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1、Main points to be understood about this chapterChapter 1 Trade Terms 1、Definition of Trade Terms & Relative customs 2、Trade Terms in wide use(Key Point)3、 Rest of the Trade terms4、 Application of the Trade TermsExample:國內(nèi)報(bào)價(jià):每噸國內(nèi)報(bào)價(jià):每噸1000元元 國際報(bào)價(jià)國際報(bào)價(jià): PER METRIC TON USD1000 FOB GUANGZHOUTHE SECTIO
2、N ONE THE SECTION ONE 1 1、THE DEFINITION OF TRADE TERMSTHE DEFINITION OF TRADE TERMSThe trade terms refer to using a brief English The trade terms refer to using a brief English concept or abbreviation (concept or abbreviation (縮寫縮寫)of English letters )of English letters to indicate the formation of
3、 the unit price and to indicate the formation of the unit price and determine the responsibilities, expenses and risks determine the responsibilities, expenses and risks borne(borne(承擔(dān)承擔(dān)) by two parties as well as the time of ) by two parties as well as the time of the passing of the property in the
4、 goods.the passing of the property in the goods.含義含義:在長期的國際貿(mào)易實(shí)踐中產(chǎn)生的,以在長期的國際貿(mào)易實(shí)踐中產(chǎn)生的,以三個英文字母組合來表示買賣雙方在交接貨物三個英文字母組合來表示買賣雙方在交接貨物過程中各自承擔(dān)的過程中各自承擔(dān)的責(zé)任、費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)責(zé)任、費(fèi)用和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的專門用的專門用語。語。例如:例如: FOB FAS CFR CIF DAT DAP 1、indicate/explain the composition/formation of the unit price2、determine the (1)responsibilities/ri
5、ghts and obligations, (2)expenses (3)risks borne by two parties as well as the time of the passing of the property in the goods(貨權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移貨權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)移).The nature of trade terms 貿(mào)易術(shù)語的性質(zhì)貿(mào)易術(shù)語的性質(zhì)1、表示成交價(jià)格的構(gòu)成因、表示成交價(jià)格的構(gòu)成因素素2、表示交貨條件、表示交貨條件THE SECTION two THE SECTION two THE MOST INFLUENTIAL TRADE CONVENTIONS有關(guān)貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋的國際貿(mào)
6、易慣例 ConventionconstitutorTimeTrade TermsRevised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1990American commercial groups1919Ex Point of OriginFOB, FAS, C&F, CIF, Ex DockWarsaw-Oxford Rules 1932International Law Association1928CIFIncoterms 2010International Chamber of Commerce1936E,F,C,D groups有關(guān)貿(mào)易術(shù)語貿(mào)易慣
