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1、2021-12-151什么什么(shn me)是句子?是句子?句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的,是能句子是由詞按照一定的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)組成的,是能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整概念的語(yǔ)言單位表達(dá)一個(gè)完整概念的語(yǔ)言單位(dnwi)句子句子的第一個(gè)字母必須大寫(xiě),結(jié)尾要有?的第一個(gè)字母必須大寫(xiě),結(jié)尾要有? !I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is !第1頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第一頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-152現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)里一般的句子成分有六種,即主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(bny)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)的基本成分有七種:主語(yǔ)(subject)、謂語(yǔ)(predi

2、cate)、表語(yǔ)(predicative)、賓語(yǔ)(bny)(object)、定語(yǔ)(attribute)、狀語(yǔ)(adverbial) 和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(complement)、同位語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型,是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。句子句子(j zi)包括哪些成分?包括哪些成分?第2頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第二頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-153 主語(yǔ):主語(yǔ)是在句子中說(shuō)明全句中心主題主語(yǔ):主語(yǔ)是在句子中說(shuō)明全句中心主題(zht)的部分一般由名詞,代詞,不定的部分一般由名詞,代詞,不定式,動(dòng)名詞或從句充當(dāng)它的位置一般在句首式,動(dòng)名詞或從句充當(dāng)它的位置

3、一般在句首The girl is beautiful.They are good friends.To see is to believe.Reading is useful.What he said is right.第3頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第三頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-154謂語(yǔ)(wiy): 謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么,是什么,怎么樣,由簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞或者謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么,是什么,怎么樣,由簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞或者(huzh)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成成They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can

4、speak English.He arrived. He reached .第4頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第四頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-155表語(yǔ)(bioy): 表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么,或者怎么樣,由名詞表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么,或者怎么樣,由名詞(mng c),形容詞,副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),形容詞,副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式,動(dòng)名詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞(mng c),短語(yǔ),或者從句充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)位于系動(dòng)詞后面,短語(yǔ),或者從句充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)位于系動(dòng)詞后面I am a teacher.She is happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.My job is to teach English.S

5、eeing is believing.第5頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第五頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-156賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(bny) 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(bny)是動(dòng)作,行為的對(duì)象,由名詞,代詞,短語(yǔ),不定式,動(dòng)名詞,從句充是動(dòng)作,行為的對(duì)象,由名詞,代詞,短語(yǔ),不定式,動(dòng)名詞,從句充當(dāng)它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做了什么,在謂語(yǔ)之后當(dāng)它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做了什么,在謂語(yǔ)之后She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.第6

6、頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第六頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-157賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)(bny)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 在英語(yǔ)中,有些句子只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整的意思,在英語(yǔ)中,有些句子只有賓語(yǔ)并不能表達(dá)完整的意思,還必須在賓語(yǔ)后面家上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意還必須在賓語(yǔ)后面家上賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思它起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)干什么,怎么樣的作用思它起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)干什么,怎么樣的作用 它可以由名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語(yǔ)它可以由名詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞短語(yǔ)(duny),不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng)不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞充當(dāng) If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door

7、 open.We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name called.第7頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第七頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-158狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)(zhungy) 狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞或副詞它表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間(shjin),地點(diǎn),目的,方式,程度一般由副詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng),也可由從句來(lái)充當(dāng)He did it carefully. She is w

8、atching the pictures, sorrowful.Without his help, we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.第8頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第八頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-159定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)(dngy) 定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞(dic)形容詞,代詞形容詞,代詞(dic),數(shù)詞,名詞,介詞短語(yǔ),不,數(shù)詞,名詞,介

9、詞短語(yǔ),不定式,動(dòng)名詞,分詞,從句都可以充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)定式,動(dòng)名詞,分詞,從句都可以充當(dāng)定語(yǔ) The black bike is mine. Whats your name? A broken vase. I have 5 books. A sleeping boy. They made paper flowers. The boy in the room is Jack. I have something to do. It is a swimming pool.第9頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第九頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1510同位語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ)是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對(duì)前者加以說(shuō)明的成分(chng

