英語高中學(xué)業(yè)水平測(cè)試課件：第二部分專題七情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣

1、第二部分基礎(chǔ)語法突破專題七情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣KAODIAN QINGDAN考點(diǎn)清單丿情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、can/could1. 表示能力：can表示現(xiàn)在的能力，could表示過去 的能力；2. 表可能性：一般用于否定句及疑問句中，could 也可用于肯定句，can用于肯定句中時(shí)表示理論上的可能 性或一時(shí)的可能性，常譯為“有時(shí)候會(huì)”；3.表示許可：could表示委婉、客氣的語氣，但回 答時(shí)必須用can。Although he is only four, he can play the piano.That can，t be Mary, for she is in hospitalCan I use you

2、r computer for a while?Could I borrow your bicycle?Yes，you can./No, you can" t.二、may/might1表示請(qǐng)求、允許時(shí)，might比may更委婉、客氣;2. 表推測(cè)：表示把握性不大的推測(cè)，mightt示的可能性比may更?。籱ay/might as well do sth意為"不妨做某事；還是做某事為好” 0Might I use your computer?This pen may be Tom, s.You may as well start at once.二、shall/should1.

3、 shall用于第一、三人稱作主語的疑問句中，表示征求對(duì)方意見;2shall用于第二、三人稱作主語的陳述句中，表示命令、警告、許諾等;3. should表示"應(yīng)該”,表主觀，而ought to（應(yīng)該 表示客觀；4. should可表示推測(cè)，意為"應(yīng)該會(huì)；想必會(huì)”；5. should還可表示驚訝、意外等，意為“竟然” oShall he come in or wait outside?You shall hand in the report tomorrow.You should be careful when crossing the street.I dof t know

4、 why you should think that I did it1. must表示非常有把握的推測(cè)，僅用于肯定句中；2.表示"必須；不得不”，must側(cè)重主觀，haveto側(cè)重客觀；3. must還可表示“偏要，非要”，表示說話者不 耐煩或與自己愿望相反；4.在回答mus啲問句時(shí)，否定回答通常用needn't或don't have to （mustn" t表禁止，不表義務(wù)）。You must be tired now.If you must know the secret, I can tell you.Must I clean the room at

5、 once?Yes, you must.No, you needf t/don，t have to.五、will/would1.表示意愿、決心等;2. 用于第二人稱作主語的疑問句中表示請(qǐng)求;3. 表示習(xí)慣或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，will表示現(xiàn)在, would表示過去；4. 表示按規(guī)律“注定會(huì)”。I won' t argue with you.Would you mind closing the door?John will fall asleep in church.Oil will float on water.六、need/dareneed意為“需要”，dare意為“敢”，二者都既可作情

6、態(tài)動(dòng)詞也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。You needn, t come so early.She dare not go out alone at night.七、"情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”結(jié)構(gòu)must have done “過去肯定/準(zhǔn)是/一定發(fā)生了”（表肯定推測(cè)），否定式為：canJ t/couldn" t have doneshould/ought to have done "本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際未做” shouldn, t/oughtn" t to have done "本不該做而實(shí)際做 了”needn, t have done “本不必做而實(shí)際做了

7、” can/may/might have done “ 可能做 了"could have done “ 本來能夠 ”You must have been mad to speak to him.Mr.Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now.You should have finished the work yesterday.I needn't have bought so much wineonly five people came.He could have p

8、assed the exam，but he was too careless.虛擬語氣一、虛擬語氣在非真實(shí)條件句中的用法1.基本用法。說明'if條件句 謂語主句謂 語例如與現(xiàn)在實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的 過去式 （be的過 去式用 were）would/s hould/co uld/mig ht+動(dòng) 詞原形If I were you, I would go with him.如果我是你 ,我就和他 一起去。與過去事實(shí)相反had+過去分 詞would/shou ld/could/mi ght+have +過去分詞If you had studied harder last term, you coul