7、例的種類11種1936-2010國際商會2010年國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則 6種1919-1990美國商業(yè)團(tuán)體 1990年美國對外貿(mào)易定義修訂本 CIF1928-1932國際法協(xié)會1932年華沙一牛津規(guī)則 包含的貿(mào)易術(shù)語制定時間制定的組織慣例名稱Ex(Point Of Origin) FOB(Free on Board) FAS(Free Along Side) C&F(Cost and Freight) CIF(Cost,Insurance and Freight) DEQ (Delivered ex quay) 注:目前最新的通則為:注:目前最新的通則為:2010年年國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通
8、則,包括,包括11種貿(mào)易術(shù)語種貿(mào)易術(shù)語Questions:1.How many customs and practices which are related to Price Terms? What are they?2.Which organizations constitute the customs and practices ? In which year? What are they concerned about respectively?3.Structure of INCOTERMS 2010The first group:Suitable for all kinds of
9、transport modes 適合于各種運(yùn)輸方式的術(shù)語適合于各種運(yùn)輸方式的術(shù)語 EXW,FCA,CPT,CIP,DAT,DAP,DDPThe second:Suitable for water transportation 適合于水上運(yùn)輸?shù)馁Q(mào)易術(shù)語適合于水上運(yùn)輸?shù)馁Q(mào)易術(shù)語 FAS,FOB,CFR,CIFThe first group:Suitable for all kinds of transport modes INCOTERMS 2010 英文名稱:英文名稱: Ex Works (named place) 中文名稱:中文名稱: 工廠交貨工廠交貨(指定地點(diǎn)指定地點(diǎn)) 交貨地點(diǎn):交貨地點(diǎn):
10、 賣方工廠或倉庫賣方工廠或倉庫風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分的界限風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分的界限:貨交買方處置時起貨交買方處置時起主要的運(yùn)輸、保險(xiǎn)及進(jìn)出口報(bào)關(guān)責(zé)任:主要的運(yùn)輸、保險(xiǎn)及進(jìn)出口報(bào)關(guān)責(zé)任: 買方買方適合的運(yùn)輸方式:適合的運(yùn)輸方式: 任何任何EXW(綜述) 賣方在指定的地點(diǎn)將貨物交給買方處置時,即完成交貨,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)從此轉(zhuǎn)移給買方 賣方需提交單據(jù) 賣方不辦理出口清關(guān)手續(xù) 不負(fù)責(zé)將貨物裝上任何運(yùn)輸工具 賣方責(zé)任最小的術(shù)語該術(shù)語雖不是最常用的該術(shù)語雖不是最常用的, ,但由于其價(jià)格最低但由于其價(jià)格最低, ,對買方有一定吸引對買方有一定吸引力力, ,一般是現(xiàn)場付款,按它達(dá)成的交易一般是現(xiàn)場付款,按它達(dá)成的交易, ,在性質(zhì)上類似于國內(nèi)貿(mào)易
11、。在性質(zhì)上類似于國內(nèi)貿(mào)易。注意注意: (1)買方要考慮出口手續(xù)的辦理問題。)買方要考慮出口手續(xù)的辦理問題。(2)安排好貨物的交接工作(賣方通知買方交接貨物的時間、地點(diǎn))安排好貨物的交接工作(賣方通知買方交接貨物的時間、地點(diǎn)) (3)明確貨物的包裝、包裝費(fèi)的負(fù)擔(dān)及貨物的裝運(yùn))明確貨物的包裝、包裝費(fèi)的負(fù)擔(dān)及貨物的裝運(yùn)一般情況下,賣方不承擔(dān)將貨物裝上運(yùn)輸工具上的責(zé)任及費(fèi)用。一般情況下,賣方不承擔(dān)將貨物裝上運(yùn)輸工具上的責(zé)任及費(fèi)用。二、FCA(named place of delivery)1.The sellers obligations1)The sellers responsibilitiesA.
12、 Provision(提供提供) of the goods in conformity with the contractB. All customs formalities for the export of goodsC. Deliver the goods to the carrier at the named place on the date or within the agreed periodD. Give the sufficient notice to the buyerE. Provision of the transport documents or equivalent