10、fn),近乎于后置定語(yǔ)。如: We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位語(yǔ),都是指同一批學(xué)生) We all are students. / (all是we的同位語(yǔ),都指同樣的我們) 第10頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第十頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1511第11頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第十一頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1512種類(lèi)種類(lèi)類(lèi)型類(lèi)型主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)S謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞v表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)/賓賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ)p賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)0賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)oc第第1種種S+VWework第第種種He playsviolin.第第種種We arestudents第第種種S+v+IO+DO shegaveme a

11、pen.第第種種S+V+O+OC He mademelaugh第12頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第十二頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1513基本句型 一: (主系表) (是系動(dòng)詞(dngc)) 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 這是本英漢辭典。2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好。3. He fell in love. 他墮入了情網(wǎng)。 4. Everything looks different. 一切看來(lái)都不同了。5. He is growing tall and strong. 他長(zhǎng)得又高又壯6. The troubleis

12、that they are short of money. 麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X(qián)。7. Our well has gone dry. 我們井干枯了。 8. His face turned red. 他的臉紅了。第13頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第十三頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1514基本句型 二: (主謂)主語(yǔ):可以作主語(yǔ)的成分有名詞(mng c)(如boy),主格代詞(如you),動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞(mng c)等。主語(yǔ)一般在句首。注意名詞(mng c)單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家! 謂語(yǔ):謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成,是英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)變化的主角,一般在主語(yǔ)之后。不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),形成主謂結(jié)構(gòu),如:We come

13、. 此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn),即句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞,后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)從句等。 (不及物動(dòng)詞) 1. The sun was shining. 太陽(yáng)在照耀著。2. The universe remains. 宇宙長(zhǎng)存。3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。4. Who cares? 管它呢? 5. What he said does not matter. 他所講的沒(méi)有(mi yu)什么關(guān)系。 6. The pen writes smoothly 這支筆書(shū)寫(xiě)流利。第14頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第十四

14、頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1515主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(zhy)可有修飾語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-定語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)定語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)可有修飾語(yǔ)-狀狀語(yǔ)。語(yǔ)。如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in

15、an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.第15頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第十五頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1516 鞏固(gngg)練習(xí):1 1她昨天回家很晚。她昨天回家很晚。 2 2會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。會(huì)議將持續(xù)兩個(gè)小時(shí)。 3 3在過(guò)去的十年里我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化在過(guò)去的十年里我的家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大變化. .4 419191919年,在北京年,在北京(bi jn(bi jn) )爆發(fā)了爆發(fā)了“五五. .四四”運(yùn)動(dòng)。運(yùn)動(dòng)。5 5每天八時(shí)開(kāi)始上課。每天八時(shí)開(kāi)始上課。 2. The meeting will last two hours.3. Great c

16、hanges have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 4. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 5. Classes begin at eight every day. 1. She went home very late yesterday evening. 第16頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第十六頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1517鞏固(gngg)練習(xí): 6 6這個(gè)重五公斤。這個(gè)重五公斤。 7 7五年前我住在北京。五年前我住在北京。8 8秋天有些鳥(niǎo)飛到南方去。秋

17、天有些鳥(niǎo)飛到南方去。 9 9我的爺爺我的爺爺(y ye)(y ye)早晨起得很早。早晨起得很早。 10. 10. 每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書(shū)館來(lái)借書(shū)。每天下午有許多學(xué)生到圖書(shū)館來(lái)借書(shū)。 6. This box weighs five kilos. 7.I lived in Beijing five years ago.8.In autumn, some birds fly to the south. 9. My grandfather gets up early in the morning. 10.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the li

18、brary to borrow books.第17頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第十七頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1518基本句型 三: (主謂賓)構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)的代詞必須是代詞賓格,如:me,him,them等 (及物動(dòng)詞) 1. Who knows the answer? 誰(shuí)知道答案? 2. She smiled her thanks. 她微笑表示感謝。3. He has refused to help them. 他拒絕幫他們。4. He enjoys reading. 他喜歡看書(shū)(kn sh)。5. They ate what was left over. 他們吃了剩飯。6. He said Good mo

