最新中考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題7頁(yè)

1、精品文檔動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的種類包括實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。(一) 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞是能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞。按其句法作用可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。1.及物動(dòng)詞：及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整,需要接賓語(yǔ)才能使其意思完整。(1) 動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) I like this book very much. 我非常喜歡這本書。(2) 動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ) 如：We call the bird Polly. 我們叫那只鳥Polly。I saw the children play in the park yesterday. 昨天我看見孩子們?cè)诠珗@玩。注意：帶省略to的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：make

2、,let,have,see,watch,notice,hear等。這一感(feel)、二聽(hear/listen to)、三讓(let/make/have)、四看(look at/see/watch/notice) 在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中接do(省略to), 但是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中必須加上to！感使動(dòng)詞真奇怪，to來(lái)to去記心懷；主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to離去，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to回來(lái)。(3) 動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語(yǔ) + 直接賓語(yǔ) 如: Please pass me the salt.請(qǐng)把鹽遞給我。常見帶雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：give，bring， buy， get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tel

3、l，write，read，return等。2.不及物動(dòng)詞: 不及物動(dòng)詞自身意思完整,無(wú)需接賓語(yǔ)。 如: Horses run fast. 馬跑得快。(1) 有些動(dòng)詞既可作及物動(dòng)詞又可作不及物動(dòng)詞。We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。（及物動(dòng)詞） We study hard.我們努力學(xué)習(xí)（不及物動(dòng)詞）(2)不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)搭配要注意積累：動(dòng)詞 + 介詞 如: Listen to the teacher carefully. 仔細(xì)聽老師講。此類動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)無(wú)論是名詞還是代詞，都只能放在介詞后面，不能放在動(dòng)詞和介詞之間。動(dòng)詞 + 副詞 如:He turned off the light

4、 when he left. 當(dāng)他離開時(shí)，他把燈關(guān)了。He picked it up and gave it to me. 他把它撿起來(lái)，并給了我。注意：代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)必須放在動(dòng)詞后，副詞前，當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，放在副詞的前后均可。 動(dòng)詞 + 副詞 + 介詞 如:Lets go on with our work. 讓我們繼續(xù)我們的工作吧！He gets along well with his classmates. 他與同學(xué)們相處得很好！注意：其后的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞的后面。動(dòng)詞 + 名詞 + 介詞Please pay attention to the phrases in the article.

5、請(qǐng)注意文章中的短語(yǔ)。We can make good use of air. 我們可以充分利用空氣。pay attention to doing sth.be + 形容詞 + 介詞 如:We are good at swimming. 我們擅長(zhǎng)游泳。She is satisfied with what I did. 她對(duì)我所做的感到滿意。3. 延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(1) 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作是可以持續(xù)的,可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：live, study, work, keep, teach 等。 如:We have lived in Suzhou since 2001. 自2001年以來(lái)

6、，我們一直住在蘇州。 You can keep this book for two weeks. 這本書你可以借兩周。 I lived in London for many years.But I have never regretted my final decision to move back toChina.(2) 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示瞬間動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作一經(jīng)發(fā)生立即結(jié)束，如：buy, borrow, die, begin, end, finish, arrive,join, go, come等，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如果和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，就要用其他的詞代替。buyh

7、ave had borrowhave kept diehave been dead come/arrivehave been in put onhave worn go/leavehave been awayfall illhave been ill finish/endhave been over start/beginhave been ojoinhave been in(呆在某個(gè)組織) / have been a memember ofThe old man has been dead for two years. 那個(gè)老人去世已經(jīng)兩年了。（這里不能用has died）The film

8、has been on for ten minutes. 電影已經(jīng)開始十分鐘了。（這里不能用has begun）根據(jù)句意完成句子:1.Would you please ?請(qǐng)把門打開好嗎？2.Jack always . Jack總是把房間保持地干凈、整潔。(二)系動(dòng)詞:系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份.常見的系動(dòng)詞有：go, be, become(變得), get（變得）, look（看上去）, seem（似乎，好像）, turn（變得）, sound（聽起來(lái)）, smell（聞起來(lái)）, taste（嘗起來(lái)）, feel（摸起來(lái)）, k