13、 electronic messageFCA(named place)1、賣方義務(wù)、賣方義務(wù)1)賣方的責(zé)任)賣方的責(zé)任A、提供符合合同規(guī)定的貨物、提供符合合同規(guī)定的貨物B、辦理出口手續(xù)、辦理出口手續(xù)C、按照規(guī)定的時間和地點(diǎn),將貨物交與、按照規(guī)定的時間和地點(diǎn),將貨物交與 買方指定的承運(yùn)人買方指定的承運(yùn)人D、迅速通知買方、迅速通知買方E、移交有關(guān)的貨運(yùn)單據(jù)或電子數(shù)據(jù)、移交有關(guān)的貨運(yùn)單據(jù)或電子數(shù)據(jù)2.The sellers costs 賣方的費(fèi)用賣方的費(fèi)用All costs relating to the goods until such time as they have been deliver
14、ed to the carrier貨交承運(yùn)人以前的一切費(fèi)用貨交承運(yùn)人以前的一切費(fèi)用3.The sellers risks 賣方的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)賣方的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)All risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have been delivered to the carrier貨交承運(yùn)人以前的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)貨交承運(yùn)人以前的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)三、CPT(named place of destination)CPT=FCA+C(國外運(yùn)費(fèi)國外運(yùn)費(fèi))四、四、CIP(named place of destination)CIP=CPT+I(國外保險(xiǎn)費(fèi))
15、(國外保險(xiǎn)費(fèi))五、五、DAT( Delivered at terminal運(yùn)輸終端交貨運(yùn)輸終端交貨)“Delivered at Terminal” means that the seller delivers when the goods, once unloaded from the arriving means of transport, are placed at the disposal of the buyer at a named terminal at the named port or place of destination. “Terminal” includes any
16、place, whether covered or not, such as a quay, warehouse, container yard or road, rail or air cargo terminal. 賣方在便于買方處置的終點(diǎn)港或終點(diǎn)地將貨物從運(yùn)輸工具中卸下,完成交貨。 “終端”指任何地方,包括但不限于:碼頭、倉庫、集裝箱堆場、公路、鐵路或者空港。注意事項(xiàng) 正確理解運(yùn)輸終端的含義,任何地點(diǎn) 注意賣方責(zé)任的限度 將貨物運(yùn)到合同規(guī)定的運(yùn)輸終端六、DAP(Delivered at place,目的地交貨) “Delivered at Place” means that the se
17、ller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the arriving means of transport ready for unloading at the named place of destination. The seller bears all risks involved in bringing the goods to the named place. 賣方要在合同約定的日期或期限內(nèi),將貨物運(yùn)到合同規(guī)定的目的地的約定地點(diǎn),并將貨物置于買方的控制之下,在卸貨之前即完成交貨。七、七
18、、DDP(Delivered duty paid完稅后交貨)完稅后交貨)1、買賣雙方的義務(wù)、買賣雙方的義務(wù)DDP貨物的進(jìn)口手續(xù)由出口商辦理貨物的進(jìn)口手續(xù)由出口商辦理 即進(jìn)口商只要在進(jìn)口國內(nèi)指定的交貨地點(diǎn)受領(lǐng)貨物即進(jìn)口商只要在進(jìn)口國內(nèi)指定的交貨地點(diǎn)受領(lǐng)貨物即可。一切進(jìn)出口手續(xù)和費(fèi)用(包括進(jìn)出口的海關(guān)手即可。一切進(jìn)出口手續(xù)和費(fèi)用(包括進(jìn)出口的海關(guān)手續(xù)及費(fèi)用)均由出口商負(fù)責(zé)。對進(jìn)口商而言,類似在續(xù)及費(fèi)用)均由出口商負(fù)責(zé)。對進(jìn)口商而言,類似在本國購買貨物。本國購買貨物。2、使用、使用DDP術(shù)語應(yīng)注意的問題術(shù)語應(yīng)注意的問題(1)進(jìn)口清關(guān))進(jìn)口清關(guān)(2)運(yùn)輸方式)運(yùn)輸方式(3)妥善辦理投保事項(xiàng))妥善辦理投
