定語從句語法詳解

1、定語從句語法詳解，希望能夠幫助考生備考英語學科考試，贏得高分 一、定語句子中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫做定語。定語可以由形容詞，名詞，不定式，分詞，動名詞或從句來充當。eg: She is a beautiful girl形. （容詞 ）I met someone funny on my way to Beijing.形 （ 容詞 ）（修飾不定代詞的定語后置 ）He is an English teacher.名 （ 詞 ）（名詞作定語時一般用單數(shù)，例外的有 sports, 如 a sports star）I have a lot of work to do. （不定式 ）The book wri

2、tten by a schoolboy is very popular now過. （去分詞短語 ）We can see the rising sun現(xiàn). （在分詞 ） = the sun is rising.He is in the reading room. 動（ 名詞 ） = the room for readingThe boy who broke the window is Tom' s b）rother. （從句注意： 1.形容詞作定語一般放在所修飾的詞前面 ;但當形容詞修飾的是 something, anything, everything, nothing, someo

3、ne, everyone, everybody, somewh等er不e 定代詞時，要放在這些詞的 后面。 present （在場的 ）, absent 缺（ 席的 ）作定語時需要后置。 students present / absent2. 不定式做定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后。3 分詞作定語時，即可放在所修飾詞前，也可放在所修飾詞后1)分詞前置：單獨的一個分詞作定語，一般放在所修飾詞前。He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人2)分詞后置分詞在以下情況，放在所修飾詞的后面i. 分詞詞組 ; There was a girl sitting there. 有個女孩坐在那

4、里ii. 個別分詞如 given, left;This is the question given. 這是所給的問題iii. 修飾不定代詞 something等There is nothing interesting. 沒有有趣的東西 過去分詞作定語與其修飾的詞是被動關系，相當于一個被動語態(tài)的定語從句Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.= Most of the people who were invited to the party were from South Africa 二、定語從句 (Attr

5、ibutive Clauses)在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞 ,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關系詞 (關系代詞或關系副詞 )引出。關系代詞有： who, whom, whose, that, which等。關系副詞有： when, where, why等。I like the books that are written by Mr. Green.先行詞 關系詞A. 關系詞：關系詞通常有三個作用：引導定語從句，指代先行詞，在定語從句中充當句子成分。Anyone who breaks the law will surely be punished.1.

6、先行詞指人時，定語從句的引導詞：(1) 指人時， who 和 that 都可以使用 .(2) who和 whom 都可以作定語從句賓語，但從句中的介詞提前時，不能用who.He is the man who / whom I talked to you about.= He is the man about whom I talked to you.(3) 先行詞是人時，只用 who, 不用或少用 that 的情況：a. 當先行詞是 one, ones, anyone時，引導定語從句的關系詞一般只用 who, 不用 that 如果先行詞是 someone, 也可用 thatHe is not

7、one who is easily frightened.I think Joe is the one who borrowed my peo.The ones who tell lies won' t gain others ' trust.Anyone who saw the accident should phone the police.Someone who / that claims to be your uncle wants to see you.b. 先行詞是 those時，關系代詞一般用 who 不用 thatThose who don ' t wi

8、sh to go need not go.c. There be 句型中，修飾人的定語從句的關系代詞一般只用 who 來引導There is a certain old man in the village who none of us likes.d. 若一個句子中有兩個定語從句，第一個已經(jīng)用 that, 則第二個一般用 whoThe man that is talking with our teacher is the professor who gave us a report yesterday.e. 當定語從句與先行詞較遠時，引導定語從句的關系代詞一般只用 whoI came acr

9、oss my first teacher in the store yesterday who was still beautiful.f 非限定性定語從句只用 who 來引導 , 不用 thatHe has a son, who is a doctor.(4) 當先行詞是人，只用 that不用 who 的情況：that 不用 whoa. 以 who 開頭的特殊疑問句，定語從句的先行詞如果是人，關系代詞只用 Who is the girl that said hello to you just now?b. 當先行詞既有人也有物時，定語從句只用 that 來引導They ofter talk

10、about the person and things that they remember.c. 當關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時，只用 that 來引導He' s changed. He is notth e man that he was.d. 當先行詞被形容詞的最高級修飾時，只用 that.This is the most beautiful lady that I have ever met.e. 當先行詞是 other 時，定語從句只用 that 引導。You can ask the old man or any other that was there at the tim

