學(xué)樂思教育高三英語第三講

1、高三英語第三講Part A: Word List( Prepositions )6 / 6文檔可自由編輯打印01 about02 above03 across04 after05 against06 along07 among08 around09 as10 at11 away12 before13 behind14 below15 beside16 besides17 between18 beyond19 but20 by21 down22 during23 except24 for25 from26 in27 like28 near29 of30 off31 on32 onto33 out

2、 of34 outside35 over36 past37 round38 since39 through40 throughout41 till42 to43 towards44 under45 until46 up47 upon48 with49 within50 withoutPart B: Grammar 一、介詞（Prepositions） 1、介詞的分類與語法功能（1）介詞是虛詞，不能單獨(dú)作句子成分，必須與名詞、代詞（或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句等）構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。（2）介詞分為：簡單介詞，如at、in、for等；合成介詞，如within、inside、on

3、to、through, out等；短語介詞，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。雙重介詞，如from behind / above / under、until after等。分詞介詞，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。 2、核心介詞用法歸納與辨析（1）表示時(shí)間的介詞in的用法如下。 表示在某一較長時(shí)間內(nèi)，如世紀(jì)、年、月、季、周等一般用介詞in，如：in the 1990s, in the year, in January, in(the) w

4、inter / summer / fall / spring, in the first week of May。 還可以用時(shí)段名詞組成固定短語或詞組。如：in a while, in no time, in the daytime, in a short while, in time, in the morning (afternoon, evening)。但要注意：at night / at noon, in the day(在白天),in the night（大夜間）。in five days（weeks, months, years）中in意思是“在以后”。（2） 在具體的某一天或某天

5、上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。 on Sunday(s).on Tuesday morning, on March 8, on the morning (afternoon, evening)of Oct.1 early on the morning of Oct.1(區(qū)別：in the late / early morning of Oct.1) on a rainy night, on warm winter days（3）表示某一時(shí)刻或某一點(diǎn)時(shí)間用at,如小時(shí)、分鐘等。 at breakfast(supper, lunch),at six at noon (sunrise, sunset,

6、 midday, night, midnight, dawn) at the age of 15, at the time of war,但in time of danger/ trouble。 注意：有些時(shí)間名詞前不接介詞。如： next day、last Sunday、that morning、these years one、each、any、every、some、all修飾時(shí),一般不用介詞,如some day one day、yesterday / afternoon, the night before（4）till、until的用法。 till(until)與持續(xù)動(dòng)詞連用一般用于肯定句

7、中，與短暫動(dòng)詞連用一般用在否定句中。如： He waited for me till twelve oclock. He didnt get up till(until) 10 a.m.(不可用to).（5）in、after、later The doctor will be with us in six minutes. She graduated in 1981,and eight years later she became the manager of the factory. He received her letter after four weeks.（6）地點(diǎn)介詞at、on、in

8、、to、across、through、over、under、below。 at 在較小的場所，in在較大的場所，on在的平面上。如at the door、at the airport、at the station、at 55 Park Street、in China、in the north、in Asia、on the desk、on the wall等。 on、at、in還可以表示兩地相對位置。若A地屬于B地，用in; A地位于B地的外面且有邊緣銜接用on；無邊緣的銜接有to。如： Japan lies to the east of China.(范圍之外) Taiwan lies in

9、the southeast of China.（范圍之外） Hunan province lies on the west of Hubei province.(毗鄰) The island lies off the coast of China.(相隔一定距離) 地點(diǎn)介詞的引申、比喻意義：in the sun在陽光下，in the dark(ness)在黑暗中，in the dark不知道，in freezing weather在嚴(yán)寒天氣中，in the earth在地下,in a heavy rain 在大雨中,in public 當(dāng)眾，in trouble 在困境中，get into t

10、rouble陷入困境，out of trouble擺脫困難。 across在物體表面“穿過”；through則表示在三維空間內(nèi)部“穿過”。如： They walked across the playground. I walked through the forest. over / under / above / below。over、above譯作“在之上”；under、below譯作“在的下面”，其區(qū)別在于over、under表示一種直接的、垂直的上下關(guān)系；而above、below則表示一般的“高于”或“低于”，不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。如： A little boat is no

11、w under the bridge. There is a bridge over the river. The sun sinks below the horizon(地平線) The window is well above the tree.（7）表示方式、手段、工具的介詞 by the year/hour/day按年/小時(shí)/天。如He rent a house by the year(day,hour). 表泛指的方式、手段by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(電訊器材)，by electricity用電，learn

12、 sth. by heart, through the satellite, through practice, through his own efforts, through experience 交通工具類 by bus/train/car/taxi(road) by bike/bicycle, on horse back/on foot by plane/jet/spaceship, by air by ship/boat/lifeboat, by sea/by water另外：by means of 用方法，by way of 經(jīng)由，取道于，用方法，with the help (pe

13、rmission)of sb./with sb.s help (permission)。（8）表示“除之外”的幾組常用介紹比較。besides 除以外，（還有）。作副詞時(shí)意思是“而且，更何況”。 Well all went to the cinema besides Shaw.除了肖外，我們都去了電影院。 It was too late to see a film, and besides, I was tired.except除去，除之外（不再有）。 We all went except John.我們都去了，約翰沒有。except for除了 except that 除了一點(diǎn)以外。 He

14、has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.（9）between與among.between通常指兩者之間。也可以用于三者以上的兩者之間。（10）某些名詞與介詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配。要求接to的名詞有：key、answer、visit、entrance、apology、introduction、road等。要求接in 的名詞有：interest、satisfaction、expert等。 He is expert in teaching small children.二、連詞（Conjunctions）1、并列關(guān)系A(chǔ)nd, both.

