完整word版高中英語代詞講解與練習(xí)附答案

1、 代詞 代詞可以分為下列九類1 人稱代詞2 物主代詞3 反身代詞4. 相互代詞5. 指示代詞 6. 疑問代詞7. 關(guān)系代詞8. 連接代詞9 不定代詞 一 人稱代詞英語中主要有以下這些人稱代詞： 數(shù) 格 人稱 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 一 二 三 一 二 三 主格 I you he, she, it we you they 賓格 me you him, her, it us you them 人稱代詞做主語時(shí)用主格，做賓語時(shí)用賓格。 在作表語時(shí)，用賓格較多，例如：Who is knocking at the door? - It's me. 但在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中卻常用主格：It is I that who

2、will love you from beginning to end. 在使用人稱代詞時(shí)有下面幾點(diǎn)值得注意： 1）she可以用來代表國(guó)家，船只，大地，月亮等。 e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do. 2) 在并列的主語中，I總放在最后。e.g. Mary and I will be in charge of the case. You,she and I ,who are all good friends,should love one another from the bottom of our heart forever

3、. 3) 第三人稱，男女兩性并用時(shí)，男先女后。e.g. He and she still don't agree to the plan. 二 物主代詞英語中主要有下列這些物主代詞： 類型 詞義 我的 你的 他（她，它）的 我們的 你們的 他們的 形容詞性物主代詞 my your His, her, its our your their 名詞性物主代詞 mine yours His, hers, its ours yours theirs 1. 形容詞性的物主代詞只能作定語，如I am going to my home village to see my parents this we

4、ekend. 2. 名詞性的物主代詞可以作：（注：形代具名名代，形代在句中其后必有具體的名詞。） 1) 主語 Ours is a big family. 2）賓語The life in your country is quite different from ours. 3）表語Whose dictionary is this? -it's mine. 4） “of +名詞性物主代詞”可用作定語 That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is . 三 反身代詞 單數(shù) myself 這些詞可用來：yourself himself

5、 herself Itself 復(fù)數(shù) ourselves yourselves themselves (注：主賓一致的情況下往往用反身代詞充當(dāng)賓語。) 11） 作賓語I can't express myself in English. 2) 作表語I am not quite myself these days. 3）作主語或賓語的同位語The theory itself is all right. 在作同位語時(shí)，自身代詞常譯作“本人”或“親自” They must make investigation themselves.他們必須親自作調(diào)查。 與by oneself較難區(qū)分 by

6、oneself 譯為“一個(gè)人干（不要?jiǎng)e人幫助）” They made the machine all by themselves. 這機(jī)器完全是他們自己制造的。 2自身代詞常和某些動(dòng)詞連用 enjoy oneself, behave oneself(使自己舉止良好),help yourself to sth. 請(qǐng)吃點(diǎn).Come to oneself蘇醒 3常與某些介詞連用 by oneself 一個(gè)人做（不要?jiǎng)e人幫助） for oneself替自己，自己 He has a right to decide for himself. 他有權(quán)自己決定。 in oneself 本身 This is n

7、ot a bad idea in itself. 這主意本身并不錯(cuò)。 to oneself供自己用 She had a room to herself. 她自己住一間房。 四 相互代詞 One another與each other由于表示相互關(guān)系，稱為相互代詞，兩者的用法是差不多的。 We can help one another (each other). We are eager to learn from each other. 五 指示代詞 有this, that, these, those. 注意： 1 前面剛提到的東西，英語中常用that (或those)表示。 e.g. We h

8、ave no time to do it. That's our trouble. The umbrella you bought yesterday is cheaper than that I bought a moment ago. 1 Generally speaking,the weather in the south is warmer than that in the north. (注：that指代可單the one，亦可指代抽象的不可數(shù)名詞。) 2. 指下面要談到的事物時(shí)，常用this, 表示。 I want to know this: has John been h

9、ere? 3 those在下面的這種類型的句子里常出現(xiàn)，表示人們或東西（后面多有一定定語修飾） Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed. The students in Class 1 are more active than those in Class 2. .(注：those指代可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)the ones。) 六 疑問代詞 有who, whom, whose, what, which都是來構(gòu)成特殊問句的。Who通常做主語和表語，whom做賓語。 1 what, who 一般來

10、說，what 問的是職業(yè)或地位，who問的是姓名。 -What was her husband? - He was a lawyer. 比較 - who was her husband? - He was John Smith, the son of a famous writer. 2 which, what Which用于已知情況的選擇，其后可以跟of, 而what用于未知情況的疑問，其后不能跟of. What fruit do you like best? Which do you like better, oranges or apples? 3 在以這類代詞做主語時(shí)，后面的動(dòng)詞可以用

11、復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可以用單數(shù)形式，要看所代表的人或物是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)來決定。e.g. Who live(s) in this room? 如果不清楚代表的東西是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)，則動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。 -What's there on the desk? - There're some books on it. 七.連接代詞：疑問代詞都可以用作連接代詞，來引起主語從句，賓語從句和表語從句。（注：不管何種從句我們的原則是“缺什么補(bǔ)什么”且語序要用陳述語序，即引導(dǎo)詞位于句首其后的語序用主謂系結(jié)構(gòu)，that只有引導(dǎo)定語從句才在定從中充當(dāng)句子成分其它任何情況下均不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起引導(dǎo)詞的作用，若“