9、eep（保持）等。這些詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式，也不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。如：He is strong. / He is a strong man.根據(jù)中文意思，完成句子:1.Mr Wang very angry（似乎） 2.This kind of cloth very soft. （摸起來(lái)）3. Her face red. (變得） 4.Now my dream becomes true. （實(shí)現(xiàn)了） (三)助動(dòng)詞：助動(dòng)詞本身無(wú)詞匯意義或意義不完全,不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ)。它必須和別的動(dòng)詞連用,幫助構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)否定和疑問(wèn)等結(jié)構(gòu).常用的助動(dòng)詞有be, have, has, do, does, did, wil

10、l 和shall等。1.助動(dòng)詞be(am, is, are, was, were)(1) 助動(dòng)詞be + 現(xiàn)在分詞,構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 如:They asked me what I was doing all afternoon. (2) 助動(dòng)詞be + 過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Many trees was planted in the park last Sunday. 上星期天在公園種了很多樹。2.助動(dòng)詞have (has, had) (1)助動(dòng)詞have(has, had)+動(dòng)詞-ed形式，構(gòu)成完成時(shí)。 (2) 助動(dòng)詞have(has, had) + been + 動(dòng)詞ing形式，構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行

11、時(shí)。3. 助動(dòng)詞do用于構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句和否定式，用于倒裝句，加強(qiáng)說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣及代替前面剛出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞等。 Do you live in China? 你住在中國(guó)嗎？ Yes, I do. 是的，我住在中國(guó)。Only then did realize I was wrong.到那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到我錯(cuò)了。4. 助動(dòng)詞will和shall用于構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)。(shall僅用于第一人稱，will可用于各種人稱)I shall be sixteen years old next birthday. 到下個(gè)生日，我將16歲了。(四)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:有一定的詞義，本身并不表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而僅僅表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的態(tài)度。它在句中需和主要?jiǎng)?/p>

12、詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。（五）易混動(dòng)詞1. used to do sth和be used to doing sthbe used to doing sth表示習(xí)慣做某事 be used to do/for doing sth used to do sth表示過(guò)去常常做某事(否定：didnt use to do)Im used to getting up early.(習(xí)慣)/I used to get up at five in the morning. 過(guò)去經(jīng)常2. arrive, get和reach表示“到達(dá)”時(shí)的區(qū)別arrive in + 大地方，arrive at + 小地方，get to +

13、地點(diǎn)名詞，reach+地點(diǎn)名詞3. borrow, lend和keepborrow“借”為短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示主語(yǔ)“借入”，常用短語(yǔ)borrow sth from sb.;lend“借”為短暫性動(dòng)詞，表示主語(yǔ)“借出”，常用短語(yǔ)lend sth to sb.;keep“保存；借”，為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表“長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地借”How long can I keep this book? 這本書我能借多久？4. dress, put on和wear: dress sb. 給某人穿衣服 dress sb. up喬裝打扮；put on 穿上，戴上（表示動(dòng)作） wear穿著，戴著，表示狀態(tài)。Mother dresses h

14、er baby every day. 母親每天給她的孩子穿衣服。The lady dressed herself up and went to a party.（穿上盛裝）Lily is wearing a red skirt today. 莉莉今天穿著一條紅裙子。5. bring, take, carry 和fetchbring“帶來(lái)，拿來(lái)”，表示“拿到靠近說(shuō)話人的地方”；take“拿去，帶走”表示“拿到遠(yuǎn)離說(shuō)話人的地方”；carry “扛，搬”用力移動(dòng)，沒(méi)有方向；fetch“去取，去拿”，表示“往返拿物”。6. die, dead, death, dyingdie死，是不及物動(dòng)詞，終止性動(dòng)