19、保事項(xiàng)The second group:Suitable for water transport modes INCOTERMS 2010This rule is to be used only for sea or inland waterway transport. “Free Alongside Ship” means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed alongside the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment. The risk o
20、f loss of or damage to the goods passes when the goods are alongside the ship, and the buyer bears all costs from that moment onwards. 一、一、FAS(Free alongside ship,船邊交貨)船邊交貨)使用使用FAS術(shù)語應(yīng)注意的問題術(shù)語應(yīng)注意的問題(1)船邊交貨和船貨銜接問題。買賣雙方負(fù)擔(dān)的)船邊交貨和船貨銜接問題。買賣雙方負(fù)擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用均以船邊為界劃分。如果買方所派的船風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用均以船邊為界劃分。如果買方所派的船只不能靠岸,賣方要負(fù)責(zé)用駁船把貨物運(yùn)
21、至船邊,只不能靠岸,賣方要負(fù)責(zé)用駁船把貨物運(yùn)至船邊,仍在船邊交貨,而買方承擔(dān)裝船的責(zé)任和費(fèi)用。仍在船邊交貨,而買方承擔(dān)裝船的責(zé)任和費(fèi)用。(2)賣方負(fù)責(zé)出口清關(guān))賣方負(fù)責(zé)出口清關(guān)(3)對)對FAS術(shù)語的不同解釋。術(shù)語的不同解釋。2010通則通則,F(xiàn)AS只適用于海運(yùn)和內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸。而只適用于海運(yùn)和內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸。而1990年美國年美國對外貿(mào)易定義修訂本對外貿(mào)易定義修訂本中中FAS適用任何運(yùn)輸方式。適用任何運(yùn)輸方式。因此同北美國家的交易中如使用因此同北美國家的交易中如使用FAS,應(yīng)加上,應(yīng)加上“Vessel”字樣。字樣。二、二、FOB(named port of shipment)1.The Sellers
22、obligations1)The sellers responsibilitiesA)Provide goods in conformity with the contractB)Carry out all customs formalities for the export of goodsC)deliver the goods by placing them on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the loading point within the agreed periodD)Give the buyer sufficient n
23、otice that the goods have been loaded onto the vessel within the time agreedE)Provide the shipment documents or equivalent electronic message(一)(一)FOB(named port of shipment)1、賣方的義務(wù)、賣方的義務(wù)1)賣方的責(zé)任)賣方的責(zé)任A、提供符合合同規(guī)定的貨物、提供符合合同規(guī)定的貨物B、辦理出口手續(xù)、辦理出口手續(xù)C、按照合同規(guī)定的時間和地點(diǎn),將貨物裝到、按照合同規(guī)定的時間和地點(diǎn),將貨物裝到買買方派來的船上方派來的船上D、迅速發(fā)出裝
24、船通知、迅速發(fā)出裝船通知E、移交有關(guān)的貨運(yùn)單據(jù)或電子數(shù)據(jù)、移交有關(guān)的貨運(yùn)單據(jù)或電子數(shù)據(jù)(一)(一)FOB(named port of shipment)1、賣方的義務(wù)、賣方的義務(wù)2)The sellers costs 賣方的費(fèi)用All costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered on board the vessel at the named port of shipment貨物在指定貨物在指定裝運(yùn)港裝船前的一切費(fèi)用裝運(yùn)港裝船前的一切費(fèi)用3)The sellers risks 賣方的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)賣方的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)All risks of