19、rning. 他說(shuō):早上好!7. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 8. He admits that he was mistaken. 他承認(rèn)犯了錯(cuò)誤。 第18頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第十八頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1519鞏固(gngg)練習(xí):1昨晚我寫(xiě)了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你談?wù)劇?3這本書(shū)他讀過(guò)多次了。 4他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。 5那位先生能流利地說(shuō)三種(sn zhn)語(yǔ)言。 I wrote a letter last night. I want to talk with you this afternoon. He has read this bo

20、ok many times. They have carried out the plan successfully. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently. 第19頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第十九頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1520鞏固(gngg)練習(xí): 6我收到了筆友從澳大利亞寄來(lái)的信。 7Jim 還不會(huì)自己穿衣服。 8我們大家都相信Jack 是一個(gè)(y )誠(chéng)實(shí)男孩。 9. 他不知道說(shuō)什麼好。 10. 我開(kāi)窗戶你在意嗎? I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia. Jim cann

21、ot dress himself. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. He did not know what to say. Do you mind my opening the window? 第20頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第二十頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1521基本句型 四: (主謂間賓直賓) (及物) (多指人) (多指物) 1. She ordered herself a new dress. 她給自己定了一套新衣裳。2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。3. H

22、e brought you a dictionary. 他給你帶來(lái)了一本字典。4. He denies her nothing. 他對(duì)她什么都不拒絕。5. I told him that the bus was late. 我告訴他汽車(chē)晚點(diǎn)(wn din)了。6. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我開(kāi)機(jī)器。 第21頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第二十一頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1522但若要先說(shuō)出直接賓語(yǔ)(bny)(事物),后說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)(bny)(人),則要借助于介詞to或for。如: He brings cookies to me every day. She

23、 made a beautiful dress for me.第22頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第二十二頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1523用to側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向,表示(biosh)朝著,向著,對(duì)著某人。用for 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者,表示(biosh)為了某人,替某人。常跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:(需借助to的)bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等;(需借助for 的) buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make

24、, order, sing, save, spare等。第23頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第二十三頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1524鞏固練習(xí):1Johnson 先生去年教我們德語(yǔ)。 2奶奶昨晚給我們講了一個(gè)有趣(yuq)的故事。 3請(qǐng)把那本字典遞給我好嗎? 4他把車(chē)票給列車(chē)員看。 Mr Johnson taught us German last year. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conducto

25、r. He showed the conductor the ticket.第24頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第二十四頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1525鞏固練習(xí): 5我替你叫輛出租汽車(chē)好嗎?6新式機(jī)器將會(huì)為你節(jié)省許多(xdu)勞動(dòng)。7他用他的第一個(gè)月工資給他媽媽買(mǎi)了一件毛衣。 Shall I call you a taxi? The new machine will save you a lot of labour. 7.He bought a new sweater for his mother with his first months salary.He bought his mother a ne

26、w sweater.第25頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第二十五頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1526說(shuō)明: 此結(jié)構(gòu)由“主語(yǔ)+及物的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成。賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有邏輯(lu j)上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系,若無(wú)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),則句意不夠完整。The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. 基本(jbn)句型 五: (主謂賓賓補(bǔ))第26頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第二十六頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1527 (及物) (賓語(yǔ)) (賓補(bǔ))名詞/代詞賓格 + 名詞The war| made| him |a soldier

27、./戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士.名詞/代詞賓格 + 形容詞New methods |make |the job| easy./新方法使這項(xiàng)工作變得輕松. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 介詞短語(yǔ)I |often find| him |at work./我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 動(dòng)詞不定式The teacher| ask |the students |to close the windows./老師讓學(xué)生們關(guān)上窗戶. 名詞/代詞賓格 + 分詞I |saw |a cat |running across the road./我看見(jiàn)(kn jin)一只貓跑過(guò)了馬路.第27頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第二十七頁(yè),共53頁(yè)

28、。2021-12-1528 用 it 做形式賓語(yǔ),而將真正的賓語(yǔ)放到賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面,以使句子結(jié)構(gòu)(jigu)平衡,是英語(yǔ)常用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)(jigu)方式。即:主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it+賓補(bǔ)+真正賓語(yǔ)。如:I found it very pleasant to be with your family.I found to be with your family very pleasant.第28頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第二十八頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1529 鞏固練習(xí)(linx):1我們叫她Alice. 2我們大家都認(rèn)為他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。 3他們把小偷釋放了。 4我要你把真相告訴我。 5 .衛(wèi)兵命令我們立即離開(kāi)。