15、and., neither.nor., not only.but also. 2、 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系But, however, yet（然而）, still（仍然）, while（然而）3、 選擇關(guān)系Or, either.or. , whether.or.（不管.還是.）4、 狀語從句（1） 時(shí)間狀語從句：before, after, when, while, as, till, until, since, as soon as, once（2） 地點(diǎn)狀語從句：where, wherever（3） 條件狀語從句：if, unless（4） 原因狀語從句：because, as, since, for（

16、5） 讓步狀語從句：although / though, even though / if, as（雖然）（6） 目的狀語從句：so that和in order that（7） 比較狀語從句：as.as., not as / so.as., than5、 名詞性從句：that, if / whether等PracticesA.Prepositions1. （ 福建卷2009）The Somali robbed frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to _ all nations to take immediate actio

17、n. A. fight for B. apply for C. call on D. wait on2. （福建卷2008） _ a moment and I will go to your rescue. A. Go on B. Hold on C. Move on D. Carry on3. We can obtain knowledge from other sources _ books. A. beside B. besides C. apart D. in addition4. Father usually comes back from his work_. A. at noon

18、 B. in noon C. on noon D. in the noon5. We are looking _ to hearing from you soon. A. at B. forward C. for D. Up6. The students laughed _ the silly answers they had put on their tests. A. at B. from C. to D. over7. They differ _ each other in many ways. A. to B. with C. on D. from8. The picture remi

19、nds me _ the time we spent together in New York. A. of B. in C. for D. to9. Electricity is _ great use in industry and everyday life. B A. be B. of C. in D. With10. The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, _they will save us money in the long run. A.or B.since C.for D.but11. After she consider

20、ed the problem, she got a tall box to stand _. A.on B.up C.above D.byB.Conjunctions1.（福建卷2010）More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities _ space. A.in search of B.in place of C.for lack of D.for fear of 2. The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, _they will save us money in

21、 the long run. A.or B.since C.for D.but3. Roses need special care _ they can live through winter. A. because B. so that C. even if D. as4. _ you call me to say youre not coming, Ill see you at the theatre. A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. UnlessPart C: Writing漫畫類議論作文1. 讀圖 2. 解意 3. 謀篇讀圖1. 漫畫的題目 眼睛2.

22、漫畫的畫面 細(xì)節(jié)3. 漫畫的文字 觀點(diǎn)4. 漫畫的夸張 寓意解意1. 辨明褒貶，找準(zhǔn)角度 夸獎(jiǎng)褒揚(yáng) or 批評諷喻？2. 聯(lián)系生活，明晰主旨 Imagination!注意: 文字說明部分往往含有重要信息(clues)，切記要認(rèn)真閱讀！謀篇三部分:1) 描述圖片 2) 解釋寓意 3) 給出觀點(diǎn)Part 1The picture is talking about/showsThe picture shows a common phenomenon.The picture describes an interesting phenomenon.In the picture, there are/is

23、 (are) doingThe picture above is about Lets look at the picture above/first.Part 2The picture shows thatIt is the exact reflection ofThe picture indicates that weNowadays, it is a common phenomenon thatPart 3 I think/believe thatAs far as Im concerned,In my opinion,From my point of view,Only in this

24、 way can. 常用詞：表示平行、對等或選擇關(guān)系 and, as well as, together with, not onlybut also.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 but, however, in spite of, although, otherwise, while表示對比關(guān)系 on the contrary, instead of, on one handon the other hand.表示因果關(guān)系 so, therefore, as a result (of), because, owing to, due to, thanks to.表示時(shí)間、順序關(guān)系 first, secon

25、d , then, next, finally, for one thing . for another, in the end,表示遞進(jìn)、強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)系 besides, whats more, in addition, worse still, above all表示解釋、說明關(guān)系 such as, for example, for instance(例如), in other words, and so on表示結(jié)論 in short, in brief, in a word, in general, on the whole, in conclusion1根據(jù)圖畫內(nèi)容，以“We Want Our Schoolbags Lighter”題，用英語寫一篇100詞左右的短文。短文須包括以下要點(diǎn)，不得逐條翻譯。 1.簡單描述漫畫的內(nèi)容； 2.作業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)過重； 3.精講精練； 4.參加體育鍛煉和社會(huì)活動(dòng)。 We Want Our Schoolbags Lighter The picture shows that a girl is wearing a pair of glasses andcarrying a big h