9、d have passed the exam 如果上學(xué)期你學(xué)習(xí) 更努力的話，你考試就會(huì)及格了。與將來事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過去式 、should+動(dòng) 詞原形、were to+動(dòng)詞原形would/shou ld/could/mi ght+動(dòng)詞 原形If it snowed tomorrow, we would take photos.如果明天下雪，我 們就照相。2混合虛擬語氣（錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句）。有時(shí)非真實(shí)條件從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作不同時(shí)發(fā) 生，或主從句的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)是事實(shí)，這種情況下謂語動(dòng) 詞要根據(jù)各自的具體情況來確定。If it had rained last night, it would be we

10、t now.3.含蓄虛擬語氣。有時(shí)非真實(shí)條件不是通過if引導(dǎo)的條件句來表現(xiàn) 的，而是通過一些詞或短語來表示，如：without, but for, otherwise, but 等。I couldn, t have finished the work on time without your help.But for your timely warning, we would have got into great trouble.4. 非真實(shí)條件句中省略if的用法。如果非真實(shí)條件句中有had，were, should,可省略if,而將had，were，should提前形成部分倒裝。Had h

11、e taken my advice，he would not have made such a mistake.Should it be sunny tomorrow, we would go hiking.Were there no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth.二、虛擬語氣用于其他從句中1用于表示要求、命令、建議、推薦等意義的動(dòng)詞，女口： order, require, demand, suggest, advise, propose, command, request, insist, recommen

12、d等后接賓 語從句時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞為(should+)動(dòng)詞原形。由上述 動(dòng)詞派生或轉(zhuǎn)化的名詞的同位語從句或表語從句中也要 用虛擬語氣。The teacher ordered that all of the students (should) be here on time.He advised that we (should) give up the plan.His suggestion is that we (should) accept these gifts.2. 在as if, as though, if only引導(dǎo)的從句及wish引導(dǎo)的 賓語從句中，與現(xiàn)在情況相反，從句謂語用過去

13、式；與過 去情況相反，從句謂語用“had+過去分詞”；與將來情 況相反，從句謂語用“would/could+動(dòng)詞原形” oHe works with such enthusiasm as if he were never tired.He speaks English as though he were an American.3 在 “ It is desired/ suggested /requested/ recommended /ordered/ strange/surprising/astonishing + that從句”中，謂語動(dòng)詞用(should+)動(dòng)詞原形。；It is st

14、range that the girl (should) be so mean.4.在“It is (about/high) timed-that 從句"中,謂語 動(dòng)詞常用過去式或should+動(dòng)詞原形，should不可以省 略”。；It is high time that people learnt/should learn English.5. would rather后接賓語從句時(shí)，從句中要用虛擬 語氣。表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)相反時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用 一般過去時(shí)；表示與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用 過去完成時(shí)。I would rather you came next Saturd

15、ay.I would rather that I had not seen the film last night.專題訓(xùn)練ZHUANTIXUNLIANI 在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞 的正確形式。1. Must we be there one hour early before the meeting starts?Yes，you解析：句意:我們必須在會(huì)議開始前一小時(shí)趕到那兒?jiǎn)?？是的，必須。在回答must引出的問句時(shí)，肯 定回答用must,否定回答用needn' t/don" t have to。答案：must2 Most green tea drinke

16、rs do not add milk or sugar; butyouif you like.解析：句意：大部分喝綠茶的人不(往茶里)加牛奶或糖,但是如果你喜歡，你可以加。can表示許可，符合句意。答案：can3. The head teacher demanded that the paper (finish) after class.解析：demand后的賓語從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，即 "(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”，由于finish與the paper之間存 在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。答案：(should) be finished4. How I wish I(have) the

