專家和你想的不一樣

1、專家和你想的不一樣吃什么最“健康”？專家和你想的不一樣We surveyed Americans and a panel of nutrition experts about which foods they thought were good or bad for you.我們針對美國人和一組營養(yǎng)專家進行問卷調查，詢問他們覺得哪些食物對身體好，哪些不好。Is popcorn good for you? What about pizza, orange juice or sushi? Or frozen yogurt, pork chops or quinoa?爆米花對身體好嗎？披薩、橙汁或者

2、壽司呢？冷凍酸奶、連骨豬排或藜麥怎么樣？Which foods are healthy? In principle, its a simple enough question, and a person who wishes to eat more healthily should reasonably expect to know which foods to choose at the supermarket and which to avoid.哪些食物是健康的？原則上講，這是個很簡單的問題，希望吃得更健康的人應該會知道該在超市選什么食物，避開什么。Unfortunately, the

3、answer is anything but simple.可惜答案絕沒那么簡單。The Food and Drug Administration recently agreed to review its standards for what foods can be called “healthy,” a move that highlights how much of our nutritional knowledge has changed in recent years and how much remains unknown.美國食品與藥品管理局(The Food and Drug

4、 Administration)最近同意重新審視它有關何為“健康”食物的標準，這一舉措凸顯出我們的營養(yǎng)知識在最近幾年發(fā)生了多大的變化以及還有多少是未知的。With the Morning Consult, a media and polling firm, we surveyed hundreds of nutritionists members of the American Society for Nutrition asking them whether they thought certain food items (about 50) were healthy.我們和媒體與民調公司晨

5、間顧問(Morning Consult)一起對數(shù)百名營養(yǎng)學家美國營養(yǎng)學會(American Society for Nutrition)的成員做問卷調查，詢問他們是否認為某種食物（約50種）是健康的。The Morning Consult also surveyed a representative sample of the American electorate, asking the same thing.晨間顧問也在美國選民中選取有代表性的人群做問卷調查，向他們征詢了同樣的問題。The results suggest a surprising diversity of opinion,

6、 even among experts. Yes, some foods, like kale, apples and oatmeal, are considered “healthy” by nearly everyone. And some, like soda, french fries and chocolate chip cookies, are not. But in between, some foods appear to benefit from a positive public perception, while others befuddle the public an

7、d experts alike. (Were looking at you, butter.)結果顯示意見非常多樣，令人意外，即便在專家群體內也是如此。沒錯，幾乎所有人都認為羽衣甘藍、蘋果和燕麥等一些食物是“健康的”；汽水、炸薯條和巧克力曲奇則不是。但在介于二者之間的區(qū)域，一些食物似乎得益于正面的公眾觀念，而其他的則讓公眾和專家都感到困惑。（說的就是你，黃油。）“Twenty years ago, I think we knew about 10 percent of what we need to know” about nutrition, said Dariush Mozaffarian

8、, the dean of the Tufts Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy. “And now we know about 40 or 50 percent.”有關營養(yǎng)，“20年前，我認為我們知道大約10%我們需要知道的東西，”塔夫茨大學弗里德曼營養(yǎng)科學與政策學院(Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University)院長達柳什·莫扎法里安(Dariush Mozaffarian)說。“現(xiàn)在我們知道40%或50%。”Heres what

9、 we found.以下是我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)。Of the 52 common foods that we asked experts and the public to rate, none had a wider gap than granola bars. More than 70 percent of ordinary Americans we surveyed described it as healthy, but less than a third of nutritional experts did. A similar gap existed for granola, which l

10、ess than half of nutritionists we surveyed described as healthy.在我們請求專家和公眾評分的52種常見食物中，沒有什么比燕麥棒獲得的評價差異更大。在參與調查的普通美國人中，有超過70%認為它是健康的，但只有不到三分之一的營養(yǎng)專家也這么想。對麥片的看法同樣存在這種巨大的差異，少于一半的受調查營養(yǎng)學家認為它是健康的。Several of the foods considered more healthful by everyday Americans than by experts, including frozen yogurt, a

11、 SlimFast shake andgranola bars, have something in common: They can contain a lot of added sugar. In May, the Food and Drug Administration announced a new template for nutrition labels, and one priority was to clearly distinguish between sugars that naturally occur in food and sugars that are added

