英國文學(xué)簡史劉炳善著河南人民出版社筆記part4

1、Part three the period of the English bourgeois revolutionChaper 1 the English revolution and the Reatoration1 the weakening of the tie between monarchy and bourgeoise2 the clashes between the king and parliament3 the outburst of the English revolution:4 the split with the revolution camp5 the bourge

2、ois dictatorship and the restoration6 the religious cloak of the English revolution:Also called the puritan revolution.Puritanism is the religious doctrine7 literature of the revolution periodChapter 2John Milton 約翰咨爾爾頓 16081674（詩人、政論家；失明后寫失樂園、復(fù)樂園、力士參孫。）CCEpics:Paradise Lost失樂園：written in blank vers

3、eIn the poem god is no better than a despot. God is cruel and unjust. Adam and Eve embody Milton's belife in the powers of man.The desription of hell, Satan is the real hero of the poem. Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God.Paradise Regained復(fù)樂園 Dramatic poem: Samson 入9。川$七£力

4、力士參孫：A poetical drama. Areopagitica 論出版自 由 ：as a declaration of people's freedom of the press, has been a weapon in the later democratic revulotion struggles.The Defence of the English People為英國人民聲辯 ：as the spokesman of the revolution. On His Blindness 我的失明This sonnet is written in iambic pentam

5、eter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet. Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.Milton:1 he was a political in both his life and his art. He was a militant pamphleteer of the English Revolution, and the greates

6、t English revolutionary poet in 17 th century2 wrote the greatest epic in English literature. He and Shakespeare have always been regarded as two patterns of English verse3 he first used blank verse in non-dramatic works. In paradise lost, he acquires an absolute mastery of the blank verse.4 he is a

7、 great stylist, grand style.5 his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.Chapter 3John Bunyan 約 H 礎(chǔ)揚 16281688（代表作大路歷程，宗教寓言，被譽為具有永恒意義的百科全書 ”，是英國文學(xué)史上里程碑式著作。與但丁的神曲、奧古斯丁的懺悔錄并列為世界三大宗教題材文學(xué)杰作。）Puritan poet（清教徒派詩人） Religionary Allegory: <The Pilgrim ' s Progress路歷程Chapter 4metaphysical poets

8、and Cavalier poetsBesides Milton and Bunyan, other poets and writers whose works express quite different ideas and sentiments. They are called metapysicals by Samuel Johnson1 John Donnethe Metaphysical poet（玄學(xué)派詩人）.Metaphysical Poetry（玄學(xué)詩）：（用語）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual,（ 形

9、式）the form is frequently an argument with the poet' s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主題：love, religious, thought）Artistic features:1. conceits or imagery 奇思妙喻2. syllogism 三段論 Meditations 沉思錄The Flea 虱子 Songs And SonnetsHoly Sonnets Valediction:<Forbidding Mourning>2 George HerbertThe

10、saint of the metaphysical schoolSing the glory of GodAltar3 Andrew MarvellA puritanTo his coy mistress4 Henry Vaughan and Richard Crashaw:Two religios poetsCapter 5 some prose-writersRobert Burton:Masterpiece: the Anatomy of MelancholyThomas Browme:Religio MediciJeremy Taylor:Holy LivingHoly DyingIz

11、aak Walton:The Compleat AngkerChapter 6 Restoration literature1 restoration comedy:The restoration comedy is notorious for its licentiousness, being full of love intrigue, and seduction and promiscurity Jhon DrydenAll For LoveAbsalom and AchitophelEnglish literature of the Restoration period was mod

12、elled on the literature of France where classicism was then prevailing. According to classicism, drama and prose should all be controlled by some fixed rules.Part 4 the 18th centuryA revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion(抑制情感)andaccuracyThe Age of Enlighten

13、ment/Reason: the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason(rationality), equality&science(the 18 th century)小說崛起:In the mid-century, the newly literary form, modern English novel rised(realistic novel 現(xiàn)實主義小說)Gothic no

14、vel (哥特式小說):mystery, horror, castles(from middle part to the end of century)Chapter 1 the enlightenment and classicism in English literature1 the enlightenment and 18th century England "Glorious Revolution"Industrial Revolution©the enlightenment in Europe: an expression of struggle of

15、 the bourgeoisie against feudalism血he English Enlighteners2 classicism:The classicists modelled themselves on Greek and Latin authors, and try to control literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works. The English classicists followed these standards in their writing

16、s.But the basic difference between Dryden and the 18 th century enlighteners lies in the fact that the former wrote to please the declining aristocracy during the Restoration period while latter wrote for the rising bourgeoisie to tidy up the capitalist social order.Chapter 2 Addison and Steele1 Ste

