2021年高考英語(外研版)一輪復習必修4：4Module4GreatScientists

1、（一）重點詞匯一一分類記憶I 閱讀詞匯一一在不認識的詞匯前劃 Vn ick name n.original adj.diag nose vt.brilliant adj.brief adj.physical adj._rocket n.straight adj.n .核心詞匯寫其形1.leading adj.2.figure n.3.publish vt.4.breakthrough n.5.support vt.6.replace vt.7.escapevi.8.clear vi.川.拓展詞匯一一通其變1.educate vt.教育宀 education n.教育宀 educatorn.教育

2、工作者；教師2.agriculture n.農(nóng)業(yè)宀 agricultural adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的3.produce v.生產(chǎn)宀 production n.產(chǎn)量宀 producer n.生產(chǎn)者4.export vt.出口宀 import vt.進口（反義詞）5.graduate vi.畢業(yè) n.畢業(yè)生宀 graduation n.畢業(yè)6.person al adj .個人的 personally adv.就自己而言宀 personality n.性格；個性；人格7.explode vi.爆炸宀 explosion n.爆炸；爆炸聲Module 4 Great Scientists囲dI 梳理T自評、

3、語基必備知識I species n.I best- seller n.L-l victim n.I career n.LI partly adv.relativity n.arrow n.主要的人物出版突破支持取代；以代替逃跑；逃避（煙霧）消散1.-S 結(jié)尾的單復數(shù)同形名詞 works工廠 series系列 means方法 crossroads十字路口 remai ns剩余物 species（生物）物種2.合成名詞v.+ adv.”大觀園 breakthrough突破 breakdow n故障；破損 breakup破裂；瓦解 takeaway外賣食物warm - up熱身運動 get- tog

4、ether聚會3.“經(jīng)濟生活”常用到 export出口 import進口 in vest投資bid出價；投標 distribute分配；分布 disco unt打折（二）重點短語一一記牢用活1. bring up培養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)育2. the key to (doing) sth.（做）某事的關鍵3. as a result of由于的結(jié)果4. be known for因.而出名/聞名5. earn one s living謀生6. come to power掌權7. bring in引進；帶來8. carry out實施；履行；完成（任務）蛙枳ST齷想拓區(qū)1.由 the key to 想到的 the

5、 approach to的方法 the access to的通道 the an swer to的答案 the no tes to的注釋 the entrance to的入口2.carry 相關短語多棱鏡 carry out實施；履行；完成（任務） carry on繼續(xù)；維持 carry through貫徹到底；成功完成 carry away拿走；運走 carry back帶回；使回想起3. “ be known + prep.” 短語小結(jié) be known for因.而出名/聞名 be known as作為而出名 be known to為熟知 be known by被所知（三）重點句式一一背熟

6、巧用句型公式教材原句句型 1： keep+賓語+賓語補足語The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep therocket moving in a straight direction.這些管子被綁在一根長棍上，這根長棍能使火箭沿直線移 動。句型 2：現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world s first astr on aut ?或者他被帶到了太空中數(shù)英里的地方，成為世界上第一個宇航員？、語境強化訓練I語境填詞一一根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的

7、適當形式A 根據(jù)漢語提示寫出下列單詞1.Surgeons have made a great breakthrough（突破）in the kidney transplant.2. To improve the quality（質(zhì)量）of our products, we asked for suggestions whoever had usedthe products.3. Most of the flood victims（受害者）had to leave all their things behind.4.We have to deal with the emotional and p

8、hysical身體的）problems that go along with obesity.5.Tell the story briefly（ 簡短地）and then explain why you do or do not enjoy it.B .根據(jù)所給單詞寫出適當形式6.His first novel published（publish） last year is popular with many young readers.7.Just then a white-haired old woman entered, supported（support） by a girl of t

9、en years old.8.We had to wait on the freeway until the thick fog cleared（clear） at last.9.Confucius was one of the great figures（figure） in the history of China.10.The house I grew up in has been taken down and replaced（replace） by an office buildi ng.n.語境品詞一一寫出加黑詞匯在語境中的意義1. （2019 蘇卷）The bone struct

