新概念英語第二冊筆記_第93課

1、Lesson 93A noble gift崇高的禮物【 Text 】One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France. The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete.

2、 The actual figure was madeof copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel. Before it could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to bebuilt. The site chosen was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour. By

3、 1884, a statue whichwas 151 feet tall had been erected in Paris. The following year, it was taken to pieces and sent toAmerica. By the end of October 1886, the statue had been put together again and it was officiallypresented to the American people by Bartholdi. Ever since then, the great monument

4、has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America.【課文翻譯】世界上最著名的紀念碑之一的自由女神雕像是在19 世紀時由法國人民贈送給美國的。這座由雕像家奧古斯特 .巴索爾地設計的巨大雕像是用10 年時間雕像刻成的。這座雕像的主體是用銅制成的，由艾菲爾特制的金屬框架支撐著。在雕像被運往美國之前，必須為它選好一塊場地，同時必須建造一個基座。場地選在了紐約港入口處的一個鳥上。到1884年，一座高度

5、達151 英尺的雕像在巴黎建立起來了。第二年，它被拆成若干小塊，運到美國。到1886年 10 月底，這座雕像被重新組裝起來，由巴索爾地正式贈送給美國人民。從那時起，這座偉大的紀念碑對通過紐約港進入美國定居的千百萬人來說就一直是自由的象征。New words and expressions生詞和短語nobleadj.高尚的，壯麗的monumentn.紀念碑statuen.雕像libertyn. 自由【生詞講解】presentv.贈送sculptorn. 雕刻家actualadj.實際的，真實的coppern. 銅supportv. 支持，支撐frameworkn.構架，框架transportv.

6、 運送siten.場地pedestaln.底座1. noble1 ） adj.高尚的，高貴的ignobleig ? n ?ub ?la. 卑鄙的a noble mind崇高的思想2 ） adj.貴族的、高貴的a man of noble birth出身高貴的人； a noble family名門望族3 ）壯麗的、莊嚴的、宏偉的a noble oak一顆極大的橡樹2. monument1 ） n.紀念碑a(chǎn) monument to soldiers killed in the war陣亡將士紀念碑.eg ： People erected a monument in his honor.人們?yōu)榱思o念

7、他，為他建立一個紀念碑。2 ） n.史跡、遺跡an ancient monument古代遺跡； a national monument自然紀念物3 ） n.不朽的成就、豐功偉業(yè)eg ： Shakespeare's plays remain as monuments to his genius.莎士比亞的戲劇是他天才的不朽著作。3. statuen.雕像a bronze statue銅像；a statue of Buddha佛像the Statue of Liberty自由女神像statuesque.st?tju'eskadj.雕像般的,均衡的,輪廓極美的a statuette小

8、雕像4. liberty1 ） n.自由、解放religious liberty宗教自由eg ： Give me liberty, or give me death.不自由,毋寧死!liberty to do sth許可 , 準許做某事eg ： You have liberty to use all the library facilities.你可以使用圖書館中的所有設施.eg ： You have/are at liberty to say what you like.你盡可以暢所欲言.2 ） n.自由、權力civil liberties民權、civil liberty的復數(shù)eg ： Yo

9、u have the liberty to vote.你有自由投票權3 ） 隨便、任意、不客氣take a libertybe guilty of a liberty無禮take the liberty of doing sthtake the liberty to do sth冒昧地做某事eg ： I take the liberty to us use your phone.我冒昧地用你的電話set sb at liberty釋放；set a hostage at liberty釋放一個人質5. presentprizent,1 ） v. 贈送、貢獻、呈遞present sth to sb

10、 present sb with sth將.贈送某人eg ： The principal presented a diploma to each of the graduates. The principal presented each of the graduates with a diploma .校長把畢業(yè)生的文憑一授予給畢業(yè)生。eg ： The prize was presented to the winner.獎被頒給獲勝者。 The winner was presented with the prize .2 ） v. 提出、交出、顯示eg ： I presented the l

11、etter of introduction to the receptionist.我將介紹信交給了接待員。present a calm face不露生色6. sculptorn.雕刻家sculpturen.雕刻術、雕刻品eg ： He studies sculpture.他學習雕刻術eg ： He made a beautiful sculpture.他雕刻了一個漂亮的作品。7. actualadj.實際的，真實的an actual happening真實的事件the actual conditions現(xiàn)實的情況eg ： The actual price was lower than I h

