組織學(xué)與胚胎學(xué)：頭、頸、消化、呼吸系統(tǒng)的發(fā)生

1、（frontonasal prominence）he formation of branchial apparatusbranchial archbranchial groovepharyngeal pouchbranchial membranecervical sinusthe formation of facestomodeumfrontonasal prominencemaxillary prominencemandibular prominencenasal placodenasal pitmedian nasal prominencelateral nasal prominencet

2、he formation of facethe formation of facethe formation of face（the formation of palate）median palatine processlateral palatine processhard palatesoft palateoronasal membranedifferentiation of pharyngeal pouchestympanic membranethe differentiation of pharyngeal pouchthe differentiation of pharyngeal

3、pouchultimobranchial bodythe differentiation of pharyngeal pouch（the development of thyroid）thyroglossal ductforamen coecumcleft lipcleft palateoblique facial cleftcervical cyst, branchial cystcervical fistula, branchial fistulaprimitive gutoropharyngeal membranecloacal membraneforegutmidgutvitellin

4、e stalkhindgutmidgut loopUumbilical coelomphysiological umbilical herniacaecal budcloacaurorectal septumurogenital sinusurogenital membraneanal membrane(proctodeum)hepatic diverticulum-fetal protein, AFPventral pancreatic budventral pancreasdorsal pancreatic buddorsal pancreasesophageal stenosis or

5、atresiaintestinal stenosis or atresiabiliary atresiacongenital malformationshort esophaguscongenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis4.MeckelMeckels diverticulum, ileal diverticulumcmcongenital umbilical herniaumbilical fistulacongenital aganglionic megacolonHirschsprung diseaseanal atresia or imperforate anusanal stenosisrectal atresiaectopic cecum and appendixmobile cecummalrotation of midgut loopsitus inversus viscerumanular pancreaslaryngotracheal groovelaryngotracheal diverticulumlung budtracheoesophageal septumtracheoesop