10、ure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support acreature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head.支撐2.（2019 全國卷n） A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.解脫；消遣川.選詞成篇bring up; experiment with; bring in; as a result of; earn one IS

11、ingWang Gang was born and.brought up in a remote mountain village, where people mainly 2.earnedtheir living by farming. 3.As a_result of lacking advaneed farming technique, they lived a hard life. After newfarming technique was 4.brought in,_their life was getting better and better.the key to; carry

12、 out; be known for; be diag no sed with; come to/i nto powerMrs.Gree n5.was diag no sed with breast cancer, and went to a doctor who6.was_known for treat ing cancers. The doctor 7.carried. out a series of treatme nts on her, and told her that8.the key to recovering rapidly is to have a relaxed mind.

13、 Following the doctor s advice, she graduallypicked up.IV .完成語段It is reported that the newly-built bridge will be put into use soon. Hopefully, it can1.keep 血 traffic flowing_smoothly（ 保持交通暢通 ）.Many people become interested in thebridge, 2.making_ it_ a_hot_topic（使它成為一個熱點話題）.工考倔aHM奠難霾*講揀炳合*普點薄實囤1詞匯精

14、研support vt.支持；支撐；維持；供養(yǎng) n . U支持；擁護；供養(yǎng)基礎練習單句語法填空1(2018 天津卷)Supported(support) by you, we can surely win in the robotic competition.2a.What moves me is that my pare nts always support me in_what I want to do.b. When ever I disagree with my brother, my father comes to_my support.能力提升完成句子3科學家必須提出論據(jù)以支持其理

15、論。A scie ntist must produce evide nee in_support of his theory.4在朋友的支持下，他找到了一份新工作。這份工作使他能夠掙更多的錢來養(yǎng)活他的家人。With his friend s support,_he found a new job, one where he could get more money tosupport his=_family .(1)support sb.i n sth.在某方面支持某人(2)come to ones support來支持某人in support of.支持佳句背誦Tom is so indep

16、endent that he never asks his parents opinionless he wants theirsupport .湯姆如此獨立以至于他從來都不問父母的意見，除非他想得到他們的支持。(2019 天津詞塊助記support a familysupport on eselftech ni cal support19 quantity n.量；數(shù)量養(yǎng)家糊口自力更生技術支持基礎練習 單句語法填空1a.With more and more forests cut dow n, large qua ntities of soil ar_being washed(wash)aw

17、ay now.b. With more and more forests cut down, a large quantity of soil is _being washed(wash) awaynow.2We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in_gua ntity.能力提升 詞匯升級(普通表達)Before the exam, I spent a lot of time in preparing for it. Otherwise, I wouldnt have succeeded in pass ing the exam.（

18、高級表達）Before the exam, I spent a _large _quantity of/a_ great deal_ of time in preparing for it.Otherwise, I wouldn htve succeeded in passing the exam.a large/small qua ntity oflarge qua ntities ofin qua ntity佳句背誦Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.專家說，表揚的質(zhì)量比數(shù)量更

19、重要。（2019 浙江卷 6 月）名師點津（1）a quantity of 或 quantities of 后既可接可數(shù)名詞也可接不可數(shù)名詞。（2）a quantity of +名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞與名詞保持數(shù)的一致；而quantities of+名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。甸escape v.逃跑；逃脫；逃避；被忘記 n.逃跑；解脫，消遣基礎練習單句語法填空1Whoever breaks the law won t escape punishment/being punished（punish）.2He ever had a narrow escape from the adve n

20、turous sport, so he does nt dare to try it aga in.能力提升完成句子/句式升級3（普通表達）The woma n man aged, to= escape_from_the_fire（成功逃出火場）with her baby.She was extremely terrified and exhausted.4（高級表達）Thewoma nmanaged to escape from the fire with_ her baby, extremely terrified_and_exha usted.（形容詞作狀語）歸納拓（1）escape （