12、ad thought.實際價格低于我索推想的。in actual fact實際上actuality?kt? u'?litin.實在 , 現(xiàn)實 , 現(xiàn)狀in actuality實際上 ;事實上actuallyadv.1 ） 實際上、事實上eg ： Did you actually see the accident？你真的看到這起事故？eg ： He looked calm, but actually he was very nervous .他看起來平靜，但實際上很緊張。2 ） adv.真的、竟然eg ： That big-bodied Tom actually fainted at t

13、he scene .大塊頭湯姆竟然暈倒在現(xiàn)場。8. copper1） n.銅2） 銅幣penny便士 ； halfpenny半便士3）（口語）警察俚語中用 cop9. support1 ）v. 支持，支撐eg ： Thatbench won t support four people.這長板凳無法支撐四個人。eg ： Tom was supported by his friend on either side.湯姆兩側都有朋友扶持著。eg ： I don t support his opinion that the defense expenditure must be increased.我

14、不贊成他增加防御開支的觀點。2 ） v. 扶養(yǎng)、贍養(yǎng)eg ： He supports a large family.他養(yǎng)一個大家族。3 ） n.支撐、支持、支撐物eg ： The table has three supports.這個桌子只有三只腳。eg ： The bridge will fall down if we don t add more support .如果我們不添加更多的支撐物這座橋會跨下來。4 ） n.維持生技計、維持生計者eg ： Father is the chief support of my family.父親是我們家的維持生計者。a mean of support

15、維持生計的方法10. framework1 ） n.構架，框架2 ） n.構造、機構、組織the framework of society社會結構 frame1 ）n.骨架the frame of a ship船的骨架the frame of a car車的骨架eg ： The frame of the house was completed in a week.房子骨架在一個星期內(nèi)完成。2 ） n. （窗等的）框架、裝飾框eg ： The paintings in the museum have gold frames around them .在博物館里的畫周圍用金框裝飾。3 ） n. 體

16、格a person with a strong frame一個具有強壯體格的人。11. transport1 ） v. 運送、輸送eg ： The yellow bus transports passengers from the airport to the city.黃色的公共汽車運輸旅客從機場到城市。eg ： The goods were transported by plane.空運貨物。eg ： The goods were transported by ship.用船運貨物。be transported with為 心蕩神馳eg ： He was transported with

17、joy.他喜不自勝。2 ） transport n. 輸送、運送、交通工具 transportation the transportation of vegetables to distant parts of the country.（美） the transport of vegetables to distant parts of the country蔬菜運輸?shù)竭b遠的地方的地區(qū)eg ： Have you got transport to the party？去參加宴會你有交通工具？12. site1 ） n.場地eg ： The site for the new school has

18、been bought .working site工地（ 2 ）n.地點、現(xiàn)場the site of an old palace舊宮殿的地址cite引用、舉例；sight視野、視線13. pedestal 1) n. 底座2 ） n.桌子（兩側有抽屜）的支撐put a person on a pedestal崇拜某人 set a person on a pedestal【課文講解】1) Oneofthemostfamousmonumentsinthe world,the Statueof Liberty,waspresented to the United States of America

19、in the nineteenth century by the people ofFrance. was presented to被贈送presentn. ?prez ?ntn.禮物v.pri?zent,贈送accentn. ?ks?nt口音v. ?k?sent重讀conductn. ?k ?nd ?kt n. 行為；管理 ( 方式 )v. k? n'd ?kt 為人contestn. ?k?ntest競賽v.k?n ?test,競爭、爭辯contrastn. 'k?ntr?st對比v.k ?n'tr?st使對比exportn. 'eksp?:t出口v. ek

20、s'p?:timportn. ?imp?:tv. im?p ?:t,進口increasen. ?inkri:sv.in ?kri:s增加insultn. ?ins ?ltv.in ?s?lt侮辱producen. ?pr ?dju:s產(chǎn)量v.pr?dju:s生產(chǎn)protestn. ?pr ?utest抗議書v. pr? ?test抗議recordn. ?rek ?:d錄音v. ri?k ?:d( 將聲音等 ) 錄下transportn. ?tr?nsp?:t n. 運輸v. tr?ns'p?:t運輸 one of引導的短語（其后面名詞要用復數(shù)）與the Statue of同位語

21、eg: She is one of the best students in our class. the people通常指某個國家的人民，指復數(shù)的“人們 ”時通常不用the：eg: It was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi.它由巴索爾地正式贈送給美國人民。eg: He never pays attention to what people say.他從不在乎人們會說什么。eg: A lot of / Few people went to their wedding.許多沒幾個人參加（了）他們的婚禮。2.