29、6. 每天早晨我們都聽(tīng)到他大聲朗讀英語(yǔ)。 7他每個(gè)月理一次發(fā)8我們不會(huì)讓她在晚上外出的。 We call her Alice. All of us considered him honest.They have set the thief free. I want you to tell me the truth. The guards ordered us to leave at once. Every morning we hear him read English aloud. He has his hair cut every month. We wont let her go out

30、 at night. 第29頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第二十九頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-15309那可怕的聲音把孩子們嚇壞了 10她正在聽(tīng)人家講故事。11我從來(lái)沒(méi)看見(jiàn)這個(gè)字這樣用過(guò)。 12他感到很難跟你交談。 13我認(rèn)為(rnwi)有可能用另一種方法解題。 14學(xué)校定了一條規(guī)則,開(kāi)始上課時(shí)學(xué)生要起立。 The terrible sound made the children frightened. She is listening to someone telling stories. I have never seen the word used that way before. He felt it

31、 very difficult to talk with you. I consider it possible to work out the problemin another way. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 第30頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第三十頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1531 英語(yǔ)基本(jbn)句型6 There be 句型 說(shuō)明: 此句型是由“there+be+主語(yǔ)+狀語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成,用以表達(dá)存在關(guān)系可以稱(chēng)“有”。 它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況,主語(yǔ)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be

32、之后,there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞,并無(wú)實(shí)際語(yǔ)意。 此句型有時(shí)不用be動(dòng)詞,而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如: There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.第31頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第三十一頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1532 Be 與其后的主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)量上一致(yzh),有時(shí)態(tài)和情態(tài)變化。如: 現(xiàn)在有 there is/are 過(guò)去有 there was/were 將來(lái)有

33、 there will be;there is /are going to be. 現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 過(guò)去曾經(jīng)有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 第32頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第三十二頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1533鞏固練習(xí):1這個(gè)村子過(guò)去只有一口井。 2客人當(dāng)中(dngzhng)有兩名美國(guó)人和兩名

34、法國(guó)人。 3天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)下午有大風(fēng)。 4燈亮著,辦公室里肯定有人。 5戰(zhàn)前這兒一直有家電影院的. There was only a well in the village. Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. The light is on. There must be someone in the office. There used to be a cinema here befor

35、e the war. 第33頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第三十三頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1534鞏固練習(xí):6恰好那時(shí)房里沒(méi)人。 7從前,在海邊的一個(gè)(y )村子里住著一位老漁夫。 8公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。 9就只剩下二十八美元了。 10鈴響了。 There happened to be nobody in the room. Once, there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. There comes the bus.There remained only twenty eight dollars. There goes the bell. 第3

36、4頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第三十四頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1535但常用的英語(yǔ)句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡(jiǎn)短,這些句子除了基本句型的成分不變外,通常是在這些成分的前面(qin mian)或后面增加一些修飾語(yǔ)(modifier)而加以擴(kuò)大。我們稱(chēng)之為: 定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)第35頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第三十五頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1536 一、 定語(yǔ):漢語(yǔ)中常用的表示。通常位于被修飾的成分前。若修飾some,any,every,no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)、從句(cn j)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),則定語(yǔ)通常置后。副詞用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)須放在名詞之后。 形容詞作定語(yǔ): Th

37、e little boy needs a blue pen.(little修飾名詞boy;blue修飾名詞pen.)/小男孩需要一支蘭色的鋼筆。 Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是個(gè)英俊的男孩。 數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞: Two boys need two pens./兩個(gè)男孩需要兩支鋼筆。 There are two boys in the room./房間里有兩個(gè)男孩。 代詞或名詞所有格作定語(yǔ): His boy needs Toms pen./他的男孩需要Tom的鋼筆。 His name is Tom./他的名字是湯姆。第36頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第三十六頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-