12、later to heighten flavors. (Youd be surprised how many foods contain added sugar.) Its possible nutritionists know this, but the public still does not.相比于專家，普通美國人認為更健康的幾種食物凍酸奶、速瘦(SlimFast)奶昔、燕麥棒等有一些共同特征：他們包含很多額外的糖分。今年5月，美國食品與藥品管理局宣布了營養(yǎng)標示的新樣板，其中一項優(yōu)先項是明確區(qū)分食物中自然產生的糖分和后來為了加強口味而加入的糖分。（你會驚訝于有那么多食物包含額外的糖。）

13、有可能營養(yǎng)學家明白這一點，而公眾還不知道。On the other end of the spectrum, several foods received a seal of approval from our expert panel but left nonexperts uncertain. Most surprising to us was the reaction to quinoa, a “superfood” grain so often praised as healthful that it has become the subject of satire. (At the

14、moment, The New York Times cooking site offers 167 recipes for quinoa, roughly a third of which are explicitly tagged “healthy.”)另一方面，有好幾種食物獲得了專家群體的認可，但非專家群體卻感覺未必。對我們來說最讓人吃驚的是對藜麥的反應，這種“超級食品”谷物如此頻繁地被贊揚為有益健康的，以致它變成了諷刺的對象。（此刻，紐約時報美食頻道上提供了167種藜麥食譜，大約有三分之一都被明確標注為“健康”。）In addition, tofu, sushi, hummus, wi

15、ne and shrimp were all rated as significantly more healthful by nutritionists than by the public. Why?除此以外，營養(yǎng)專家給予豆腐、壽司、鷹嘴豆泥、紅酒、蝦的健康評分也比公眾的打分高出許多。為什么呢？One reason may be that many of them are new foods in the mainstream American diet. Our colleague Neil Irwin measured mentions of trendy foods in Times

16、 coverage over the years, and found that quinoa had only recently picked up steam. Others may reflect mixed messages in press coverage of the healthfulness of foods. Shrimp was long maligned for its high rate of dietary cholesterol, though recent guidelines have changed. And public messages about th

17、e healthfulness of alcohol are conflicting: While moderate drinking appears to have some health benefits, more consumption can obviously have real health costs.其中一個原因可能是它們中有許多是美國主流飲食中的新出現(xiàn)的食物。我們的同事尼爾·歐文(Neil Irwin)統(tǒng)計了紐約時報過去多年報道中提到流行食物的情況，發(fā)現(xiàn)藜麥的流行度是最近才開始上升。其他的可能反映了媒體在報道食品健康程度時傳達的信息有些含混。因為膳食膽固醇含量高，

18、蝦長久以來一直被錯誤地看待，不過最近的飲食指南已經發(fā)生了變化。有關酒的健康程度的公眾信息相互矛盾：盡管適度飲酒似乎在一定程度上有益健康，但更多的飲用顯然會讓人付出實實在在的健康代價。We werent surprised to find areas in which both ordinary Americans and experts disagreed.不出所料的是，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在有些領域，普通美國人和專家的意見并不一致。We expect researchers to be better informed about current research, and everyday consum

19、ers to be more susceptible to the health claims of food marketers, even if the claims are somewhat dubious.我們預料研究人員對目前的研究狀況會有更多了解，認為普通消費者更容易受到食品賣家健康說法的影響，哪怕那些說法有點可疑。But some of the foods in our survey split both the public and our panel of experts.但我們調查的一些食物令公眾和專家群體內部都產生了分歧。Four of the foods listed

20、above steak, cheddar cheese, whole milkand pork chops tend to have a lot of fat. And fat is a topic few experts can agree on. Years ago, the nutritional consensus was that fat, and particularly the saturated fat found in dairy and red meat, was bad for your heart. Newer studies are less clear, and m

21、any of the fights among nutritionists tend to be about the right amount of protein and fat in a healthy diet.調查表中列出的食物有四種牛排、切達干酪、全脂奶和連骨豬排似乎脂肪含量比較多。脂肪是一個很少能有專家意見一致的話題。多年前的營養(yǎng)共識是脂肪對心臟不好，尤其是奶制品和肉類中的飽和脂肪。更新一些的研究結論沒那么清晰，營養(yǎng)學家之間的爭執(zhí)點似乎在于健康飲食中蛋白質和脂肪的正確含量上。The uncertainty about these foods, as expressed both b