22、The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete. taketo do花 去做eg ： It took us thirty minutes to walk from here to the station .就從這里步行到車站，我們花了三十分鐘。eg ： It took him a lot of money to buy a fur coat .他花了很多錢，買了一件裘皮大衣。eg ： It will take a lot of courage t

23、o tell the truth .說出真相這將需要很多的勇氣?；ㄙM的幾個詞語表達spend的主語必須是人，常用于以下結構：(1) spend timemoney on sth.在 上花費時間 ( 金錢 ) 。eg ： I spent two hours on this maths problem.這道數(shù)學題花了我兩個小時。(2) spend time money (in) doing sth.花費時間 ( 金錢 ) 做某事。eg ： They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。(3) spend money for

24、sth.花錢買 。eg ： His money was spent for books.他的錢用來買書了。cost的主語是物或某種活動，還可以表示 " 值 " ， 常見用法如下：(1)sth. costs (sb.)金錢 , 某物花了 ( 某人 ) 多少錢。eg ： A new computer costs a lot of money.買一臺新電腦要花一大筆錢。2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.)時間 ,某物 ( 做某事 ) 花了 ( 某人 ) 多少時間。eg ： Remembering these new words cost him a lot of

25、 time.他花了大量時間才記住了這些單詞。注意：cost的過去式及過去分詞都是cost,并且不能用于被動句。take后面常跟雙賓語，常見用法有以下幾種：通常用某事、某物做主語，或用形式主語it.1) It takes sb.時間to do sth.做某事花了某人多少時間。eg ： It took them three years to build this road.他們用了三年時間修完了這條路。2) doing sth. takes sb.時間 , 做某事花了某人多少時間。eg ： Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午

26、修車。pay的基本用法是：1) pay (sb.) money for sth.付錢 ( 給某人 ) 買。eg ： I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每個月要付20 英磅的房租。2) pay for sth.付 的錢。eg ： I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不賠丟失的書款。3) pay for sb.替某人付錢。eg ： Don t worry!I'll pay for you.別擔心，我會給你付錢的。4) pay sb.付錢給某人。eg: They pay us eve

27、ry month.他們每月給我們報酬。5) pay money back還錢。eg ： May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week.你能借給我12 塊錢嗎？下周還你。6) pay off one's money還清錢。3. The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel. made of指用某種材料制成，并且原材料的性質或形狀

28、沒變，從成品可以看出其原材料。eg: This chair is made of wood.這椅子是木制的。 made from表示用數(shù)種材料制成，或者是制造后改變了材料原來的性質或形狀：eg: Paper can be made from wood.用木材可以造紙。figure1) 數(shù)字eg: Write the figure 7 for me.給我寫個7 字2) 身材 ,體形 ,體態(tài)eg: She has an attractive figure.她有迷人的曲線。eg: I am dieting to keep my figure.我正在節(jié)食以保持身材3) 人影eg: I saw a fi

29、gure in the darkness.我看到暗處有一個人影。4) 圖表;圖解eg: Our textbook has many figures to help explain the lessons.我們的教科書有許多圖表幫助解釋課文。5) v.估計 +that,料到eg: How do you figure that?你如何料到的 ?eg:I figured (that) you wouldn't come.我料想你不會來.6) figure out了解，弄明白eg: I can't figure out why he quit his job.7) 計算eg: Plea

30、se help me to figure out my income tax.請幫我算一下我的所得稅。8)That doesn't figure!(美 , 口語 )那沒道理 !4. Before it could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found for it anda pedestal had to be built. The site chosen was an island at the entrance of New YorkHarbour. at the entrance of入口處entr

31、ance入口exit出口the site chosen=the site which was chosen這里用過去分詞做后置定語, 與定語從句的作用相同.Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?昨晚被邀請參加你的晚會的那些所謂的客人是誰呀?5. By 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall had been erected in Paris. erect1 ） v. 建造buildeg ： They re planning

32、 to erect a monument.他們正籌劃豎立一座紀念碑2 ）v.豎立、豎起erect a tent搭起帳篷；erect a flagpole豎旗桿3 ） adj.豎直的、直立的upright ?praiteg ： She was sitting erect.她正襟危坐。6. The following year, it was taken to pieces and sent to America.the following year the next year第二年taketo pieces把某物拆卸開eg: This machine is too large to be tra

