小學英語語法

1、學校英語語法i 詢問名字年齡；1, - what s your name. - 你叫什么名字？-my name is . -我叫；2, -how old are you. -你幾歲了？-i m 12-.-我十二歲；i i詢問顏色；1, -what colour is it. -它是什么顏色的？-it s yellow and white-.- 黃白相間；2, -what colour are they. -它們是什么顏色的？-they re green.- 綠色的；iii 詢問數(shù)量或價錢；1, -how many kites can you see. -你可以觀察幾只風箏？-i can see

2、 12. -我可以觀察十二只風箏；2, -how many crayons do you have. -你有多少支彩筆？-i have 16. - 我有十六支；3, -how many people are there in your family. -你家有幾口人？-three. - 三口人；4, -how much is this dress. -這條連衣裙多少錢？-it s nine-ntyine yuan. - 九十九元；5, -how much are these apples. -這些蘋果多少錢？-they re thirty-five yuan. - 三十五元；iv 詢問時間或日

3、期；1, -what time is it now. -現(xiàn)在幾點鐘？-it s nine o clock. it s time for engl-is-h-九cla點s；s. 該上英語課了； -it s eight o clock. it s time to g（o t-o-b- 八ed點. ；該上床睡覺了；） 2, -what day is it today. -今日星期幾？-it s monday-.-星期一；-what do we have on mondays.（- 我們星期一上哪些課？-we have chinese, english, math-語文、英語、數(shù)學）3, -when

4、is your birthday. -你的生日是什么時候？-it s october 1st, our national day.-十月一日，國慶節(jié)；4, -when do you do morning exercises. -你們什么時候做早錘煉？-i usually do morning exercises at 8:30. -我們通常 8：30 做早錘煉；v 詢問方位或地方；1, -where is my toy car. -我的玩具汽車在哪兒？-it s here, under the chair-.- 在這兒，在椅子下面；2, -where is the canteen. -餐廳在哪

5、兒？-it s on the first floor-.-在一樓；3, -where are the keys. -鑰匙在哪兒？-they re in the door. -在門上；4, -excuse me. where is the library, please. -對不起，請問圖書館在哪兒？-it s near the post office-.- 在郵局鄰近；5, -where are you from. -你從哪兒來？-i m from china-.- 我從中國來；6, -where does the rain come from. -雨是從哪兒來的？-it comes from

6、 the clouds. -它是從云層里來的；vi 詢問想吃的東西；1, -what would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner. -你早餐 /中餐/晚餐想吃點什么？-i d like some bread and milk / rice and soup.- 我想吃面包和牛奶 /米飯和湯；2, - what s for breakfast / lunch / dinner.- 早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么？-hamburgers and orange juice. -漢堡包和橙汁；vii 詢問天氣狀況；1, - what s the weather

7、like in beijing.- 北京的天氣如何？-it s rainy today. how about new york. -今日是雨天；紐約呢？-it s sunny and hot-.-今日是晴天，天氣很熱；viii詢問身體狀況或心情；1, -how do you feel. -你感覺如何？-i feel sick. - 我覺得不舒適；2, - what s the matter. -怎么了？-my throat is sore. / i have a sore throat. -我的喉嚨疼；3, -how are you, sarah. you look so sad. -你好嗎，

8、莎拉？你看起來這么難過；-i failed the math test. -我的數(shù)學考試沒有通過；ix 詢問職業(yè)、身份或人物；1, - whats your father / mother.-你的父親/ 母親是做什么的？-he s a doctor. / she s a teache-r-.- 他是一名醫(yī)生； / 她是一名老師；2, -what does your mother / father do. -你的母親/ 父親是做什么的？-she s a tv reporter. / he s a teacher. he teaches english.-她是一名電視臺記者；/他是一名老師；他教英

9、語；3, - who s that man / woman.- 那位男士/ 女士是誰？-he s my father. / she s my mothe-r-.- 他是我父親；/ 她是我母親；4, - who s this boy / girl.- 那個男孩兒/ 女孩兒是誰？-he s my brother. / she s my sister-.-他是我兄弟；/ 她是我姐妹；5, -who s your art teacher.- 你們的美術(shù)老師是誰？-miss wang.-王老師；-what s she like.-她長什么樣兒？-she s young and thin.- 她很年輕、苗

10、條；x 詢問愛好、喜好；1, - what s your favourite food / drink.-你最喜愛的食物/ 飲料是什么？-fish / orange juice.-魚； / 橙汁；2, - what s your favourite season.-你最喜愛的季節(jié)是什么？-winter.-冬天；-which season do you like best.（- 你最喜愛哪個季節(jié)？-winter.-冬天；）-why do you like winter.- 你為什么喜愛冬天？-because i can make a snowman.- 由于可以堆雪人； 3, - what s

11、your hobby.-你的愛好是什么？-i like collecting stamps.- 我喜愛集郵；-what s his hobby.- 他的愛好是什么？-he likes riding a bike.-他喜愛騎自行車； 4, -do you like peaches.- 你喜愛吃桃子嗎？-yes, i do. / no, i don t.-喜愛； / 不喜愛；xi 詢問平常一般或通常做的事情；1, -what do you do on saturdays / on the weekends. -你星期六/ 周末一般做什么？-i usually do my homework. som