25、 loss of or damage to the goods until they have been delivered onto the vessel at the nominated port of shipment在裝運(yùn)港將貨物在裝運(yùn)港將貨物裝運(yùn)上船裝運(yùn)上船(實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)中以取(實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)中以取得得清潔提單清潔提單為界)為界)2. the buyers obligations 買方的義務(wù) 1)the buyers responsibilities 買方的責(zé)任買方的責(zé)任 A. Contract at his own expense for the carriage of the goods
26、from the named port of shipment租船訂艙,并及時通知賣方租船訂艙,并及時通知賣方B. Effect insurance 辦理保險(xiǎn)辦理保險(xiǎn)C. Pay the price of the goods as provided in the contract of sale 接受貨運(yùn)單據(jù),支付貨款接受貨運(yùn)單據(jù),支付貨款D. Carry out all customs formalities for the import of the goods 辦理進(jìn)口手續(xù),收取貨物辦理進(jìn)口手續(xù),收取貨物2)The buyers costs 買方的費(fèi)用All costs relating
27、 to the goods from the time they have been delivered onto the vessel at the named port of shipment 貨物在裝運(yùn)港裝船以后的一切費(fèi)用貨物在裝運(yùn)港裝船以后的一切費(fèi)用3)The buyers risks 買方的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)買方的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)All risks of loss of or damage to the goods from the time they have been delivered onto the vessel at the named port of shipment在裝運(yùn)港將貨物裝運(yùn)上船后的風(fēng)
28、險(xiǎn)在裝運(yùn)港將貨物裝運(yùn)上船后的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(3)Points for attention in Using FOB term1)Loading charges (for voyage charter)裝船費(fèi)用問題(大宗貨物程租船運(yùn)輸)裝船費(fèi)用問題(大宗貨物程租船運(yùn)輸) Stipulate in the contractLoading Charges to be Covered by the Seller (Buyer) FOB Under Tackle廣州廣州FOB Liner Terms廣州廣州FOBS廣州廣州FOBT廣州廣州FOBST廣州廣州B. Variants of FOB termFOB FO
29、B (NAMED PORT OF SHIPMENTNAMED PORT OF SHIPMENT(裝運(yùn)港)船上交貨(裝運(yùn)港)船上交貨賣方賣方風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在貨物裝上船后轉(zhuǎn)移風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在貨物裝上船后轉(zhuǎn)移賣方辦出口手續(xù)賣方辦出口手續(xù)海運(yùn)海運(yùn)買方負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)輸、買方負(fù)責(zé)運(yùn)輸、運(yùn)費(fèi)、進(jìn)口手續(xù)運(yùn)費(fèi)、進(jìn)口手續(xù)目的目的港港2)Notices between the seller and the buyer 船貨的銜接問題船貨的銜接問題備貨通知備貨通知派船通知派船通知裝船通知裝船通知3)Unique FOB interpretation of some specific countriesConvention 慣慣 例例FOB裝運(yùn)港
30、船上交裝運(yùn)港船上交貨貨Risk transfer風(fēng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分險(xiǎn)劃分Customs formalities出口手續(xù)出口手續(xù)Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 19901990年美國對外貿(mào)易年美國對外貿(mào)易定義修正本定義修正本FOB Vessel(第五種)(第五種)the vessel船上船上The buyers responsibility ,if requested by the buyer, the seller carry out at the buyers expense原則上買方負(fù)責(zé),或賣原則上買方負(fù)責(zé),或賣方辦理,買方支付費(fèi)用方辦理,買方
