高中生物 第7章 第2節(jié) 現(xiàn)代生物進(jìn)化理論的主要內(nèi)容課件 新人教版必修2 (45)

1、必修必修 2 Unit 3 Computers 重點(diǎn)單詞重點(diǎn)單詞1. _v. 計(jì)算2. _ adj. 普通的，通用的；宇宙的3. _vt. 簡(jiǎn)化4. _adj. 合邏輯的；合情理的_adv. 合邏輯地，有條理地5. _n. 工藝；科技；技術(shù)_adj. 科技的6. _adj. 人造的；假的7. _n. 智力；聰明；智能_adj. 智能的；聰明的8. _vt. 解決；解答9. _n. 真實(shí)；事實(shí)；現(xiàn)實(shí)10. _adj. 私人的；個(gè)人的；親自的_adv. 就個(gè)人而言；親自_n. 個(gè)性；人格；人物；名人calculateuniversal simplifylogicallogicallytechnol

2、ogytechnologicalartificialintelligenceintelligentsolverealitypersonalpersonallypersonality學(xué)生用書見P37 重點(diǎn)單詞重點(diǎn)單詞totaltotallyapplicationapplyapplicantfinancemobileexploreanyhowgoalsignaltypeariseelectronicappearanceappearcharacternaughty11. _adj. 總的；整個(gè)的n.總數(shù)；合計(jì) _adv. 完全地；整個(gè)地12. _ n. 應(yīng)用；用途；申請(qǐng) _v. 應(yīng)用；申請(qǐng) _n.

3、申請(qǐng)人；求職人13. _n. 金融；財(cái)經(jīng)14. _adj. 可移動(dòng)的；機(jī)動(dòng)的15. _v. 探索；探測(cè)；探究16. _adv. 無論如何；即使如此17. _n. 目標(biāo)；目的；球門；（進(jìn)球）得分18. _vi.& vt. 發(fā)信號(hào)n.信號(hào)19. _n. 類型v.打字20. _vi. 出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生21. _ adj. 電子的22. _n. 外觀；外貌；出現(xiàn) _vi. 出現(xiàn)23. _ n. 性格；特點(diǎn)24. adj. 頑皮的；淘氣的 重點(diǎn)短語重點(diǎn)短語put.in orderfrom.onas a resultgo byso.that.in a waymake upwith the help of

4、deal withwatch over1. _ 整理；使條理清楚、有序2. _ 從時(shí)起3. _ 結(jié)果4. _ 時(shí)光流逝；順便拜訪5. _ 如此以致于6. _ 在某種程度上7. _ 彌補(bǔ)；打扮；編造；構(gòu)成8. _ 在的幫助下9. _ 處理；安排；對(duì)付10. _ 看守；監(jiān)視1.“It+be/動(dòng)詞+時(shí)間段+before”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“在之后才”I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.(教材P18)

5、2.as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句As time went by, I was made smaller. (教材P18)3.so.that.如此以致于Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told. (教材P18) 重點(diǎn)句型重點(diǎn)句型現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法First as a PC and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 197

6、0s. (教材P18)I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. (教材P18)語法要點(diǎn)語法要點(diǎn)calculate v. 計(jì)算;核算;推測(cè);估計(jì)1 calculate on/upon=depend on/upon 指望 be calculated to 打算,有的企圖（2）calculating adj.精于計(jì)算的；謹(jǐn)慎的；精明的，斤斤計(jì)較個(gè)人得失的，自私的 calculation n. 計(jì)算 calculator n. 計(jì)算器(

7、 1 )（3） 學(xué)生用書見P37 We havent really calculated the cost of the vacation yet. 我們還沒有確切地計(jì)算出度假要花多少錢。 We are calculating on having fine weather for the sports meeting. 我們指望著運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)會(huì)有好天氣。 It is impossible to calculate what influence he had on her life. 現(xiàn)在無法估計(jì)他對(duì)她的生活產(chǎn)生多大影響。 The ad.is calculated to attract childre