21、doing） sth.逃脫（做）某事escape from/out of.（2）have a narrow escape九死一生佳句背誦With the greatest of luck he man aged to escape from the rising flood waters.大量/少量的大量的；許多的大量地從逃跑，逃走歸納柘非常幸運，他設法從快速上漲的洪水中逃脫。詞塊助記escape one s atte ntio n/no tice逃過某人的注意/被某人忽視a fire escape 安全門Hclear vt.使清楚；掃清 vi.變清澈；（天）變晴；（煙霧）消散adj.清澈的；

22、晴朗的；清晰的；暢通的基礎練習單句語法填空1（福建卷）Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear upjhe mess, as her children are always in the way whenever she tries to.2a.（江蘇卷）It was never clear why the man hadntported the accident sooner.b. He didn make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.能力提升完成句子3顯然，手機在青少年中變得流行并且改變了他們的

23、生活方式。It_is_clear that mobile phones have become popular among teenagers and _changed their way of,life.基礎練習單句語法填空1a.After the new preside nt came to/i nto power, he took a series of measures to improve people slife.（1） clear up整理，收拾；消除（誤會等）；（天）放晴It is clear that.顯然佳句背誦When you finish your dinner, pl

24、ease clear the table. 吃完晚飯后，請你將餐桌收拾一下。詞塊助記keep a clear head/m indhave a clear purpose/goalclear up a difficulty/mis un derstanding保持清醒的頭腦有明確的目標解決困難/消除誤會目 come to/into power開始執(zhí)政，掌權，上臺（2）make.clear清楚表明，講清楚b. The government has been in power for twenty years, and is still going strong.c. Not that I don

25、 want to help you, but that it s beyond my power to do so.2（2019 江蘇卷）We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages. It seems obvious thatthese have made humankind the most poweful（power） animal on earth.能力提升詞匯升級/句式升級（普通表達）1 try my best to perform well in the volunteer job. （2018 浙江卷 6 月）3（高級表達）

26、I do all/everything_ in_ my_ _power to perform well in the volunteer job.4（高級表達）I do_what_ I_ can to perform well in the volunteer job. （what 引導賓語 從句）國囪圖回（1）i n power當權in/within one s power有能力；力所能及bey ond one s power某人力所不能及的do everything in one s power （to do）盡力而為；竭盡全力（2）powerful adj.強大的；權力大的佳句背誦 He

27、 came to/into power when he was 25 years old and has been in power for 60 years sofar.他 25 歲時開始上臺執(zhí)政，到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)執(zhí)政60 年了。名師點津“ come into +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語還有: come into being形成，產(chǎn)生 come into existe nee開始存在，產(chǎn)生 come into effect/force生效 come into use開始使用 come into sight/view看見；進入視野句型精析keep +賓語+賓語補足語（教材原句 ）The tubes were

28、 attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straightdirect ion.這些管子被綁在一根長棍上，這根長棍能使火箭沿直線移動。基礎練習單句語法填空1a.(浙江卷)A good listener takes part in the conversation, offering ideas and raising questio ns tokeep the talk flowin g(flow)b. It is necessary that we keep the young generation

29、informed(inform) of the current affairs.2a.(廣東卷)ln other words, we should keep the earth healthy(health) while using its supply of n aturalresources.b. He kept his eyes closed(close) and stayed where he was.能力提升完成句子3(北京卷)為了更方便聯(lián)系我們，你最好把這張名片放在手邊。To make it easier to get in touch with us, you d better

30、keep this card at_hand .“ keep+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，這里 keep 為使役動詞，意為 使. 繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)”。keep +賓語+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/名詞(2) keep +賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞(3) keep +賓語+過去分詞佳句背誦 New tech no logy has bee n brought i n since n ew- elected mayor came into power andcarried out the new policy, keeping the city developing rapidly .自從新當選的市長上臺執(zhí)政并實行新

31、政策以來，新技術得以引進，使得該市迅速發(fā)展。名師點津在“keep+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語之間為主謂關系， 過去分詞與賓語之間為動賓關系。高效淨樋算訓提升貳力.維度一在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1. (江蘇卷)It is everybody duty to observe the traffic rules to keep our society in order and going(go) onthe right track.2. Large quantities of money have been spent(spend) in bringing up the thr