31、支付費(fèi)用INCOTERMS 2010 FOBOnto the vessel裝運(yùn)港裝船裝運(yùn)港裝船The sellers responsibility賣方賣方 On FOB term basis, Seller A prepared the goods at the stipulated time, meanwhile , Buyer B informed A of the name of vessel and the date of shipment ,when the goods is lifted to the ship, it fell down on the deck(甲板) ,so n
32、ow who shall take responsibility? Seller or Buyer? CASE我某進(jìn)出口公司向新加坡某貿(mào)易有限公司我某進(jìn)出口公司向新加坡某貿(mào)易有限公司出口香料出口香料15公噸,對外報(bào)價(jià)為每公噸公噸,對外報(bào)價(jià)為每公噸2500美元美元FOB湛江,裝運(yùn)期為湛江,裝運(yùn)期為10月份,月份,集裝箱裝運(yùn)。我方集裝箱裝運(yùn)。我方10月月16日收到買方的日收到買方的裝運(yùn)通知,為及時裝船,公司業(yè)務(wù)員于裝運(yùn)通知,為及時裝船,公司業(yè)務(wù)員于10月月17日將貨物存于湛江碼頭倉庫,不日將貨物存于湛江碼頭倉庫,不料貨物因當(dāng)夜倉庫發(fā)生火災(zāi)而全部滅失,料貨物因當(dāng)夜倉庫發(fā)生火災(zāi)而全部滅失,以致貨物損失
33、由我方承擔(dān)。問,在該筆以致貨物損失由我方承擔(dān)。問,在該筆業(yè)務(wù)中,我方若采用業(yè)務(wù)中,我方若采用FCA術(shù)語成交,是術(shù)語成交,是否需要承擔(dān)案中的損失?為什么?否需要承擔(dān)案中的損失?為什么?三、三、CFR (named port of destination)1.The Sellers obligations1)The sellers responsibilitiesA)Provide goods in conformity with the contractB)Carry out all customs formalities for the export of goodsC)deliver the
34、 goods by placing them on board the vessel at the loading point within the agreed periodD)Give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods have been loaded onto the vessel within the time agreedE)Provide the shipment documents or equivalent electronic message(二)(二)CFR(named port of destination)1、賣方的義
35、務(wù)、賣方的義務(wù)1)賣方的責(zé)任)賣方的責(zé)任A、提供符合合同規(guī)定的貨物、提供符合合同規(guī)定的貨物B、辦理出口手續(xù)、辦理出口手續(xù)C、按合同規(guī)定時間、地點(diǎn)將貨物裝船、按合同規(guī)定時間、地點(diǎn)將貨物裝船D、迅速發(fā)出裝船通知、迅速發(fā)出裝船通知E、移交有關(guān)貨運(yùn)單據(jù)或數(shù)字信息、移交有關(guān)貨運(yùn)單據(jù)或數(shù)字信息2) The sellers costs 賣方的費(fèi)用賣方的費(fèi)用All costs relating to the goods until they have been delivered on board the vessel at the named port of shipment +Loading charge
36、s+ Carriage3)The sellers risks 賣方的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)賣方的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)The same as FOB 與與FOB術(shù)語一樣術(shù)語一樣裝船前的一切費(fèi)用、裝船費(fèi)用、貨物從裝運(yùn)港至目的港的正常運(yùn)費(fèi)裝船前的一切費(fèi)用、裝船費(fèi)用、貨物從裝運(yùn)港至目的港的正常運(yùn)費(fèi)2.Problems should be noted when adopt CFR采用采用CFR術(shù)語時應(yīng)注意的問題術(shù)語時應(yīng)注意的問題Unloading charges 卸貨費(fèi)用的負(fù)擔(dān)問題卸貨費(fèi)用的負(fù)擔(dān)問題1)stipulate in the contract 合同中明確規(guī)定合同中明確規(guī)定Unloading Charges to be cove