8、n.這條廣告是為了吸引孩子。 She is well-knoen as being very selfish and calculating.她因十分自私和精于算計(jì)而聞名。anyhow adv.無論如何；即使如此Anyhow， my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. （教材P18）不管怎樣，我的目標(biāo)是給人類提供高質(zhì)量的生活。2(1) anyhow 意為“無論如何，不管怎樣，即使如此”時(shí)， 可放在句首，句中或句末，其前常有but，可與anyway互換，常用于讓步狀語從句。(2) 表示“況且，更何況，再說，至少”時(shí)，any

9、how 與anyway都用作狀語，意思的實(shí)質(zhì)是：對(duì)于前面的話作補(bǔ)充，給出一個(gè)更充分的、令人信服的理由。(3) 意為“隨意地，雜亂地，無辜地”講時(shí)，不能用anyway而只能用anyhow。 I m afraid we cant come， but thanks for the invitation anyhow (anyway)恐怕我們來不了，不過還是感謝邀請(qǐng)。 Its too expensive and anyhow (anyway) the color doesnt suit you.這個(gè)太貴，而且顏色也不適合你。 The children seem to have been dragged

10、 up anyhow instead of being educated properly.這些孩子好像是隨便拉扯大的，而不是好好教養(yǎng)大的。signal vi.& vt.發(fā)信號(hào) n.信號(hào)For example， I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal. （教材P23）例如，當(dāng)我前面沒人防守有機(jī)會(huì)射一個(gè)好球的時(shí)候，我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了用計(jì)算機(jī)語言向隊(duì)友示意把球傳給我。3 signa

11、l (to) sb.to do sth. 示意某人做某事 signal to sb. 向某人示意 signal (sb.) that 示意 signal指為某一目的而有意發(fā)出的信號(hào)。 sign表示“告示，標(biāo)記”時(shí)，側(cè)重指用圖形，文字等所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，另外還可指“征兆，跡象”。表示“標(biāo)號(hào)，符號(hào)”時(shí)，同symbol。 symbol指作象征或表達(dá)某種深邃意蘊(yùn)的特殊事物。 mark普通用詞，含義廣泛。既可指為便于辨認(rèn)而有意做的標(biāo)記，又可指自然形成的標(biāo)記或有別于其他事物的特征。還可以指污點(diǎn)、污漬，分?jǐn)?shù)，成績(jī)等。 Rapid breathing is a danger signal and you shou

12、ld call your doctor.呼吸急促是個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的征兆，該去請(qǐng)你的醫(yī)生了。 We signalled the taxi driver to pull over. 我們招呼出租車司機(jī)把車開過來。 He signalled that it was time to leave.他示意該走了。arise vi.出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；起身;起床Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.（教材P23）接著她準(zhǔn)備好可行的步驟來應(yīng)對(duì)新情況的出現(xiàn)。4(1)arise作“呈現(xiàn)；出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生”之意時(shí)，主語多為抽象名詞argumen

13、t/problem/quarrel/question/movement等。(2)arise from由而引起，由而產(chǎn)生；從中產(chǎn)生，意同result from。 She arose from her chair when he entered the room.當(dāng)他進(jìn)房間時(shí)她從椅子上站起來。 The present difficulties in our country arise from(或out of)the increased value of its money.我國(guó)目前的困難是貨幣升值引起的。（湖北卷）Ill describe three no-win situations that

14、 commonly arise between teens and parents.我將要敘述三種常發(fā)生在青少年和父母之間的、對(duì)雙方都沒好處的情況。 原形過去式過去分詞v.-ingarise (vi.) 出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生，起因于；起身arosearisenarisingarouse (vt.) 喚醒，激起arousedarousedarousingrise (vi.) 升起，起身,增長(zhǎng)，上升roserisenrisingraise (vt.) 舉起，喚起，提高，飼養(yǎng)raisedraisedraisingas a result 結(jié)果As a result I totally changed my sh

15、ape. (教材P18)因此，我已經(jīng)完全改變了我的形狀。1as a result of 因?yàn)?，由于result in 結(jié)果為；導(dǎo)致result from 因?yàn)?，源自without result 毫無結(jié)果with the result that 因此，從而，結(jié)果是學(xué)生用書見P39 They didnt get enough money. As a result， they had to give up the plan.他們沒有弄到足夠的錢，因此，只好放棄那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。 As a result of the car accident， Jackson couldnt work any longer.