12、etimes i play football. -我通常做作業(yè)，有時候踢足球；xii 詢問正在做的事情；1, -what are you doing.-你在做什么？-i m doing the dishes.-我在洗盤子；2, - what s your father doing.- 你父親正在做什么？-he swriting an e-mail.-他正在寫電子郵件； 3, - what s mike doing.- 邁克正在干什么？-he s watching insects.-他正在觀看昆蟲；4, - what s the tiger doing.- 那只老虎在干什么？-it s runn

13、ing.-它在奔跑；5, -what are the elephants doing.- 那些大象在干什么？-they re drinking.-它們正在喝水；xiii 詢問將要做的事情；1, -what are you going to do.- 你預備做什么？-i m going to the cinema.- 我預備去看電影；-when are you going to do.- 你預備什么時候去？-this afternoon.-今日下午；2, -where are you going this afternoon.- 今日下午你預備到哪兒去？-i m going to the boo

14、kstore.- 我預備到書店去；-what are you going to buy.-你準備買點兒什么？-i m going to buy a comicbook.- 我預備買本漫畫書；時態(tài)：1、一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)一般在這個時態(tài)里會顯現(xiàn)always 、usually 、often 、seldom 、never ；這表是平率；找到這些詞后，再找人稱；假如人是一個人的話（單數(shù)），動詞就加s或 es，有時候會去 f 或 fe 為 v+es ，甚至不規(guī)章變化；例如：fish 變?yōu)?fish ；假如人是兩個人以上動詞就不變；2、現(xiàn)在進行時be 動詞=動詞的 ing 形式；例如： the boy is si

15、ng. 男孩正在唱歌；由于一個男孩是單數(shù)所以be 動詞用 is；the children are playing；孩子們正在玩耍；由于孩子們是兩個人以上（children 是復數(shù)，單數(shù)為child ）所以 be 動詞用 are ；3、過去時態(tài)找時間，再把動詞改為過去式；動詞的過去式要死記硬背；例如：i ate an apple last night. （昨晚我吃了個蘋果；）4、將來時態(tài)表示將來要做的事情； isare going to+ 動詞原形；或者 will +動詞原形；例如： mary is going to shopping tomorrow. （mary 明天準備去購物；）換一種說法

16、就是 mary will shopping tomorrow.5、過去完成時態(tài)要背過去分詞； havehas been ；been 代表過去分詞； 例如：go-gone（去）eat-eaten （吃）簡要語法1.人稱代詞主格：iweyousheheitthey賓格：meusyouherhimitthem形容詞性物主代詞： myouryourherhisitstheir名詞性物主代詞：mineoursyourshershisitstheirs2.形容詞和副詞的比較級(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+er older taller longer stronger, etc(2) 多音節(jié)詞前 +more

17、more interesting, etc.(3) 雙寫最終一個字母，再+er bigger fatter, etc.(4) 把 y 變 i，再+erheavier, earlier(5) 不規(guī)章變化：well-better, much/many-more, etc.3.可數(shù)詞的復數(shù)形式大多數(shù)名詞+ sa book books名詞以 y 結(jié)尾，變 y+ ies ， a story stories名詞以s, sh, ch,x結(jié)尾+esa glass glasses a watch-watches名詞以 o 結(jié)尾 +s 或+esa piano pianos a mango mangoes名詞以 f

18、 或 fe結(jié)尾，去 f 或 fe +vesa knife knives a shelf-shelves4.不行數(shù)名詞 單復數(shù)形式不變 bread, rice, water ,juice etc.5. 縮略形式i m = i am you re = you areshe s = she is he s = he is it s = it iswho s =who iscan t =can notisn t=is not6. a/ana book, a peach an egg an hour7. 介詞:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, be

19、side, at, behind.表示時間：at six oclock, at christmas, at breakfaston monday on 15th july on national day in the evening in december in winter8. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞one firsttwo-secondthree-thirdtwenty-twentieth9. some /any一般式用 somei have some toys in my bedroom.疑問或否定用 anydo you have any brothers or sisters.10. be動詞

20、(1) 基本態(tài): am/are/is(2) 確定和否定句i amnot from london.my eyes arenot small. my hair isnot long.（ 3）一般疑問句：am i a chinese. yes, you are. no, you arent.are they american. yes, they are. no, they aren t. is the cat fat. yes, it is. no, it isn t.11. there be結(jié)構(gòu)確定句：there is athere are一般疑問句 : is there. yes, there

21、 is./ no, there isnt.are th ere否定句：there isnt. yes, there are. /no, there aren.there aren t. t.12.祈使句sit down pleasedon t sit down, please.13.現(xiàn)在進行時 .通常用 “ now”.形式：be +動詞+ingi amnot doing my homework. you/we/they arenot reading. he/she/it isnot eating.動詞 ing 的形式大多數(shù)動詞 +ingwalk walking動詞以e 結(jié)尾，去 e + ing