15、詞 dying意為“垂死的，要死的”，形容詞dead意為“死的”，形容詞，表示狀態(tài) death意為“死”His grandfather has been dead for ten years. 他的祖父已經(jīng)死了十年了。His death made us feel very sad. / The poor old man was dying.那個(gè)可憐的老人快死了。7. spend, cost ，take 和pay: sb. spend 錢/時(shí)間on sth. sb. spend 錢/時(shí)間(in) doing;cost 物作主語(yǔ)，意義為“值多少錢，花費(fèi)”take 花時(shí)間： It + takes +

16、時(shí)間+ to do sth;sb. pay some money for sth.8. look for 和find: look for強(qiáng)調(diào)尋找的過(guò)程 find強(qiáng)調(diào)找的結(jié)果,還可表“發(fā)現(xiàn)”9. hung和hanged: hung意為“懸掛” hanged意為“吊死、絞死”10. listen to和hear: listen to和hear都有“聽”的意思。listen 為不及物動(dòng)詞，與to組成固定搭配，強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的動(dòng)作；hear強(qiáng)調(diào)聽的結(jié)果。13. lose, forget和leave: lose意為“丟失”，“失去”；forget意為“忘記”，忘記去做某事為 leave sth. + 地點(diǎn)，意為

17、“把某事落在某處”。14.join, take part in 和attend: 三個(gè)詞都有“參加”的意思。join一般指加入“黨派”或“組織”，如參軍、入黨等，join in 加入某項(xiàng)活動(dòng), join sb加入某人；take part in 指參加聚會(huì)或活動(dòng)；attend一般指出席會(huì)議16. think of, think about, think overthink of意為“想到”；think about意為“考慮”， 賓語(yǔ)it或 them置后；think over 意為“仔細(xì)考慮”，賓語(yǔ)it或them放在中間，一般指考慮問(wèn)題；17. lose, fail, beat和winlose意為

18、“輸給某人”，固定搭配為lose to sb.;fail是“失敗”或“未做成某事”；beat意為“打敗”，后接sb.或某支隊(duì)伍；win意為“贏得”，如，贏得榮譽(yù)、地位、比賽等。18. It is believed that 大家相信It is known that 眾所周知It is supposed that 大家認(rèn)為It is suggested that 據(jù)建議It must be remembered that 務(wù)必記住 It is taken for granted that 被認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然19.記住下列動(dòng)詞，它們只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)而不能接不定式。admit 承認(rèn) appreciat

19、e感激 avoid 避兔 can't help 禁不住consider 思考，考慮 deny 否認(rèn) delay 推退 detest 厭惡enjoy 喜歡 excuse 道歉 escape 逃過(guò) finish元長(zhǎng)forgive 原諒 fancy 想象 imagine想象 involve包括keep堅(jiān)持 pardon原諒 practise練習(xí) resist阻止，抵抗 suggest建議 understand理解喜歡(enjoy)不斷(keep)提建議(suggest)，盼望(look forward to)習(xí)慣(be used to)卻完畢(finish)；想要(feel like)花費(fèi)(

20、spend)去練習(xí)(practice)，忍俊不禁(cant help)還介意(mind),后接動(dòng)詞ing.it is a waste of time sbs doing sth. waste time doing sth.把時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在做某事上接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ)：be surprised at 對(duì) be interested in 對(duì).興趣 be responsible for 對(duì).負(fù)責(zé)任be fond of 喜歡 be tired (sick) of 厭倦 be proud of 以.而驕傲be afraid of 害怕 be capable of .能力 be usedto 習(xí)慣于be o

21、pposed to反對(duì) belong to屬于 depend on 依靠give up 放棄 put off 推遲 keep on繼續(xù) succeed in成功 dream of 夢(mèng)想 refer to指的是object to反對(duì) feel like 想要 look forward to期待preventfrom/stopfrom阻止 devote ones life (time) to 獻(xiàn)身于be good at擅長(zhǎng) be engaged in從事于 be satisfied with對(duì)滿意forgive/thank sb. for doing its no use/good doing做沒(méi)