11、e.page2. 先行詞是物時 that 和 which 一般可以互換使用，但有時不可換用。(1) 下列場合一般用 that:a. 先行詞是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, theone, none等不定代詞We should do all that is useful to the people.The little that I have seen of his work is satisfactory.b. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級以及 first, last, any, only, few,

12、much, no, some, very等詞修飾The first book that I bought in this bookstore is a dictionary.The last person that I talked with in London is my girlfriendThe best teacher that I have ever met has gone abroadYou can take any seat that is vacant.c. 先行詞有兩個：一個指人，另一個指物I miss all the people and places that we v

13、isited last summerd. 主句是以 who 或 which 開頭的特殊疑問句。e. There be 句型中， There is a seat in the corner that is free.f. 先行詞為數(shù)詞時Three buildings have been completed, but there are two that are still under construction.(2) 下列場合不能用 thata. 在非限定性定語從句中， 即逗號后的定語從句不用 that 引導，指人時用 who 或 whom, 指 物時用 which.b. 在“介詞 + 關系代詞

14、”結(jié)構(gòu)中不用 that, 指人時用 whom, 指物時用 which.This is the book about which we are talking.c. 先行詞為 that, those時，關系詞用 which 指物， who 指人What ' s that which you have got in your hand?d. 兩個定語從句，一個用了 that, 另一個則用 which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which wasnewly open to us.e. 關系代詞后有插入

15、語時，只用 whichHere are some stamps which I think you can take away.3. 當關系詞在從句中作賓語時，關系詞可以省略。4. 當先行詞指時間，地點，原因(the reason時) ，且關系詞在從句中作狀語， 用 when,where, why 如果關系詞在從句中作主語，表語或賓語，則用 that 或 which.I want to visit the place where my mother was born.= I want to visit the place in which my mother was born.I still

16、remember the years when I studied in the middle school.= I still remember the years in which I studied in the middle school.I don ' t know the reason why he didn' t agree with us.= I didn ' t know the reason for which he didn' t agree with us.5. 當先行詞是 the way, 并且關系詞在從句中作方式狀語時，可以用 tha

17、t, in which 引導，也 可省略。當先行詞是 time, time 當“次數(shù)”講時，用 that引導定語從句，且 that可以省略;當 time表 示“一段時間，時間”講時，定語從句用 when或 at / during which 引導I don ' t like the way (that / in which) he talked to his mother.I can hardly remember how many times (that) I' ve failed.I ' ll never forget the time when / at whic

18、h we visited your hometown.6. 當先行詞 family, class, team, army, compan等y 被當作單數(shù)時，定語從句中用 which,被當作 復數(shù)時，用 who 或 whom.The family, which is a large and rich one, was poor.The party, who are all children, have lost their way.7. 當先行詞是動物時，定語從句一般用 whichThe dog, which he had kept for five years, was killed by s

19、omeone yesterday.B. “介詞 + which / whom ”引導的定語從句 關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時，常常將介詞前置于作賓語的關系詞前， I love the music that I can dance to. = I love the music to which I can dance.The man who I talked to just now is my brother.= The man to whom I talked just now is my brother.介詞后面的關系詞指人時只用 whom, 不能用 who 或 that; 指物時只用

20、 which,不能用 that. 注意，并非所有情況下介詞都可以前移，含有介詞的短語動詞不可拆開，介詞仍需放在動 詞后面，如： look for, look after, take care of等?！敖樵~ + which / whom ”前還可以s用ome, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, 等few 代詞，名詞或數(shù)詞等。His sons, both of whom loved music very much, spent most of their money on CDs.The house, the roof of whi

21、ch is blue, will be used as a library.C. 非限定性定語從句 非限定性定語從句和主句的關系不密切，去掉定語從句，句子的意思仍然完整，形式上用 逗號把主句和從句分開，使用時注意以下幾點： l 非限定性定語從句不能用 that引導 l 非限定性定語從句中的關系詞不能省略。D. as引導的定語從句的用法1. as可引導限定性定語從句，用于 such as., so .as ., the same結(jié)構(gòu)中。.as He bought me such a watch as was advertised in the newspaper.注意：比較 the same as和 .t he same that .He bought me the same watch as I lost last wee他k.買了一塊和我上星期丟的一樣的表。 （一樣， 但不是同一個 ）He bought me the same watch that I lost last wee他k. 把我上星期丟的那塊表又買回來了。 （同一 個）2. 當非限