38、12-1537 介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ): The boy in blue is Tom./穿蘭色衣服的孩子是湯姆。 There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有兩個(gè)9歲的,三個(gè)10歲的男孩。 名詞作定語(yǔ): There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./這鉛筆盒里只有一支圓珠筆。 副詞(fc)作定語(yǔ): The boy there needs a pen./那兒的男孩需要一支鋼筆。 不定式作定語(yǔ): There is nothing to do today./今天無(wú)事要做。 分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ): The smiling b

39、oy needs a pen bought by his mother./那個(gè)微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買(mǎi)的鋼筆。 There are five boys left./有五個(gè)留下的男孩。 定語(yǔ)從句: The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那個(gè)在閱讀的男孩需要你昨天買(mǎi)的鋼筆。第37頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第三十七頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1538二、狀語(yǔ):狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句,說(shuō)明方式、因果、條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、目的(md)等。狀語(yǔ)在句子中的位置很靈活,常見(jiàn)情況為: 1)通常在句子基本結(jié)

40、構(gòu)之后,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首; 2)修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),通常位于被修飾的詞之前; 3)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的(md)的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首,地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)一般須在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)之前; 4)一些表示不確定時(shí)間(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后,動(dòng)詞之前。 第38頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第三十八頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1539有時(shí)狀語(yǔ)在句中的某個(gè)位置會(huì)引起歧義(qy),應(yīng)注意.如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成男孩喊教室里的女孩(此時(shí)in the classroom為girl的定語(yǔ));也可以

41、理解為男孩在教室里喊女孩(此時(shí)in the classroom為地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)),最好寫(xiě)做:In the classroom, the boy calls the girl.第39頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第三十九頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1540 副詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ): The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支鋼筆。(程度狀語(yǔ)) The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母親買(mǎi)的那支鋼筆。(賓語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)則狀語(yǔ)前置) The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的(zhn de)需

42、要一支鋼筆。(程度狀語(yǔ)) The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩現(xiàn)在需要一支鋼筆。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)) 第40頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第四十頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1541 介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ):In the classroom,the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男孩需要一支鋼筆。(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)) Before his mother,Tom is always a boy./在母親面前,湯姆總是一個(gè)男孩子.(條件狀語(yǔ)) On Sundays,there is no student in

43、 the classroom./星期天,教室里沒(méi)有學(xué)生.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)) 分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ): He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那兒要一支筆。(表示伴隨狀態(tài)) Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因?yàn)椴坏貌煌瓿勺鳂I(yè),男孩需要一支筆。(原因狀語(yǔ)) Frightened, he sits there soundlessly. (因?yàn)椋┦芰梭@嚇,他無(wú)聲地坐在那兒。(原因狀語(yǔ)) 不定式作目的狀語(yǔ): To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interest

44、ed in business./為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想,湯姆變得對(duì)商業(yè)(shngy)很有興趣. 名詞作狀語(yǔ): Come this way!/走這條路?。ǚ较驙钫Z(yǔ)) 第41頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第四十一頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1542 狀語(yǔ)從句: 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、目的狀語(yǔ)從句、比較(bjio)狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句 第42頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第四十二頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1543 句子成分練習(xí)題( 一 ) (一). 指出下列(xili)句中主語(yǔ)的中心詞(4分, 4分鐘) The teacher with two of his students is walk

45、ing into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult.第43頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第四十三頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1544 (二) 選出句中謂語(yǔ)(wiy)的中心詞(10分, 10分鐘) I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. p

46、icture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge fo

47、r their breakfast? A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast第44頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第四十四頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1545 Tom didnt do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didnt C. do D. his homework What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor He is int

48、erested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book第45頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第四十五頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1546 (三) 挑出(tio ch)下列句中的賓語(yǔ)(10分,10分鐘) My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good attention to your pronunciat

49、ion. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. They made him monitor of the class. Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. You will find it useful after you leave school. They didnt know who Father Christmas really is.第46頁(yè)/共52頁(yè)第四十六頁(yè),共53頁(yè)。2021-12-1547(四) 挑出(tio ch)下列句中的表語(yǔ)(5分, 5分鐘) The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves have turned yellow. Soon They

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