17、 chance towatch the football games with my father，who was a reporter there.解析：wish從句用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)逗號(hào)后面的非限 制性定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞was可知，這里表示的是與 過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，因此應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)。答案：had had5. There was a lot of fun at yesterday" s party.You (come)，but why didn" t you?解析：句意：昨天的聚會(huì)很有趣。你本應(yīng)該來，為 什么沒來呀？ should have done表示本應(yīng)該做某

18、事而實(shí)際 上沒做。答案：should have come6 One of our rules is that every studentwear school uniform while at school.解析：在正式條文中規(guī)定的內(nèi)容用shallo答案：shall7 We were stuck at the airport because of the heavyfog, otherwise we(arrive) here in time for theconference.解析：句意：我們因?yàn)榇箪F被困在機(jī)場(chǎng)，否則就能及時(shí)趕上這兒的會(huì)議了。otherwise “否則”,本句中其前面 是一般過

19、去時(shí)，故后半句是與過去事實(shí)相反的含蓄虛擬語 氣。故用 would/could/should/might have arrived。答案:would/could/should/might have arrived8. If s no easy task to catch a ticket on a website that receives 1 billion clicks daily.I can，t agree with you more.Therebeerrors for every single step.解析：句意:在每天十億次點(diǎn)擊量的網(wǎng)站上訂到一張票是一項(xiàng)艱難的任務(wù)。我完全同意你。而且

20、每一個(gè)步驟都有可能會(huì)出錯(cuò)。根據(jù)語境可知，答話人表達(dá)的是對(duì)困難情況的一種推測(cè)。can “有可能，會(huì)”，表 示可能性，符合語境。也可以用may “也許，可能”。答案：can/maytake9 Don, t worry about me，because I care of myself.解析：can “能，會(huì)”，表示有能力。答案：can10. I lost her phone number, otherwise I(ring) her up.解析：句意：我丟了她的電話號(hào)碼，否則的話，我就會(huì)給她打電話了。由句意及otherwise可知，后半句話 是與過去事實(shí)相反的含蓄虛擬語氣，故填would/coul

21、d /should/might have rungo答案：would/could/should/might have rung11 Antarctica is so mystically described by some people.ff only I(be) there!解析：句意：南極洲被一些人描述得很神奇。如果我去過那里就好了 ！ ifonly后面的句子應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣，表示與過去情況相反的假設(shè)，應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)， 故答案為had been0答案：had been12. Im really very busy，otherwise I(go)shopping with you.解析：句意

22、：我真的很忙，否則我就和你一起去購物了。由“I'm really very busy”可知，此處表示與現(xiàn)在 情況相反的假設(shè)，應(yīng)用ashould/would/could/might+動(dòng) 詞原形”。答案:would/should/could/might go13. It(be) Mr.Black because he is awayon a trip to China.解析：句意：那人不可能是布萊克先生，因?yàn)樗ブ袊糜瘟?。根?jù)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句的內(nèi)容可知，說話者的推測(cè)很有把握。表示非常有把握的否定推 測(cè)應(yīng)該用can't。答案：can't be14. Youa

23、s well tell us now; we' 11 find outsooner or later.解析：句意：你最好現(xiàn)在告訴我們，我們遲早會(huì)查明的。may/mi莒ht aswell是固定搭配，意為“最好，倒不如” 0答案：may/might15. Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He(drink)too much at the party last night解析：句意：哈里現(xiàn)在感覺不舒服，他昨晚在聚會(huì)上一定飲酒過度了。根據(jù)句意及l(fā)ast night可知，此處是對(duì)過去事情的比較肯定的推測(cè)，故用must have done0答案：must have dr

24、unk16> Ilike you to fetch that document forme now.解析：句意：我想要你現(xiàn)在就幫我把那份文件取來。would like sb.to do sth. a想要某人做某事”。答案：would17. The dooropen, no matter how hard shepushed 解析：句意：無論她怎么用力推，門總是打不開。主 語The door為物，且pushed表示過去，故填wouldn't。答案:wouldn, t18.it rain tomorrow, we would have tocancel the football ma