16、由于車禍，杰克遜不能再工作了。 His carelessness resulted in his failure.他的粗心導(dǎo)致他的失敗。 His failure resulted from his carelessness.他的失敗在于他的粗心。 It is understood that the relevant departments for this issue have also been controversial, so far without result.據(jù)了解，有關(guān)部門為這一問題也發(fā)生過爭(zhēng)論，至今沒有結(jié)果。 He was late, with the result that

17、he didnt catch the train. 他遲到了，結(jié)果沒趕上火車。in a way 在某種程度上In a way our programmer is like our coach. (教材P23)從某種程度上看，我們的程序員就像是我們的教練。2all the way 一路上； 自始至終by the way 順便提一下by way of 路經(jīng)；經(jīng)過；經(jīng)由give way to sth./sb. 屈服；退讓；讓步in a way/in one way 在某種程度上in no way 一點(diǎn)也不；決不in the/sbs way 妨礙；擋著的路lose ones way 迷路；迷失方向ma

18、ke ones way (to/towards)sth. 去；前往；到地方去make way for sb./sth. 給讓路；讓通過on the way 即將來臨on ones way to sp. 在去的路上under way 已經(jīng)開始；在進(jìn)行中 They are travelling to France by way of London. 他們經(jīng)倫敦去法國(guó)。 Only in this way can you get rid of your bad habits.只有用這種方法你才能戒掉你的壞習(xí)慣。 In no way should you lose heart.你決不應(yīng)該失去信心。 Do

19、nt stand in the way. Move aside and let me pass.不要擋著路，靠邊點(diǎn)讓我過去。 When exploring the forest, we lost our way.在探險(xiǎn)這個(gè)森林時(shí)，我們迷路了。 Remember to buy some bread on your way home.記得在你回家的路上買些面包。watch over 看守；監(jiān)視It should also watch over my naughty niece, who comes to my house very often. (教材P24)也應(yīng)該看守經(jīng)常到我家的淘氣侄女。3wa

20、tch out (for) 當(dāng)心；小心watch for sb./sth. 觀察，等待watch/mind ones step 小心地行走；謹(jǐn)慎地做事或行動(dòng)keep (a) watch (on/for/over)值班；守望；密切注意；監(jiān)視on/off watch 在/不在值班be under close watch 被嚴(yán)密監(jiān)視 Watch out! There is a dangerous snake ahead.當(dāng)心，前面有條危險(xiǎn)的蛇。 When you travel around the forest, you should watch out for the poisonous anim

21、als.行走在森林里時(shí)，你應(yīng)該當(dāng)心有毒的動(dòng)物。 The cat was on the wall, watching for birds.那只貓?jiān)趬ι纤艡C(jī)捕捉鳥兒。“It+be/動(dòng)詞+時(shí)間段+before”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“在之后才”I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. (教材P18)我發(fā)展很慢，差不多到了兩百年之后，查爾斯巴比奇才將我制成了一臺(tái)分析機(jī)。1before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“

22、過一段時(shí)間后才/就”；若主句為將來時(shí)態(tài)，從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；若主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)或過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，則從句用一般過去時(shí)。1學(xué)生用書見P40（1）before 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，除了譯成“在之前”之外，還可表示“還沒來得及就”,目的在于強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前，主句動(dòng)作已發(fā)生。 It be+時(shí)間段+since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，表示 “自從已經(jīng)有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”。主句用一般現(xiàn)在 時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 （2） It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 再過半年你才能畢業(yè)。 It was not long before he sense

23、d the danger of the position.不久他就意識(shí)到他處境的危險(xiǎn)。 It is three years since she came to our class.她來我們班已經(jīng)有三年了。as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句As time went by， I was made smaller.（教材P18）隨著時(shí)間的推移，我被弄得越來越小。本句中as 是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“隨著”。拓展延伸拓展延伸(1)as是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。(2)with是介詞，后接名詞或代詞構(gòu)成with短語或with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 As time went on， his knowledge broade

24、ned.隨著時(shí)間的推移，他的知識(shí)面變寬了。 As time went by， the city became more beautiful.隨著時(shí)間的流逝，這座城市變得更美麗了。 With the time going by， they became close friends.隨著時(shí)間的流逝，他們變成了好朋友。 With the wealth of the country increasing， more waste will be produced.隨著國(guó)家財(cái)富的增加，也產(chǎn)生了更多的垃圾。so.that.如此以致于Over time my memory has developed so m

