初中英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句講解

1、學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考 學(xué)習(xí)資料 賓語(yǔ)從句 一、定義 :賓語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句。根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞的不同，賓語(yǔ) 從句又可分為：以從屬連詞 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句、已從屬連詞 whether 或 if 引 導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句、以連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 1、that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 由 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句大多由陳述句充當(dāng)。從屬連詞 that 無(wú)實(shí)際意義，不在 從句中作任何成分， 此時(shí)從句的成分齊全， 句意明確，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中 that 可以省略。 I m extremely sorry that I have lost your book. We re al lpl

2、eased that we have once again overcome the difficulty. Do you think (that) it will rain? We know (that) we should study hard. 2、whether 或 if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 Whether/if 引導(dǎo)的從句可視為直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)而成，其 語(yǔ)序由原來(lái)的倒裝語(yǔ)序變成陳述語(yǔ)序，從句前加上連詞 whether 或 if 。 (1) 可用 whether/if 的情況 通常 whether/if 引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可通用。 I don t know wheth

3、er/if he ll arrive in time. I am wondering whether/if they would believe in me. I asked him whether/if he had finished all his homework. 只能用 whether,不能用 if 的情況 A、引導(dǎo)介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí) I m thinking of whether we should go shoppgi.n I m not interested in whether she ll be invited.學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考 B、 與 or not 直接連用時(shí)

4、 I can t say whether or not he will come on time. I don t know whether or not they will come to help us. I wonder whether or not we should make it clear that we ve lost this game. C、 賓語(yǔ)從句提前時(shí) Whether they will join in the Winter Camp I don t care. 3、 連接代詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句可由連接代詞 what,who,whom,whose,which 等

5、引導(dǎo)，它們?cè)谫e語(yǔ)從句 中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等，因此不能省略。 Do you know who will teach us En glish term?（乍主語(yǔ)） Did you hear what she said?（作賓語(yǔ)） I don t know whose the）tball is.（作表語(yǔ)） Could you tell me which book is better?作定語(yǔ)） 4、 連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句可由連接副詞 when,where, how,why 及“how形容詞/副詞”短語(yǔ)等引 導(dǎo)，它們?cè)谫e語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)等，不可省略。 We didn t know w

6、hen you usually go to school. I want to know where he bought this cup. Can you tell me how I get to the bus station? Please explain why you were late for class again. “ How形容詞 /畐寸詞”短語(yǔ)主要有 how old,how many, how much,how Iong,how ofte n,how far,how soon 等。 Do you know how old your father is this year?

7、、重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序 學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考 學(xué)習(xí)資料 學(xué)習(xí)資料學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考 無(wú)論賓語(yǔ)從句是從屬連詞還是連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)， 引導(dǎo)詞總是位于從句 句首，從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。 I am wondering if you could help me. He asked me when we should start out the next day. Did you find out where she lost her car? 2、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài) 賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)常常受到主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的影響，因而在使用時(shí)要注意 主從句兩部分的時(shí)態(tài)，一般遵循以下原則： （ 1

8、）主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí) 主句如果是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)， 從句可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)， 不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的 限制和影響。 I know you don t know what i think at all. I know he didn t tell you that he would come then. I ll let you know whether I ll come or not directly I check my plan. （2）主句為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí) 主句如果是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句一般要用與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)。 I only knew he was studying in a wester

9、n country,but I didn ktnow which country he was in. He asked me if I was reading the novel The Old Man and the Sea when he came in. He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. 特別提示 :從句若表示客觀事實(shí)或真理

10、，謂語(yǔ)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 My mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 3、賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移 主 句 謂 語(yǔ) 是 表 示 “想 ， 認(rèn) 為 ”等 意 義 的 動(dòng) 詞 ， 如學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考 thin k,believe,imag in e,suppose,expect,gues 等，從句的否定一般要轉(zhuǎn)移至 U 主句中。 其反意疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致，且用肯定形式。 I don t think they o ltlhwealiat stt minute. I didn t believe that was hi

11、s fault,was it? 三、賓語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng) 不能省略 that 的情況 在 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中， 連詞 that 只起引導(dǎo)作用， 不在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)任何成分。 因此在口語(yǔ)或非正式問(wèn)題中?？墒÷?，但在下列情況不能省略： 1、 當(dāng) that 作 learn,suggest,explain,agree,prove,fee 等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí) I have learned that most of the students who are interested in Chinese take interest in English. 2、 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí) We all think that

12、 what the public is badly in need of is nothing but the development of economy. 3、 當(dāng)主句的狀語(yǔ)置于動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)從句之間時(shí) I realized at once that I had done it wrong when she told me all about this. 4、 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中的狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句置于該從句句首時(shí)。 He told us that,if we could all come to help out,the whole situation would be getting better.

13、5、 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí) When Marx got to England,he found,however ,that his English was so limited that he couldn t go on with his common iarsff.a 6、 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶有多個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，除第一個(gè) that 外，其他不可省 Then the teacher began to talk to us about the French language,saying (that) it was the most beautiful tongue in the world

14、,and that we must keep it among us and never forget it. 7、 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)是 this， that 或被 this， that 修飾時(shí) Some people think that this part of Scotland with its lakes and mountains is more 學(xué)習(xí)資料 beautiful than the West of England. The teacher said that that word was wrong. 8、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或從句時(shí) 學(xué)習(xí)資料收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供參考

15、 However,many people simply couldn t believe that what he had written was true. 9、當(dāng)主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí) Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fall faster that light objects. 10、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句被形式賓語(yǔ) it 代替時(shí) W all consider it important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow. 11、

16、12、expect 后接的賓語(yǔ)從句不能省去 that His article is very good expect that there are only a few unfit sentences. 13、在直接引語(yǔ)中，引述部分把主句與賓語(yǔ)從句分開時(shí) “ I m extremely sorry to tell you , ” the man said, ”that you missed the last train on ” again. ” 四、課堂小練 1、 2、_what did he ask just now? _He wondered _ . A.if they would meet at the school gate B.when would t