25、tch.解析：本句中條件句是對(duì)將來狀況的虛擬，所以要用should do或were to do結(jié)構(gòu)。同時(shí)，當(dāng)條件句中有助動(dòng)詞had, were, should時(shí)，可以將if省略，把這些助動(dòng)詞放在句首，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。答案:Should19 The well-dressed lady was caught stealing in the fashion shop.Strangely enough, shehave donesuch a thing.解析：句意：那位衣著講究的女士正在時(shí)裝店偷東西時(shí)被抓了。真讓人感到奇怪，她竟然會(huì)做出這種事。 should “竟然”，表示驚訝的語氣。答案：should

26、20 you interrupt now? Can" t you seer m on the phone?Sorry，Sir, but it, s urgent.解析：根據(jù)第二個(gè)問句可知，此處應(yīng)用must,意為 “非要，偏要”，用來告訴某人他的舉止使你 很生氣或困擾。答案：Must21 r ve ordered some pizza, so weworryabout cooking when we get home tired.解析：句意：我己經(jīng)預(yù)訂了一些比薩餅，所以當(dāng)我們到家感到累的時(shí)候就不必?fù)?dān)心做飯的事了。根據(jù)句意可知,答案為needn't。答案：needn't2

27、2. If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he(be) able to speak it muchbetter now.解析：根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)及時(shí)間狀語now可知，此題為 混合式虛擬語氣，主句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故 用 would/might/could/should be。答案：would/might/could/should be23. If you(follow) the doctor's advice，you would be all right now.解析：句意：如果你當(dāng)初聽了醫(yī)生的建

28、議，你現(xiàn)在就好了。根據(jù)句意可知，從句表示的動(dòng)作與過去事實(shí)相 反，主句表示的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。由此可知，答案為had followed。答案：had followed24. We often hear that children wish they(be) grown-ups and that old people wish to be young.解析：句意：我們經(jīng)常聽到孩子們希望長大，而老人希望年輕。Wish后的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣。根據(jù) wish可知，空格處是對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)，故用were。答案：were25. I am sure I saw Brian in the park thi

29、s morning.Yoube imagining things.He left forAmerica last night.解析：句意:我確信今天上午我在公園里見到了布萊恩。你一定是在胡思亂想。他昨天夜里去美國了。must用于肯定句，意為“1定,表示非常有把握的推測(cè)。答案：must26. r 11 have to write a report about “Jane Eyre” next week，but I haven，t got the book yet.Don't worry.Youhave it by noontomorrow.我下周要寫一篇關(guān)于簡(jiǎn)愛的 別擔(dān)心。到明天中午你就

30、解析：句意：報(bào)告，但我還沒有書呢。會(huì)拿到了。shall與第二、三人稱連用，用于陳述句表示 說話者給對(duì)方的允諾。答案：shall27. Ithank you too much becausewithout your help I wouldn" t have won the first prize.解析：句意：我都不知道該怎么謝你了。沒有你的幫助我不會(huì)獲得一等獎(jiǎng)。can't與too連用，意為“再也不為過” 0答案：can tIt was John who broke the window.Why are(do) it?you talking to me as if I解析：句意

31、：是約翰打壞的窗戶，你為什么和我說呢？好像是我打壞的一樣。第一句已經(jīng)說明是約翰打壞 的窗戶，所以第二句中as if后面要用虛擬語氣，而且是 對(duì)過去的虛擬，故填had done。答案：had done29. Mr.Johnson" s proposal was that we(cancel) the examination and ask the students to write term papers instead.解析：句意：約翰遜先生的提議是我們應(yīng)該取消考試，而讓學(xué)生寫學(xué)期論文。在proposal, suggestion, order, request, advice等名詞后