33、nsported in whole. It has to be taken to pieces first.這臺機器太大了，無法整個地運送，得把它先拆開。come to pieces瓦解 ( 粉碎 , 成為畫餅 )in one piece完整無損的piece by piece一部分一部分地, 一件件地 , 逐漸地tear to pieces將 撕成碎片eg ： He tore the letter to pieces .他把信撕得粉碎。7.BytheendofOctober1886,thestatuehadbeenputtogetheragainanditwasofficially prese

34、nted to the American people by Bartholdi. by the end of后接過去時間，句子用過去完成時eg: By the end of last month, all the work had been done.到上個月末為止, 所有的工作都完成了.后接將來時間，句子用將來完成時eg: By the end of next year, they will have finished their program.到明年末 ,他們的項目將能完成. put together放在一起 ；組織在一起officially官方地 , 正式地 , 公務上 , 職務上e

35、g ： They attended the ceremony officially.他們正式出席了這個儀式。8. Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America. symbol1 ） n. 象征the symbol of peace和平的象征eg ： A Pimple is a symbol of youth.青春痘是

36、青春的象征。2 ） n.符號phonetic symbols音標eg ： is a symbol for female , and for male .是女性的象征，是男性的象征。millions of數(shù)以百萬計；thousands of成千上萬的hundreds of數(shù)以百計 , 許多、成千上百的 make ones home定居 settle downeg ： Mr .Green left England and made his home in China.伊恩已離開英國，并在中國安了家。home（ 1 ） n. 家a home away from home home from home

37、賓至如歸得地方（ 2 ） adj.像家一樣的home cooking家常菜；home life家庭生活； the home office總公司（ 3 ） adv.go home回家；stay home留在家里； drive home開車回家Ever since then用在現(xiàn)在完成時的句子中表示從那以后eg ：Ever since then, the forests have grown.從那以后，森林成長起來了。【關鍵詞組摘錄】1. be presented to2. be made of3. at the entrance of4. be taken to pieces5. by the

38、end of October6. ever since then7. a symbol of liberty8. millions of9. pass through10. make ones home(s)【 Key structures】一，語態(tài)概述Passive Voice Active Voice英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞形式的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。英語中有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。例如： Many people speak Chinese.謂語： speak的動作是由主語many people來執(zhí)行的。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。例如：

39、Chinese is spoken by many people.主語 English是動詞 speak的承受者。二、被動語態(tài)的構成被動語態(tài)由 " 助動詞be 及物動詞的過去分詞" 構成。人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化是通過be 的變化表現(xiàn)出來的。現(xiàn)以 speak為例說明被動語態(tài)在各種時態(tài)中的構成。一般現(xiàn)在時：am is are spoken一般過去時：was were spoken一般將來時：willshall be spoken現(xiàn)在進行時：am is are being spoken過去進行時：were was being spoken現(xiàn)在完成時：have has been sp

40、oken過去完成時：had been + spoken1. My heart is broken.2. My heart was broken.3. My heart has been broken.4. My heart had been broken.5. My heart is being broken.6. My heart was being broken.7. My heart will be broken.8. My heart will have been broken.被動語態(tài)沒有現(xiàn)在完成進行時，過去完成進行時，將來進行時，將來完成進行時三、被動語態(tài)的用法(1) 不知道或沒有

41、必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者是誰。例如： Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。 ( 不知道電腦是誰偷的 )This bridge was founded in 1981.這座橋竣工于1981年。(2) 強調(diào)動作的承受者，而不強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者。例如： The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是邁克打破的。This book was written by him.這本書是他寫的。Your homework must be finished on time.你們的家庭作業(yè)必須及時完成。（ 3 ）主角必須隱藏忽略時

42、: 有時候在說話時，為了掩飾或刻意忽略時。例如： The medicine has been tested around the world.這藥已在全球被測試過了四、主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法(1) 把主動語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語。(2) 把謂語變成被動結構 (be 過去分詞 ) ( 根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定 be 的形式 ) 。(3) 把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by 之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They mak

43、e the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.五、含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變成被動句時，由" 情態(tài)動詞 be 過去分詞 " 構成，原來帶to 的情態(tài)動詞變成被動語態(tài)后 "to" 仍要保留。We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.六、特殊情況1.He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.2.Mother never lets me watch TV