22、y experts and ordinary Americans, reflects the haziness of the nutritional evidence about them. (If youre a steak lover and you find this news discouraging, our colleague Aaron Carroll has written that red meat is probably fine in moderation.)專家和普通美國人在這些食物問題上表現(xiàn)出的不確定性，反映出有關它們的營養(yǎng)學證據(jù)的模糊。（如果你是個牛排愛好者，你覺得

23、這條消息令人沮喪，那我就告訴你，我們的同事阿倫·卡羅爾Aaron Carroll寫過，適度食用紅肉或許沒有問題。）Its clear that many shoppers do want to eat healthful foods but are unsure what to choose. To gain some perspective on this, we asked Google which foods were most commonly part of a simple search: “Is blank healthy?” We used these results

24、 to generate some of our survey questions. The food people were likeliest to ask about was also one nutritionists generally approve of: sushi.顯然很多顧客的確想吃健康的食物，但他們不確定該選什么。為了在這方面獲得一些認知，我求助于谷歌(Google)，問該公司以下的簡單搜索中最常見的部分是什么：“空格是健康的嗎？”我們用這些搜索結果設計了問卷中的一些問題。這些關心飲食的人最有可能問到的，也是營養(yǎng)學家普遍認可的一種食物，那就是壽司。There are so

25、me areas of nutritional consensus. Nearly everyone agreed that oranges, apples, oatmeal and chicken could safely be described as healthy, and also agreed that chocolate chip cookies,bacon, white bread and soda could not.有些領域存在營養(yǎng)方面的共識。幾乎所有人都同意，橙子、蘋果、燕麥和雞肉可以比較安全地被列為健康食品，也同意巧克力曲奇、培根、白面包和汽水則不是。Where doe

26、s this leave a well-meaning but occasionally confused shopper? Reassured, perhaps: Nutrition science is sometimes murky even to experts.對一個動機良好但偶爾會感到困惑的消費者來說，這會帶來什么影響？或許是安心：營養(yǎng)學有時甚至對專家來說都是含糊不清的。Your overall diet probably matters a lot more than whether you follow rigid rules or eat just one “good” or

27、 “bad” food. Our colleague Aaron Carroll has published a list of common-sense rules for healthful eating, which represents a good start.相比于你是否嚴格遵守飲食法則，或是否吃一種“好的”或“不好的”食物，你的整體飲食可能要重要得多。我的同事阿倫·卡羅爾列過一系列常識性的健康飲食法則，這代表一個不錯的開始。We also asked our experts whether they considered their own diet healthful

28、, and how they described it. Ninety-nine percent of nutritionists said their diet was very or somewhat healthy. The most popular special diet type was “Mediteranean”; 25 percent of our nutritionists picked it. But the most common answer, even for experts, was “no special rules or restrictions.”我們也詢問

29、了專家，他們是否認為自己的飲食是健康的，以及他們會如何描述。99%的營養(yǎng)學家表示，自己的飲食非?；虮容^健康。最受歡迎的特殊飲食類型是“地中海式”；我們調查的營養(yǎng)學家有25%選了這種。但最常見的答案，哪怕對專家來說，也是“沒有特別的規(guī)則或限制。”重大的改變能從兩個方面改善你的生活People dread changes be they big or small but changes are not as horrible as many believe. Regardless of what happened in your life, even the most drastic change

30、 can turn your life upside down.人們都害怕改變-使他們變好或變壞-但是改變不是像許多人認為的那樣可怕。不管你的生活中發(fā)生了什么改變，哪怕是最重大的改變都會對你的生活產生影響。Change the quality of life改變生活質量Your quality of life can either drop or increase it all depends on you. While some people let depression rule their lives, others fight with it. Statistics show many

31、 people ruined their lives by getting into bad habits like smoking, drinking, antidepressants and drugs.They use bad habits to calm their pains, but all they do is slowly destroying their lives.你的生活質量將變好還是變壞完全取決于你自己。然而有些人用消極的態(tài)度來對待自己的生活現(xiàn)狀，另外一些人卻為了改善自己的生活現(xiàn)狀而不斷奮斗。統(tǒng)計資料顯示許多人由于養(yǎng)成了一些壞習慣例如抽煙、喝酒、服用抗抑郁藥和毒品而毀掉

32、了自己的生活。他們利用這些壞習慣來麻痹自己的傷痛，但是他們做的這一切是在慢慢地摧毀他們的生活。重大的改變能從兩個方面改善你的生活.jpgRemember we have only one life? Take advantage of a drastic change to improve your quality of life. I found a better job that has improved my finances and reduced my stress level. If I was not fired, I would not solve my financial p