25、uch that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told.（教材P18）隨著時(shí)間的推移，我的記憶能力發(fā)展得如此之快，就像一頭大象一樣，從來不會(huì)忘記告訴我的任何事情！3此句中so.that.意為“如此以致于”，so是副詞，后面要跟形容詞或副詞，其用法如下： 形容詞或副詞 形容詞+a(n)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 many/few+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 much/little(少的)+不可數(shù)名詞拓展延伸拓展延伸 such+a(n)+adj.+n.+that such+adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+that such+adj.+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+that

26、(2)當(dāng)so./such.放在句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。so+that.(1) I was so tired that I went to bed as soon as I ate the supper.我太累了，以至于我一吃完晚飯就去睡覺了。 It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.(It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.)天氣如此熱，誰也不想干活。 There were so many people in the street watching th

27、e fire that firefighters could not get close to the building. 街上有那么多人觀看大火，以至于消防隊(duì)員無法接近大樓。 It is such lovely weather that we all want to go out for a walk.天氣那么好，我們都想出去散步。 So fast did the teacher speak that I couldnt follow him. (The teacher spoke so fast that I could not follow him.)那個(gè)老師說得太快，我聽不懂。.品句填

28、詞品句填詞（用所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式或根據(jù)語境寫一個(gè)合適的詞）1.The wide （apply） of electronic computers in science and technology will free men from the labour of complicated measurement and computation.【答案】【答案】1.application2.There is another kind of beauty that has nothing to do with (appear), but comes from the heart.【答案】【答案】 2.a

29、ppearance3.If it is not dealt , then the emotional scars that it leaves behind, in most cases, will become lifelong. 【答案】【答案】 3.with4.If computers had not been invented, many problems on space flight could not (solve).【答案】【答案】 4.have been solved學(xué)生用書見P415.At present, the artificial brain research is

30、still at its initial period, and the methods to construct artificial brain (explore). 【答案】【答案】5.are being explored6. (simplify) your life means being able to say NO to filling up every moment of every day! 【答案】【答案】6.Simplifying7.She and Sue remained awake most of the night, (watch) over the children

31、, and only slept for a couple of hours. 【答案】【答案】7.watching8.The use of the tree logo is a (universal) recognizable symbol which represents many things, some of which are life, wisdom, strength, protection and abundance. 【答案】【答案】8.universally the help of the telephone, people can keep in touch with a

32、nyone at any time and in any place for urgent help. 【答案】【答案】9.With10.Oddly enough, nobody seems to see the connection between the low-fat we have been eating and the many health problems which (arise) since the 1950s.【答案】【答案】 10.have arisen.單句改錯(cuò)單句改錯(cuò)（含詞匯和本單元的語法）1.Have calculated the budget, we decide

33、d to give up the plan to go abroad for a travel.【答案】【答案】HaveHaving 2.It is well known to us all that hard work will surely result success. So just keep on trying, and you will achieve your goal one day.【答案】【答案】在result后加上in 3.The young man sent me such beautiful flowers as I found it difficult to ref

34、use his invitation.【答案】【答案】asthat 4.There is little chance that we will manage to change the law, but weve decided to have a try somehow.【答案】【答案】somehowanyhow 5.As for my papers, my English teacher referred me to Chapter 3, for the problem was fully dealt in it.【答案】【答案】在dealt后加上with 6.Ive grown up.

35、So I hate it when I am always watched over by my mother as if I were a child.【答案】【答案】watchedbeing watched 7.The rainy weather helped me in way, which gave me a good excuse not to go to their party.【答案】【答案】在way前加上a 8.With many problems arisen, I felt at a loss where to start, so I had to turn to Mr.

36、Wang for help.【答案】【答案】arisenarising 9.I cant wait to express my thanks to the young porter, with his help I have got my luggage and especially my student visa back.【答案】【答案】hiswhose 10.With the development of medical science, more and more treatment methods on cancer have discovered in the past years.【答案】【答案】在discovered前加上been .課