32、ee children since they wereborn.3. The boy man aged to escape from the burning house, but he could n t escape being puni shed/puni shme nt(p uni sh) because the fire was caused by his play ing with matches.4. Though earning(earn) his living by selling fruit, the old man contributed much money to hel

33、p thepeople hit by the disaster.5.After the earthquake, the electricity supply failed, making(make) the cooling system break dow n.維度二 在空白處填入 1 個適當?shù)膯卧~1. His success was a long story, but in brief, he succeeded after many failures.2. Hangzhou, known for the West Lake, attracts many visitors every yea

34、r.3. The museum has been completed, but the government hasn t made it clear when it will be ope n tothe public.4. How do you deal with the disagreeme nt betwee n the compa ny and the customers?The key to solvi ng the problem is to meet the dema nds made by the customers.5. The artists had little fai

35、th in the political leader who came to power after the war.維度三派生詞練習1. This factory produces computers. Its producer is optimistic about the production and sale. (produce)2. The government is attaching more importanee to educating the younger generation. In a sen se, it isthe duty of every educator t

36、o do what they can for the cause of education of Ch ina. (educate)3. After graduation, he is one of the graduates who have just graduated this year and have found agood job in Beiji ng.(graduate)4. Two bombs exploded in the centre of our city and the explosion caused seven deaths.(explode)維度四易錯混用1.H

37、is con fide nt words have cleared out our doubts about how the pla n will be carried out. 第一個 outfup2. You may be physical and men tally exhausted after a long flight.physical physically3. His first book published last year and it turned out to be a best- seller.在 published 前力口 was4. Experts brought

38、 in to help the farmers in crease the crop output last year. 在 brought 前力口were5. Determined to make big breakthrough in his career, he works day and night in the company.在 big 前加 a提能一語段填空（短文中黑體部分為本模塊核心知識點，請補全短文，并背誦體會黑 體部分用法）Yuan LongpingIt is clear that in the past, many people couldn t escape 1.suf

39、fering(suffer) from hunger. Alot of them even 2.earned(earn) their living by begging. So Yuan Longping dreamed of develop ing a newspecies 3.to_in crease (in crease) rice product ion to feed more people. After 4.graduating(graduate) fromuniversity, he devoted 5.himself(he) to the research. As 6.a re

40、sult of his years efforts, he made a greatbreakthrough 7.anddeveloped hybrid rice. Many other countries brought in large 8.quantities( quantity ) ofhybrid rice. Yuan Longping took up his post in Qingdao Sea Rice Research and Development Center in 2017and kept sea rice research project 9.making(make)

41、 great progress. 10.In_ brief, Yuan Longping lives up tothe “ Father of Hybrid Rice ”, and thus has been awarded the Life Scienee Prize.提能二話題寫作(用本模塊詞匯、句式和語法知識寫滿分作文)假定你是李華，應你校校報英文版編輯邀請寫一篇介紹亞歷山大弗萊明的短文。寫作要點如下：簡要介紹人物；介紹人物的貢獻；對人物進行評價。1.補全要點句(黑體部分請用本模塊所學詞匯)1亞歷山大弗萊明出生在蘇格蘭并由母親和哥哥撫養(yǎng)長大。Alexander Fleming was b

42、orn in Scotland and was_brought, up by his mother and his elder brother.2在他們的支持下，他在倫敦的一個醫(yī)學院接受教育。Supported_by them, he got_educated in a medical school in London.31906 年他作為優(yōu)秀生從該校 畢業(yè)。In 1906, he graduated_from the school as a top stude nt.4他對醫(yī)學做出了巨大的貢獻，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉素使他獲得了終生的榮譽。He made great contributions to

43、medical scienee, but it was his discovery of penicillin thatearned_him_a_lasting, reputation .5因為這個成就他 聞名于世，并獲得諾貝爾獎。He was_known= for= that= achieveme nt,_a nd for it he received a Nobel Prize.6很顯然，弗萊明是歷史上 才華橫溢的科學家之一。2.升級平淡句7用過去分詞作狀語升級句Born in_ Scotland, Alexander Fleming was brought up by hi _mothe