37、red by the Buyer.(for voyage charter) (大宗貨物程租船運(yùn)輸)(大宗貨物程租船運(yùn)輸)2)Variants of CFR CFR的變形CFR Ex Tackle New YorkCFR Landed New YorkCFR Ex Ships Hold New YorkCFR Liner Terms New YorkCase Study 某市一進(jìn)出口公司按某市一進(jìn)出口公司按CFR貿(mào)易術(shù)語與法國馬賽一進(jìn)貿(mào)易術(shù)語與法國馬賽一進(jìn)口商簽訂一批抽紗臺布出口合同,價(jià)值口商簽訂一批抽紗臺布出口合同,價(jià)值8萬美元。貨物于萬美元。貨物于1月月8日上午裝日上午裝“昌盛輪昌盛輪”完畢
38、,當(dāng)天因經(jīng)辦該項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)的完畢,當(dāng)天因經(jīng)辦該項(xiàng)業(yè)務(wù)的外銷員工作繁忙,待到外銷員工作繁忙,待到9日上班時才想起給買方發(fā)裝船通日上班時才想起給買方發(fā)裝船通知。法商收到我裝船通知向當(dāng)?shù)乇kU(xiǎn)公司申請投保時,知。法商收到我裝船通知向當(dāng)?shù)乇kU(xiǎn)公司申請投保時,該保險(xiǎn)公司已獲悉該保險(xiǎn)公司已獲悉“昌盛輪昌盛輪”已于已于9日凌晨在海上遇難而日凌晨在海上遇難而拒絕承擔(dān)。于是法商立即來電表示該批貨物損失應(yīng)由我拒絕承擔(dān)。于是法商立即來電表示該批貨物損失應(yīng)由我進(jìn)出口公司承擔(dān)并同時索賠進(jìn)出口公司承擔(dān)并同時索賠8000美元,且拒不贖單。請美元,且拒不贖單。請問法商的要求合理嗎?為什么?問法商的要求合理嗎?為什么? 1.Trans
39、fer of risksThe same as under FOB,CFR2.Unloading charges3. Symbolic deliveryThe same as under CFR四、四、 CIF(named port of destination)Case Study 我國山東某出口公司按我國山東某出口公司按CIF條件與韓國某進(jìn)口公條件與韓國某進(jìn)口公司簽訂了一筆初級產(chǎn)品的交易合同。在合同規(guī)定司簽訂了一筆初級產(chǎn)品的交易合同。在合同規(guī)定的裝運(yùn)期內(nèi),賣方備妥了貨物,安排好了從裝運(yùn)的裝運(yùn)期內(nèi),賣方備妥了貨物,安排好了從裝運(yùn)港到目的港的運(yùn)輸事項(xiàng)。在裝船時,賣方考慮到港到目的港的運(yùn)輸事項(xiàng)。
40、在裝船時,賣方考慮到從裝運(yùn)港到目的港距離較近,且風(fēng)平浪靜,不會從裝運(yùn)港到目的港距離較近,且風(fēng)平浪靜,不會發(fā)生什么意外,因此,沒有辦理海運(yùn)貨物保險(xiǎn)。發(fā)生什么意外,因此,沒有辦理海運(yùn)貨物保險(xiǎn)。實(shí)際上,貨物也安全及時抵達(dá)目的港,但賣方所實(shí)際上,貨物也安全及時抵達(dá)目的港,但賣方所提交的單據(jù)中缺少了保險(xiǎn)單,買方因市場行情發(fā)提交的單據(jù)中缺少了保險(xiǎn)單,買方因市場行情發(fā)生了對自己不利的變化,就以賣方所交的單據(jù)不生了對自己不利的變化,就以賣方所交的單據(jù)不全為由,要求拒收貨物拒付貨款。請問,買方的全為由,要求拒收貨物拒付貨款。請問,買方的要求是否合理?此案應(yīng)如何處理?要求是否合理?此案應(yīng)如何處理?答案要點(diǎn)答案要點(diǎn)
41、 從交貨方式上來看,從交貨方式上來看,CIF 是一種典型的象征性交貨是一種典型的象征性交貨(Symbolic Delivery)。 象征性交貨是針對實(shí)際交貨而言。在象征性交貨方象征性交貨是針對實(shí)際交貨而言。在象征性交貨方式下,賣方是憑單交貨,買方是憑單付款。只要賣式下,賣方是憑單交貨,買方是憑單付款。只要賣方如期向買方提交了合同規(guī)定的全套合格單據(jù),即方如期向買方提交了合同規(guī)定的全套合格單據(jù),即使貨物在運(yùn)輸途中損壞或滅失,買方也必須履行付使貨物在運(yùn)輸途中損壞或滅失,買方也必須履行付款義務(wù)??盍x務(wù)。 反之,如果賣方提交的單據(jù)不符合要求,即使貨物反之,如果賣方提交的單據(jù)不符合要求,即使貨物完好無損地
42、運(yùn)達(dá)目的港,買方仍有權(quán)拒收單據(jù)并拒完好無損地運(yùn)達(dá)目的港,買方仍有權(quán)拒收單據(jù)并拒付貨款。付貨款。 還需指出,按還需指出,按CIF術(shù)語成交,賣方履行其交單義務(wù)術(shù)語成交,賣方履行其交單義務(wù)只是得到買方付款的前提條件,除此之外,他還必只是得到買方付款的前提條件,除此之外,他還必須履行交貨義務(wù)。因此,本案中,買方提出的要求須履行交貨義務(wù)。因此,本案中,買方提出的要求是合理的,賣方必須提交符合規(guī)定的全套單據(jù),買是合理的,賣方必須提交符合規(guī)定的全套單據(jù),買方可以拒收貨物拒付貨款,或向賣方提出索賠。方可以拒收貨物拒付貨款,或向賣方提出索賠。某公司按某公司按CIF ROTERDAM向荷蘭出口一批季向荷蘭出口一批