17、ele and The TatlerRichard Steele:The Christian Hero (a pamphlet)The Tatler (a paper)The pectator(in conjunction with Addison)Theatre2 Joseph AddisonThe Campaign (a poem)Cato (tragedy)Sum up Addison's and Steele's contribution to the English literature:CCtheir writings afford a new code of so

18、cial morality for the rising bourgeosie hey give a true picture of the social life of Engish in 18 th centuryn the hands of them, the English essay had completely established itself as a literary genre. Using it as a form of character sketching and story-telling, they ushered in the dawn of modern E

19、nglish novel.Chapter 2 Alexander Pope業(yè)歷山大對柏 16881744（18世紀(jì)英國最偉大的詩人，其詩多用英雄雙韻體"/ 'heroic couplets ”。詞句工整、精練、富有哲理性。）One of the first to introduce rationalism to England. <An Essay on Criticism批評論 a diactic poemArtistic features:I.Using heroic couplets” <The Rape of the Lock卷發(fā)遇劫記 <Moral

20、 Essays道德論<Essay on Man> 人論<The Dunciad愚人記 poemPope was an outstanding enlightener and the greatest English poet of the classical school in the first half of the 18th century. Frequently writing in the form of heroic coupletsChapter 4 Jonathan Swift 喬納森斯威夫特 16671745（十八世紀(jì)杰出的政論家和諷刺小說家a master

21、 satirist。） <Gulliver ' s Trav>格歹U佛游記（fictional work）Four parts:Lilliput 小人國Brobdingnag 大人國Flying Island 飛島Houyhnhnm 馬島<A Modest Proposal一個小小的建議 <The Battle of Books書戰(zhàn) <A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事 < The Drapper' s Letter個麻布商的書信His language is simple and clear and vigorous. He is a

22、 master satirist, and his irony id deadly.Chapter 5Daniel Defoe丹尼爾抓福 16601731（小說家，新聞記者，小冊子作者；十八世紀(jì)英國現(xiàn)實主義小說的奠基人。）He is the first writer study of the lower-class people,hislanguage is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel. <Robinson Crusoe魯賓遜漂流記It p

23、raise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, strug

24、gles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England.Robinson Crusoe is representative of the English bourgeoisie. <Moll Flanders <Colonel Jacque < Captain singletonHe was the real founder of the realistic novel in England.Chapter 6Samuel RichrardsonPamelaClariss

25、aChapter 7Henry Fielding 亨利 件爾丁 17071754（英國小說家，戲劇家，被譽為英國小說之父”。）He is called "Father of English novel ” . He was the first to write a "Comic epic in prose ”（散文體 史詩），and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. novels:<The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling棄嬰湯姆？瓊斯<The

26、 History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews約瑟夫 汝德魯<The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great大詩人江奈生 減爾德<Amelia>愛米利亞 plays:<The Historical Register for 1736一七三六年歷史記事<Don Quixote in England堂吉柯德在英國He was a novelist, dramatist, essayist, political pamphleteer.He develope his narrative in th

27、e fullest,freest, clearest and most straightforard manner, and also affords him opportunities of giving, at suitable places, personal explanations.Satire abounds eberywhere in his works. Humorous satire and a kind of grim satireHe believed in the educational function of the novel.He is a master of s

28、tyle. His style id easy, unlaboured and familiar,but extremely vivid and vigorous.Sympathy for the working people, contempt for the parasites, the exploiters and the oppressorsChapter 8Smollett and SterneTobias Smollett:Roderick Random（a picaresque novel）Pererine PickleHunphry ClinkerLaurence Sterne

29、Tristram ShandyA Sentimental JourneyChapter 918th century drama and SheridanThe english drama of the 18 th doesn't reach the same high level as its novel. One reason: the LicensingAct of 1737Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德？W林斯利 祕萊登 17511816 <The Rivals情敵 <The School for Scandal造謠學(xué)校Chapter 9 S

30、amuel Johnson塞繆爾？勺翩遜 17091784Lexicographer, critic and poetDictionary =<A Dictionary of English Language 英語大詞典James Boswell:Life of london(a classic of English biography)Chapter 11Oliver Goldsmith 奧利弗？格爾德斯密斯 17301774 poems:<The Traveller> 旅游人<The Deserted Village> 荒村Both written in he

31、roic couplet,consisting of two iambic pentameter lines linked by rhyme. novel:<The Vicar of Wakefield>威克菲爾德牧師傳 comdies:The Good Natured ManShe stoops to Conqueressay:The Citizen of the WorldChapter 12Edward GibbonEssay on the Study of literatureThe Decline and Fall of the Roman EmpireChapter 1

32、3sentimentalism and pre-romanticism in poetry1 sentimentalism in English poetryThe representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism, but they sensed at the same time the contradictions in the process of capitalist development.The appearance and development of sentimentalism poetry marks the midway in the transition from classicism to its opposite romantic