44、r and his elder brother.8用介詞+ which ”非限制性定語從句升級句He was known= for that achievement for_which=_he_=received=_a_Nobel=_P _ ze.3 銜接成美文Itis_clear that Flemi ng is oneof_thebrilliantscientists in history.One possible version :Born in Scotia nd, Alexa nder Flem ing was brought up by his mother and his eld

45、er brother. Supportedby them, he got educated in a medical school in London. In 1906, he graduated from the school as a topstudent. He made great contributions to medical scienee, but it was his discovery of penicillin that earned hima lasting reputation. He was known for that achievement, for which

46、 he received a Nobel Prize.It is clear that Fleming is one of the brilliant scientists in history.（課后達標檢測|（建議用時：35 分鐘）I.閱讀理解A（2020 洛陽、許昌質(zhì)檢）Looking back on my childhood, I amconvinced that n aturalists are born and not made.Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisterssoon

47、aba ndoned their pressed flowers and in sects. Un like them, I had no ear formusic and Ian guages. I was not an early reader and I could not do men tal maths.I have only the unm emorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recallclearly the large family of gran dpare nt

48、s, aun ts, un cles and cous ins who gathered next door. But I do havea crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the in sects.I am a n aturalist, not a scie ntist. I have a strong love of the n atural world, and my en thusiasm has ledme into varied investiga

49、tions. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil whilereading about other peopleoSservations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings theseobservations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books,which some might hon

50、our with the title of scientific research.But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make ascientist : One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self- discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self- discipli ne but a

51、ll training, determ in ati on and a goal. A scie ntist, up to a point,can be made. A n aturalist is born. If you can comb ine the two, you get the best of both worlds.【解題導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，作者通過自身的經(jīng)歷明白了一個道理：博物學家是天生的，而科學家則是可以后天培養(yǎng)的。1. What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?A Wildlife.CLanguag

52、es.D Literature.B Music.A 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of thedogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects. ” 可知，作者在童年時，印象 深刻的是那些野生生物，故選 A 。2Why cant the author remember his relatives clearly?A He didn t live with them for long.B The family was extrem

53、ely large.C He was fully occupied with observing nature.D He was too young when he lived with them.C 解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of thedogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and almost all the insects. ” 可推知，作者童年時期過于 專注自然界而對周圍的親戚并不是很在意， 所以沒有深刻的印象， 這與第四段第二句中的 “ I have a

54、strong love ofthe natural world ”呼應，故選 C。3 According to the author, what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?A Being knowledgeable.B Being self - discipline.C Being full of ambition.D Being full of enthusiasm.D 解析： 推理判斷題。 根據(jù)第四段前兩句 “I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a stro

55、ng love of thenatural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. ”可知， 作者從 小熱愛自然界， 而且這種熱情使作者做了很多不同的調(diào)查， 成了一個博物學家。 由此可推知， 一個天生的博物學家首先要充滿熱情，故選D 。4 Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?A He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.B He thinks he has

56、 much trouble doing mental arithmetic.C. He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.D. He thinks he just reads about other people s observations.A 解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“ But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory andenjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist : One of

57、the outstanding and essentialqualities required is self- discipline, a quality I lack. ” 可知，作者認為自己只是一個博物學家而不是一個科學家是因為自己缺乏成為科學家的某種必備的素質(zhì)，故選A。（2020 合肥第二次質(zhì)檢）ln today s society, language plays a key role indefining gender（性另 U） by vocabulary, and also the non - verbal（非語言的 ）vocabulary. Each one of these

58、differe nt types of ways of com mun icati ng isobviously differe nt betwee n men and wome n.Many differe nt studies show that men tend to talk much more tha n wome n. It has also bee n prove nthat wome n tend to speak faster tha n men. This is due to the fact that wome n tend to be interrupted moreo

59、ften than men are, and also have the ability to speak more clearly, precisely, and more quickly than men. Inone study it was found that women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting, as opposedto the thirteen - minute average it took men to describe it.Men and wome n also tend to

60、 have a very differe nt non verbal way of com muni cat ing, which can alsomake it very hard for one ano ther to un dersta nd what the opposite sex is trying to say. M en bodyIanguage is much more reserved when they are talking to women. Men tend not to make as much eye contact and they gen erally st