22、用20. 巧學(xué)妙記:只能跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 :決心學(xué)會(huì)有希望(decide,determine,learn,wish,hope) 同意計(jì)劃莫假裝(agree,plan,pretend),膽敢拒絕會(huì)失敗(dare,refuse,fail ) 準(zhǔn)備設(shè)法來(lái)幫忙(prepare,try,manage,help),提供請(qǐng)求負(fù)擔(dān)起(offer,beg,demand,afford), 答應(yīng)安排理應(yīng)當(dāng)(promise,arrange,be supposed )，以上后跟不定式，勸君牢記莫忘記。21.分詞的句法功能：(1)定語(yǔ)：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是所修飾的詞；過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，其邏輯賓語(yǔ)是它所修飾的詞

23、Do you know the boy playing football ?你認(rèn)識(shí)踢足球的那個(gè)男孩嗎？Please hand in your written exercise.請(qǐng)上交你的筆試練習(xí)。(2)狀語(yǔ)：分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.學(xué)生們談笑著走出了教師。Seen from the hill,our school looks more beautiful.從小山上看，我們的學(xué)校顯得更美麗了。22.作直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞和不定式在含義上有區(qū)別的：(1)forget d

24、oing sh和 forget to do sthforget doing sth.忘記做過(guò)某事 forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事remember doing sth.記得做過(guò)某事 remember to do sth.記得要去做某事regret doing sth 后悔做過(guò)某事 reget to do sth.遺憾要做某事（1） 政策優(yōu)勢(shì)stop doing sth 停下正在做的是  stop to do s

25、th停下去做另外一件事try doing sth嘗試做某事 try to do 盡力做某事mean doing意味著做某事 mean to do 打算做某事五、創(chuàng)業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和對(duì)策分析allow doing允許做某事 allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事want/need/ require 表小“需要”時(shí)，后面常用動(dòng)名詞或不定式表示被動(dòng)：want/need/ require doing = want/need/ require to be doneThis car needs repairin

26、g. = This car needs to be repaired.The road wants rebuilding. = The road wants to be rebuilt.4、宏觀營(yíng)銷環(huán)境分析實(shí)際操練場(chǎng)翻譯下列句子：1.那個(gè)老太太總是忘記已經(jīng)吃過(guò)藥。 （5) 資金問(wèn)題2.那個(gè)老太太總是忘記要吃藥。 3.我記得以前吃過(guò)這道菜。我記著在這家餐館要吃這道菜 4.Let's stop working and have a rest. 5.Lets stop to 

27、;buy something to eat here. 6.She regretted telling her mother the truth 7.I regret to borrow money from him. 練習(xí)：1. When I handed the report to Peter, he said that David was the right person _. A. to send it to 

28、60;B. to send   C. to be sent   D. for sending 2. Why are you late?        My bike broke down.   I had it_.A. repaired     B. repairs     C. repair   D. repairing3. Our teacher alw

29、ays tell us _ more English in and out of class.          A. speak       B. spoken          C. to speak       D. speaking     

30、   成功秘訣：好市口個(gè)性經(jīng)營(yíng)4.The teacher said to his students, “Don't forget _ your dictionary to school tomorrow.”  十幾年的學(xué)校教育讓我們大學(xué)生掌握了足夠的科學(xué)文化知識(shí)，深韻的文化底子為我們創(chuàng)業(yè)奠定了一定的基礎(chǔ)。特別是在大學(xué)期間，我們學(xué)到的不單單是書本知識(shí)，假期的打工經(jīng)驗(yàn)也幫了大忙。A. brought      B. bring  C. bringing  

31、60;     D. to bring             （三）大學(xué)生購(gòu)買消費(fèi)DIY手工藝品的特點(diǎn)分析5. When you are sleeping, you had better _ all your windows closed.        A. don't keep  B. not keep  C. not to

32、 keep  D. not keeping成功秘訣：好市口個(gè)性經(jīng)營(yíng)6. How do you know that she likes singing?            I often hear her _ after class.A. to sing  B. sang  C. sing  D. sings附件（二）：調(diào)查問(wèn)卷設(shè)計(jì)7. You are so busy. What do you want me _ for you?                A. do