33、roblems. It was all for the best.記得嗎我們只有一次生命？利用一次重大改變中的有利條件來改善你的生活質量。我找到了一份更好的工作，這份工作改善了我的經濟狀況同時減輕了我的壓力。如果我沒有被解雇，我就不會去想辦法解決我的收入問題?，F(xiàn)在一切都比過去好。Declutter your life and reduce stress調整你的生活以及減輕壓力We have too many people and things that drain our energy, destroy our dreams, affect every facet of our lives a

34、nd make us miserable. A drastic change can help you declutter your life and get rid of anything and anyone that bring stress and misery into your life.It is a hard process and sometimes it seems impossible to remove those you have known for ages from your life for good.在我們的生活中會遇到很多人和事，他們會消耗我們的精力，破壞我

35、們的夢想，影響我們生活的方方面面以及讓我們很痛苦。一個重大的改變能夠幫你調整自己的生活狀態(tài)同時讓你擺脫任何給你生活帶來壓力和痛苦的人和事。那是一個艱難的過程，有時讓你永遠地忘記那些你認識了很久的人似乎是不可能的。Drastic changes leave you no choice. If you had to move to another country (or continent) that might be a sign that you need new people in your life. If he broke up with you right before your bi

36、g day, it might be better for you. Embrace any change in your life and look on the brightest side in any complicated situation. A positive attitude is one the best cures here. It is a lot easier to overcome a drastic change when you believe in a positive outcome. Just as George Bernard Shaw stated,

37、“Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything.”重大的改變讓你不能選擇。如果你遷居到了另一個國家（或者大洲）那可能是個信號意味著在你的生活中需要認識一些新的朋友。如果在你有重大活動的日子之前他和你分手了，那樣可能對你更好。去擁抱你生命中所有的改變，面對任何復雜的情形都要去看最好的一面。積極的態(tài)度是解決問題最好的方式。當你相信結果會是很樂觀的時候，戰(zhàn)勝一次重大的改變將會更加容易。正如蕭伯納所說：“沒有改變，不可能進步。那些無法改變自己想法

38、的人，什么事情也改變不了?！?3歲女孩患上侏儒癥 竟是化妝品惹的禍Manman is a 13 year old girl with a pretty face in Hankou, a city in central China's Hubei province. She had always been of an average height during growing up.曼曼是一名生活在中國中部湖北省漢口市的女孩，13歲的她容貌姣好。在成長的過程中，她一直是中等身高。But in the past two years, Manman has not grown at all

39、. After a body check at the hospital, Manma was diagnosed with dwarfism.但是在過去的兩年里，曼曼一點也沒長高。在去醫(yī)院檢查身體之后，她被診斷為侏儒癥。Surprisingly, the cause of her growth change was cosmetic products.令人吃驚的是，讓她生長發(fā)生變化的原因竟然是化妝品。13歲女孩患上侏儒癥 竟是化妝品惹的禍!Manman's mother is one of those trendy hot moms who pay a lot of attentio

40、n to the looks. Ever since Manman was five, her mother started to put make up on her and dress her like a beautiful Barbie doll.曼曼的媽媽很時髦，非常注重外表。自從曼曼5歲起，媽媽就開始給她化妝，把她打扮地像是一個漂亮的芭比娃娃。However, Manman stopped growing since two years ago and her height remained at 1.4 meters (4.5 ft). After her mother took

41、 her to the hospital, Manman was later confirmed to have a case of dwarfism.不過兩年前，曼曼不再長高，身高一直是1米4（4.5英尺）。媽媽把她帶到醫(yī)院檢查，結果卻被診斷為侏儒癥。"Manman's bone age is 16 years old and her bone epiphyseal has closed already. She probably would never grow any taller anymore," said the doctor. After commun

42、ication with Manman and her mother, the doctor concluded because she has been wearing make up since an early age, consequently an over intake of oestrogen is the major cause of Manman's dwarfism."曼曼的骨齡是16歲，骨骺已經愈合，以后可能再也不會長高了，"醫(yī)生這樣說道。在與曼曼及其媽媽交流之后，醫(yī)生推斷曼曼患侏儒癥的原因是很小的時候就開始化妝，導致雌激素的攝入量過多。The