32、的表語從句和同位語從 句中一般要使用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞用“(should+)動(dòng)詞 原形” 0答案:(should)cancel30 Catherine would rather that she(takethe pain instead of her baby.We can't imagine how upset she was.解析：句意：凱瑟琳寧愿自己代替她的寶寶受苦。我們難以想象她多么難受。would rather后面接從句時(shí) 應(yīng)用虛擬語氣。根據(jù)后一句中的how upset she was可 知，此處表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，從句謂語動(dòng) 詞應(yīng)用“had+過去分詞” o答案：h

33、ad takenII情態(tài)動(dòng)詞填空在空白處填入最合適的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Despite the fact that you 1.wear schooluniform every day，you 2.still find yourself aplace at the cutting edge（領(lǐng)先地位）of fashion. From coloured shoelaces to special snacks（零食），this is what the cool kids in your class believe in for the summer.It 3.not be practical for you

34、 to have a newpair of shoes every day，but moving from one colourshoelaces to another 4.show your desire for anew look.Bright coloursred，green, light gold, pink， purple, are the top choices. There are also sports laces that come in colour combinations, such as red/white and red/black. You 5.even try

35、to lace up your sportsshoes in two colours!Has changing cell phone accessories（|、掛件）become part of your life? Although you 6.not be able toafford the most advanced phone，you 7.stilldecorate it. Girls 8.prefer fh誼y（毛茸茸的）Teddy Bears that change colour according to the temperature, while many boys like

36、 taking accessories that say things such as “The teacher is coming?5Try sticking photos（大頭照）.They are cheap， convenient and 9.be carried around in yourwallet. You 10.even choose special backgroundsof cartoon figures to show your individuality（個(gè)ft）.答案：l.have to lean 3.may 4.can/will5. can/may 6.may 7

37、>can 8.may9. can lO.can/mayIll 改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤（每句只有1處錯(cuò)誤）。1 He might have gone to bed, for the light was out.解析：句意：他一定已經(jīng)上床睡覺了，因?yàn)闊粢呀?jīng)滅了。must have done表示對(duì)過去己經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的肯 定推測(cè)。might have done “可能做過某事”，表示對(duì)過 去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的把握不大的推測(cè)。答案：might-*must2. He commanded that roads built to link castles across the land.解析：command

38、后面的賓語從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，又 roads和build之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填 (should) be built 0答案：built前加(should) be3. He doesn，t need go to the party this afternoon if he has something important to do.解析：句意：如果他有重要的事情要做的話，今天下午他就不必去參加聚會(huì)了。根據(jù)doesn't可知，need在此題中不是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，而是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，因此后面需要用to do形式。答案：go前加to4. We must go to the concert ton

39、ight，but we are not sure yet.解析：句意：我們今天晚上有可能去音樂會(huì)，但是還不確定。must表示肯定的猜測(cè)，而may “可能會(huì)”表 示把握不大的推測(cè)。答案：must-may5. I wish I was a bird and could fly freely in the blue sky.解析：wish后的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，根據(jù)wish可 知，這里應(yīng)表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反的虛擬語氣，在虛擬語氣中，be動(dòng)詞的過去式不論人稱、不論單復(fù)數(shù)一律用were。答案：waswere6. You need have studied that late last night .It w

40、as harmful to your health.解析：由后面的句子可知，前一句句意為“昨天晚 上你不應(yīng)該學(xué)到那么晚”，因此應(yīng)用need的否定形式。 needn，t have done “本不必做某事（而實(shí)際上做了）”。答案：need->needn，t7. If I was five years younger; I would take the job.解析：句意：如果我能年輕五歲的話，我就會(huì)接受 這份工作。if虛擬條件句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句 謂語動(dòng)詞用were或did,主句謂語動(dòng)詞用awould/could/should/might+do ” 來表示。答案：was- were8. If I persuaded him not to do so, he wouldn" t have made such a serious mistake.解析：根據(jù)主句中的wouldn" t have made可知，此 處表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，因此if從句用過去完成 時(shí)。答案：persuaded前加had9. Jack is a gre