22、come coming動 詞 最 后 一 個 字 母 前 是 元 音 ， 雙 寫 最 后 一 個 字 母 +ingrunrunning swim swimming14一般現(xiàn)在時；通常用“ usually, often, every day, sometimes；”形式：確定句：i go to school on foot every day.she goes to school on foot every day.一般疑問句 :do you jump high. yes, i do. / no, i don t.does he jump high. yes, he does. / no, he

23、 doesn t.否定句：we dont go to school on sundays.my mother doesn t like watching tv in the evening.15. 情態(tài)動詞 can,must, should后面直接用動詞原形；1. i / he / she / they can sing.2you should keep quiet in the library.16. 一般過去時態(tài)（a） ） be動詞的過去式 :i/he/she/it wasnot. you/we/they were. 一般疑問句 was, were放在句首；（b） ） 動詞過去式：確定句：

24、i watched cartoons.she visited the zoo.一般疑問句：did you read book last night. yes, i did. no, i didnt.did she clean the desk just now. yes, she did. no, she didn t.否定句：they didn t go the part yesterday. he didn t make model ships last week. 3動詞過去式的變化：規(guī)章動詞的變化：大多數(shù)動詞+edplanted,watered,climbed ；動詞以e 結(jié)尾 +dl

25、iked ；動詞以 y 結(jié)尾，變 y 為 i+edstudy studied動詞最終一個字母前是元音，雙寫最終一個字母+ingstop -stopped不規(guī)章動詞的變化：is/am wasare weredo didhave/has hadmake madefly-flew （發(fā)音/u:/ ）eat atetake tookrun ransing sangdrink drank17. 以“ w-h”開頭的問句 . what are you doing. what colour is it.what time is it. what stimthee.which is your watch, t

26、he yellow one or the white one. who s the man with a big nose.whose bag is it. when is your birthday. where is my ball pen.why do you like summer.how many books are there in the school bag. how old is the young man.how much is the toy bear.how do you go to school every day. what are you doing.what c

27、olour is it.what time is it. what s the time.which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one. who s the man with a big nose.whose bag is it. when is your birthday. where is my ball pen.why do you like summer.how many books are there in the school bag. how old is the young man.how much is the to

28、y bear.how do you go to school every day.一 、名詞的復數(shù)；名詞按其數(shù) ,可分兩種 :可數(shù)名詞和不行數(shù)名詞 .可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)變化規(guī)章:1.一般情形下 ,直接在詞尾加 -s,如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens 2.以 s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞 ,在詞后加 -es,如:class-classes, box-boxes,match-matches,3.以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的 ,變 y 為 i 再加-es,如:city-cities, family-families, country- countries 4.以 f 或 f

29、e 結(jié)尾的 ,變 f 或 fe 為 v 再加-es,如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,5.以 o 結(jié)尾的加 -es 或-s,如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,二、形容詞的比較級、最高級；形容詞有比較級與最高級之分, 單音節(jié)詞的變化規(guī)章 :1.一般情形下 ,直接在詞尾加 -er 或-est,如:small-smaller-smallest,

30、short-shorter-shortest2.以 e 結(jié)尾的 ,加-er 或-est,如:large-larger-largest, nice-nicer-nicest.3.以輔音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的 , 變 y為 i 再加-er 或-est,如:busy-busier-busiest, heavy-heavier-heaviest.4.以重讀閉音節(jié) ,一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的 ,雙寫該字母 ,再加-er 或-est,如:big-bigger-biggest, thin-thinner-thinnest.5.多音節(jié)的詞 ,前加 more, most,如: beautiful-more beautif

31、ul-most beautiful. 6.good-better-best三、時態(tài) 小 結(jié)時態(tài)定義特點動詞的變化規(guī)章一般表示常常性現(xiàn)或習慣性的在動作. 時現(xiàn)表示現(xiàn)在或在 現(xiàn)在一階段進正在進行的行動作.時一般 表示過去某過 時發(fā)生的動去 作或情形 . 時一般將表示將要發(fā)生的事情來時every day/morning/usuallynow/ look/ listen1 yesterday morning/afternoon/evening 2.last year/month3.a minute ago/an hour ago4.this morning/afternoon/evening1.tom

32、orrow2. the day after tomorrow/3. the next day/monday 4.at the weekend/tonight 5.tomorrow night/morning/afternoon第三人稱單數(shù)的變化情形:1. 一般情形在詞尾直接加 -s2. 以 ch,sh,s,x 或 o 結(jié)尾的詞加-es3. 以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的詞 ,將 y改成 i 再加-es現(xiàn)在分詞的變化情形 :1. 一般情形在詞尾直接加-ing2. 以 e 結(jié)尾的詞 ,去掉 e 再加-ing3. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫最終一個字母加 -ing動詞過去式的變化情形:1. 一般情形在詞尾直接加-ed2. 以 e 結(jié)尾的詞加 -d3. 以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的詞 ,將 y改成 i 再加-ed4. 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫最終一個字母加 -ed主要構(gòu)成be