主謂一致復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案

1、中考英語第二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項訓(xùn)練-主謂一致復(fù)習(xí)主備人：公衍美審核：初四英語備課組【考點指導(dǎo)】：1考查以學(xué)科名詞以及時間、長度、價格等的短語作為主語時的主謂一致。2、考查以帶有with，together with，except等詞的短語作為主語時的主謂一致。3、 考查就近原則的運用，如在 There be, neithernor, either中0or【考點梳理】主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則： 語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近原則。一、語法一致原則：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語用 復(fù)數(shù)形式。1. 由and或bothand連接的兩個

2、或三個名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但 and所 連接的兩個主語是同一個人或事物（后面無冠詞）時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Both Lucy and Lilystude nts.The writer and teacheris comi ng.那位作家兼教師來了。（作家和教師指同一個人）The writer and the teacher comi ng. 作家和老師來了。（作家和老師是兩個人）The shoesmine.A pair of shoes o n the floor.7.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，不可數(shù)名詞，動詞不定式，動名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式。To see is to believe.眼

3、見為實Doi ng eye exercisesgoodyour eyes. 做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。自我檢測(1) Eati ng too muchbad for your health.(be)(2) The boy with the two dogssleep ing whe n the earthquake took place. (be)(3) Some onetaken away my umbrella by mistake. (have)(4) Therea nu mber of books on scie nee and the nu mber of themgrow i

4、ng larger andlarger. (be) (10 年.四川)(5) This pair of glasses lpretty on you.二. 意義一致原則：指主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。1. 表示時間，金錢，距離，價格，長度的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或詞組作主語時，通常被看作一個整體， 謂語一般用單數(shù)。Three daystoo long for us to wait.Four dollarseno ugh for a pen. (10 年.蕪湖)2.不定代詞 either, neither, everybody, everyone, everything, somebody,

5、someone, something,.集體名詞 family, class group, team等作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若anybody, anything, anyone, nobody, no one, nothing作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Somethi ng rongmy bike.我的自行車壞了。Every onefor the final exam.每個人都在為期末考試做準(zhǔn)備。3. every，each, every and, each dieach of.做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Every stude nt has an MP5.Each boy an

6、d each girlwas give n a book.4. 當(dāng)主語后面有 with，except ,together with besides, but, including, like （像）等介詞或介 詞短語時，謂語動詞與第一個主語一致。Mike with his fatherbeen to En gla nd.邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。Mike and his fatherbeen to En gla nd.邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。5. A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示 許多” 作主語時謂語動詞用 復(fù)數(shù)形式。The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“的數(shù)量”作主語時謂語

7、動詞用 單數(shù)形式The nu mber of the students50. And a nu mber of studentsstudy ing.6. 某些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞（clothes, shoes, trousers, glasses, gloves手套），shorts, pants 等作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是a/this/that pair of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時，謂語動詞用 單數(shù);pairs of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。指集體中的成員時，謂語動詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。His familyall very ki nd and frien dly. His familya

8、happy one.3. 集合名詞people；人們）,police（警察）等表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。有些名詞如news, means （方式），physics等以-s結(jié)尾，作主語時謂語動詞用 單數(shù)形式。The policealreadythe thief.警察抓住了那個賊。Therea lot of news n today ' s newspaper.4. 在分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+ of”結(jié)構(gòu)或Half of.結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動詞取決于 of后面的名詞，名詞 是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。of the stude ntsboys.三

9、分之二的學(xué)生是男生。the moneyfrom the gover nment. 半的錢來自政府。5. the+形容詞（poor, rich, old, you ng） ”表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.“ the姓氏的 復(fù)數(shù)形式”表示 姓的一家人”看成復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thevery happy, but thesad窮人很開心，但是富人很傷心。The Gree nsvery friendlyme.格林一家人對我很友好。自我檢測（1） Two mon thsquite a long time. （be）（2） Class Fourtaking their lessons now.

10、They are all listening to the teacher carefully.（3）Physicsone of my favorite subjects.（be）三. 就近原則：指謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。1. There be, Here be句型中，be動詞與最近的主語保持一致.Therea pen, two books and some flowers on the desk.Heresome photos of my family.2. 當(dāng)eitheror（或者或者），neitherno（既不 也不 ），not only buaisc） （不但而且）

11、，notbut.（不是而是）或or連接兩個并列主語時，謂語用就近原則。Iheto a foreig n coun try.（1年 重慶） 我和他都沒去過國外。 my pare ntsIlooki ng forward to my.不僅我父母而且我都期待我的成功。自我檢測（1）Theresome old people taking a walk in the park.（2） Neither you nor Tom eswimming.（3）Either Jim or Samgoing to help us this after noon.【技巧點撥】中考主謂一致方面的考題主要考知識的記憶情況。

12、考查主謂一致的常見題型 有單項選擇，完型填空，單詞拼寫，短文填空，翻譯句子等。做這類題時，必須找出句子 的真正主語，然后根據(jù)記憶的知識作出判斷。同時，要遵循三個原則：語法一致、意義一 致和就近原則。【鞏固練習(xí)】一、單詞拼寫1. He plays pieces of music, and each of them sbeautiful.2. Both of the twins are tired, but neither of them sto have a rest.3. How time flies! Ten years hpassed.4. Nobody but Jane kthe sec

13、ret.5. Both Lily and Lucy was ito the party yesterday.二、單項選擇1. The Gree nsChi na for five years.A. has been inB. has been to C. have been in D. have been to2. Paperfirst inven ted in Chi na. A. is B. are C. was D. were3. Liste n! Some birdsin the tree.A. is singingB. sings C. singing D. are singing4

14、. The oldtake n good care of in Chi na. A. areB. is C. was D. have5. The mother with her little sonat my homethat snowy ni ght.A. were; at B. was; at C. were; on D. was; on6. Two dayseno ugh for me to fin ish the work, I n eed a third day. （09 年四 川）A. is n ' t B. isC. aren't D. are7. Atte nt

15、i on, please. Therea football game betwee n Chi na and Korea this eve ning.09 淄博）A. is going to be B. has bee nC. has D. will have8. Not only his parents but also he watching sports programs.（10 年淄博）A. like B. likes C. don ' t like not like三、完成句子1. 學(xué)生和老師都沒看過這部電影。the studentsthe teachersee n the

16、film.2. 我的茶杯里沒有水 .water in my cup.3. 我們家正在一起度周末.Our familythe weekend together.4. 去年有許多樹被砍伐。.of the treescut dow n last year.四、短文填空Take a class at Dulangkou School, and you ' ll see lots of things d from other schools.You can see the desks are not in rows and stude nts sit in groups. They put th

17、eir desks together so they ' facing each o2. How can they see the blackboard? There a _3threeblackboards on the three walls of the classroom!The school calls the new way of learning“ Tuantuanzuo ” , meaning sittinglin_. WeiLiying, a Junior 3 teacher, said it was to give stude nts more cha nce to com muni cate.Each group h_5five or six stude nts, and they play differe nt roles （角色）.There is ateam leader who t care of the whde group. There is a“ study leader ” who makes surethat every