕累，認真清理三組派發(fā)環(huán)保資料,宣傳環(huán)?；顒友埦用褚黄饏⑴c環(huán)保活動居民看法支持、贊揚你班的環(huán)保行為【寫作內(nèi)容】1. 活動的時間、地點、主題、參與人員；2. 各組活動內(nèi)容、具體做法；3. 居民看法?！緟⒖荚~匯】“Joining Together to Build a Civilized City” “大家齊動手，共建文明城”【寫作要求】1. 請使用5個句子表達全部所給的內(nèi)容。2. 將

23、5個句子組織成一篇連貫的短文?！驹u分標準】句子結(jié)構(gòu)準確，信息內(nèi)容完整，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)連貫。 第二節(jié)  讀寫任務(wù)（共1小題，滿分25分）閱讀下面的短文，然后按照要求寫一篇150詞左右的英語短文。In one way of thinking, failure is a part of life. In another way, failure may be a way towards success. The “spider story often told, Robert Bruce, leader of the Scots in the 13 th century, was hiding

24、in a cave from the English. He watched a spider spinning a web. The spider tried to reach across a rough place in the rock. He tried six times without success. On the seventh time he made it and went to spin his web. Bruce is said to have taken heart and to have gone on to defeat the English. Edison

25、, the inventor of the light bulb, made hundreds of models that failed before he found the right way to make one. Abraham Lincoln, the famous American president, lost elections more times than he won them! He never gave up in the face of failure but kept trying and was eventually elected to Congress

26、and then the presidency.So what? First, always think about your failure. What caused it? Were conditions right? Were you in top from yourself? What can you change so things will go right next time? Second, is the goal youre trying to reach the right one? Try to do some thinking about what your real

27、goals may be. Think about this question. “If I do succeed this time, where will it get me? This may help you prevent failure in things you shouldnt be doing anyway. The third thing to bear in mind about failure is that its part of life. Learn to “l(fā)ive with yourself” even though you may have failed. Remember, “You cant win them all.”【寫作內(nèi)容】1、概括短文的內(nèi)容要點，該部分字數(shù)大約30詞左右；2、以“Is Failure a Bad Thing”為題寫一篇文章，包含以下內(nèi)容要點，該部分的字數(shù)大約120詞左右。失敗是生活中的常事人們對失敗所持的不同態(tài)度你對失敗的認識【寫作要求】1、可以使用實例或其他論述方法支持你的觀點，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容，但不要抄襲閱讀材料中的句子2、作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學(xué)校名稱。 【參考范文】基礎(chǔ)寫作A po