43、 acting physician would like to remind parents that children's skin are still poor to function fully for the purpose of bodily defense, and is more sensitive than adults'. Using cosmetics at an early age can be very harmful for children in many ways.醫(yī)生警告父母，孩子的皮膚層非常薄，無法充分發(fā)揮保護身體的功能，比成人的皮膚更加敏感。

44、在很小的年齡就開始使用化妝品會對孩子造成很大的傷害。If a child grows less than 5 centimeters a year since the age 3 to puberty, parents should be alert of the situation and have the child checked at the hospital.在3歲至青春期期間，如果孩子每年長不夠5厘米，父母就應該有所警惕，要帶著孩子到醫(yī)院去做檢查。給久坐族的福利 不去健身房也瘦臀又瘦腿哦Do you think that your butt and/or thighs are to

45、o big in relation to your upper body? Do you dislike formal exercise, gym membership, and diet programs but still want to get a smaller butt and/or thighs? Consider the following steps that force you to exercise more.你有沒有覺得你的臀和（或是）大腿與你的上體相比太過寬大了？你是不是討厭正經的鍛煉、健身房辦卡以及節(jié)食計劃，可又想要瘦臀和（或）腿呢？看看下面這些步驟吧，它們能促使你更

46、多地鍛煉。Take the stairs instead of the elevator orescalator whenever possible whether in a hotel, office building, or out shopping.即使可以乘電梯或扶梯，仍選擇走樓梯，無論你在賓館、辦公大樓還是外出逛街。Ride your bicycle instead of driving your car, depending upon your destination, the weather, and safety concerns.從你的目的地、天氣和安全方面考量，用騎車代替開

47、車。Walk fast whenever you do walk, instead of walking lazily, to burn more calories. At least, vary your pace.只要是步行，就快步走來燃燒更多卡路里，而不是慢慢悠悠地走。至少，改變你的步調。When you drive, park away from the building to force you to walk a greater distance than you normally would.如果你開車了，把車停在離你要去的那棟建筑物遠一點的地方，迫使你走上比平常更長的一段距離。

48、When you could sit, stand. Try not to sit down when at home talking on the phone, playing a musical instrument, or other activities. At the office, stand during conferences and meetings.當你能坐的時候，站著。當你在家講電話、演奏樂器或是干其他事時，試著別坐著。在辦公室里，站著開會或是會談。Learn ways to exercise even when doing normal sit-down activit

49、ies such as watching television and computer. For example, hula hoop while watching TV.對于一些平常坐著完成的事，例如看電視和在電腦面前，學一些在這種時候可以鍛煉的方法。比如在看電視時轉呼啦圈。Do your housework to music. Move faster and get the chores done more quickly, all while exercising at the same time.在做家務時放音樂。行動更快，也更快地做完家務，與此同時還達到了鍛煉的目的。玩紙牌等游戲有

50、助中風患者康復!Playing simple card games, such as snap, can help stroke patients with their recovery, say Canadian researchers. Playing Jenga, bingo or a games consol like Wii worked equally well.加拿大的研究人員近日表示，多玩兒像Snap這樣的紙牌游戲有助于中風病人的康復。玩兒層層疊，賓果游戲或者Wii這樣的體感游戲機也有同樣的好處。They told the Lancet Neurology that the t

51、ype of task used for motor rehabilitation might be less relevant, as long as it is intensive, repetitive and gets the hands and arms moving.研究人員接受柳葉刀神經病學雜志采訪時表示，采用何種恢復方法不是最重要的，重要的是這種方法要有足夠的強度，適合反復進行，令病人的手臂和雙手得到運動。The researchers designed their study to test whether virtual reality gaming, which is i

52、ncreasingly being employed as a rehab therapy for stroke patients, is any better than more traditional games for honing upper limb motor skills.虛擬現(xiàn)實游戲在恢復病人上肢運動能力的過程中愈發(fā)常見，研究人員設計了一項實驗，來評判虛擬現(xiàn)實游戲和傳統(tǒng)游戲各自的治療效果。神奇!玩紙牌等游戲有助中風患者康復!The Canadian team recruited 141 patients who had recently suffered a stroke, and now had some impaired movement in one or both of their hands and arms.這個加拿大的研究團隊招募了141位最近患上中風的病人，其中一些病人的某只手，某只手臂或者雙手雙臂直到如今仍存在行動障礙。Approximately half of the patients, at random, were then allocated to the Wii rehab, while the r