43、季節(jié)性較強(qiáng)的貨物,雙方在合同中規(guī)定:買方節(jié)性較強(qiáng)的貨物,雙方在合同中規(guī)定:買方須于須于9月底前將信用證開到,賣方保證運(yùn)貨船月底前將信用證開到,賣方保證運(yùn)貨船只不得遲于只不得遲于12月月1日抵達(dá)目的港,如貨輪遲于日抵達(dá)目的港,如貨輪遲于12月月1日抵達(dá)目的港,買方有權(quán)取消合同。如日抵達(dá)目的港,買方有權(quán)取消合同。如貨款已收,賣方須將貨款退還買方。問這一貨款已收,賣方須將貨款退還買方。問這一條款是否合理?為什么?這個合同是否是真條款是否合理?為什么?這個合同是否是真正意義上的正意義上的CIF合同?合同?Application of FOB、CFR、CIF1、FOB/CFR/CIF Similarit
44、y1)transportation 2)delivery point3)risks transferDifference1)responsibilities taken by the two parties2)costs covered by the contracted two parties(四)FOB、CFR、CIF三者的應(yīng)用1、三者的比較、三者的比較相相同同點(diǎn)點(diǎn)1)運(yùn)輸方式相同)運(yùn)輸方式相同 2)交貨地點(diǎn)相同)交貨地點(diǎn)相同3)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分相同)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)劃分相同不不同同點(diǎn)點(diǎn)1)買賣雙方承擔(dān)的責(zé)任不同)買賣雙方承擔(dān)的責(zé)任不同2)買賣雙方承擔(dān)的費(fèi)用不同)買賣雙方承擔(dān)的費(fèi)用不同2.Relationsh
45、ip of the three trade terms FOB CFR+F(Freight) CIF+I(Insurance)FOB=material costs + sale costs+ net profits2、三者價(jià)格的構(gòu)成 FOB CFR+F(國外運(yùn)費(fèi))(國外運(yùn)費(fèi)) CIF+I(國外保險(xiǎn)費(fèi))(國外保險(xiǎn)費(fèi))FOB=進(jìn)貨成本價(jià)進(jìn)貨成本價(jià)+國內(nèi)費(fèi)用國內(nèi)費(fèi)用+凈利潤凈利潤出口應(yīng)盡量使用:出口應(yīng)盡量使用:進(jìn)口應(yīng)盡量使用:進(jìn)口應(yīng)盡量使用:CIFFOB3.Application of the three trade terms in practice A merchant in South Ame
46、rica placed an order with a Chinese export company for a certain commodity on CFR Asuncion (亞松森亞松森)terms .With a view to develop new markets, the export company immediately made an offer on the basis of CFR Asuncion, and the transaction was soon concluded. When shipping the goods, however, this comp
47、any came to realize that Asuncion is an inland city. As was the case, if the company had the goods transported to Asuncion, it had to , first of all, have the goods transported by sea to a seaport in Argentina or some other South American neighboring country. After that, the goods might be transport
48、 to Asuncion through river transportation or inland transportation. As a result, this company had to pay a considerable sum of freight charges. What can we learn from this case?CASECASE In this case the loss was caused simply because of the ignorance on the part of the export businessman. What we can learn from this case is that, when offering abroad, we must make exact calculations of the total freight and other relevant charges. Most importantly, it is very beneficial for every export businessman to learn geography.ANSWERComparison of the wide
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