12、句意完整無疑問”我們用that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，若含“是否之意又不缺句子成分”用ifwhether引導(dǎo)名從）。 Whether they win or lose is all the same to me. What I really care about is whether it works or not. That china is a great socialist country is well known. The idea that the earth is round is not a new one. I didnt know what had happened until h

13、e told me the news. After 5 hoursdrive,they got to what they thought was the place they had been dreaming of. When will the person who you think is up to the task come to work? How he worked it out is still a secret. 代詞what有時(shí)可以用來表示the thing which這種意思。 We should never pretend to know what we don'

14、t know. 2 who(m), which, what等可以和ever構(gòu)成合成詞，和前面所提到的疑問代詞一樣，引導(dǎo)名從。 whatever=anythingeverything that或any , whichever (=anyone whoanything that)whoever (=anyone who) , whomever (=anyone whom)whosever(anyone whose) 等可用于引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。這類引導(dǎo)詞均相當(dāng)于“先行詞關(guān)系代詞”，沒有疑問語氣，但沒有ever的引導(dǎo)詞which, who等卻依含有疑問意味。如： The poor young man i

15、s ready to accept whatever (=any) help he can get. 那個(gè)年青人意愿接受能得到的任何幫助。 Whoever (=Anyone who) comes will be welcome. 任何人來都?xì)g迎。 This kind of book is of great help to whoever wants to do the job. 你們之中誰想要，我就給誰。 You should give it back to whosever(anyone whose)name is on the cover of the book. 注：這類詞也可引導(dǎo)狀語從

16、句，可用“no matter+疑問詞”替換，“no matter+疑問詞”只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句且用逗號(hào)和主句隔開。如： Whoever (=No matter who) you are, you can't pass this way. 不管你是誰，你都不能從這里通過. will come to help with my English hasnt been decided. A .No matter who B.Whoever C.Whatever D.Who 案D只有D帶有疑問口氣. 八 不定代詞： 英語中有下面這些不定代詞：all, each, every, both, eithe

17、r, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no.以及一些復(fù)合不定代詞，如：anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everything, nobody, nothing. 1.some, any和no的用法 1). some /any+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞 2). some用于肯定句或期待肯定應(yīng)答的疑問句。any用于疑問句或否定句，在肯定句中表示“任何一個(gè)” Would you like s

18、ome tea? You can ask me if you have any questions. 2 + the + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)3). some of +代詞賓格復(fù)數(shù)I know some of them, but not all. 系列詞表任何之意時(shí)可用在肯定句，如：Anything may happen in the world, which is commen （注：當(dāng)any及any in our real life.）no=not a/not any /不可數(shù)名詞 4). no+可數(shù)名詞( I have not a car.) I have no car. We had no bre

19、ad for breakfast. (We had not any bread for breakfast.) Exercise : Fill in the blanks with some, any or no any some 1). I asked her for _ paper, but she didn't have _.some 2). Would you like to have _ bananas? Yes, I'd like to. no 3). Lucy has _ bike and she often rides her sister's bike

20、.Some 4). _ of the plants grow well. no 5). There is _ air on the moon. There isn't _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me? some; any A Dsome; some Bany; any CAany; some 2.few, a few, little, a little的用法： 詞類目 義 含 語 氣 修飾或代替的名詞 few 很少幾個(gè) 否定 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞a few 有幾個(gè) 肯定 復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞little 很少，不多 否定 不可數(shù)名詞a

21、little 有一點(diǎn) 肯定 不可數(shù)名詞Exercise: our class.(改錯(cuò)) a little-a few 1). I have a little good friends in A B C D 2). There is little water in the bottle, _ _? (補(bǔ)全反意疑問句) is there 3)There is _ water here; but there are quite _ empty glasses. Alittle; a few Bfew; little Cfew; a few Dlittle; a little A 4). Kate i

22、s a nice girl. She says _ but do much. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little c 3.some，any, no, every與-thing，-body，-one構(gòu)成的合成詞的用法 some，any與-thing，-body，-one構(gòu)成的合成詞的用法與some，any一樣。 something, somebody和someone用于肯定句 anything, anybody和anyone用于否定句或疑問句 注意： 1).這些代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。如：Everything is hard at the b

23、eginning. 2). something，anything，nothing三者跟形容詞時(shí),形容詞要放在它們的后面。 Be quiet! I have _ to tell you. Aimportant anything Banything important Cimportant something Dsomething important D 4.both和all的用法： 1). both “兩者都 ” ；all “三者或以上都” 2). both+名詞復(fù)數(shù) Both suggestions are good. both of +代詞賓格復(fù)數(shù) Both of my parents ar

24、e healthy. both of + the+名詞復(fù)數(shù) 3). all + the+名詞復(fù)數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞All the oil has been used up. all of +代詞賓格復(fù)數(shù) All of them go to the movies. all of + the+名詞復(fù)數(shù) All of the windows are open. 5.both, either和neither的用法： both：指兩者都，肯定。后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 either：指兩者中的任意一個(gè)。后面的名詞要用單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 neither：指兩者中沒有一個(gè)，全否定。后面的名詞要用單

25、數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如: My brother and I saw 2 movies last night,neither of which was interesting. bothand 作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式. either or “不是就是; 或者或者”. 連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí),謂語堅(jiān)持就近原則 neithernor “既不又不 Exercise: 1).Both Li Ping and I _ (be) students. are 3 2).Neither Li Ping nor I _ (be) a student. am 3).Either this answer o

26、r that answer _ (be) correct. is 4).Both (of them) _ (enjoy) the rice. enjoy 5). They were all asleep. _ of them heard the sound. A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither c 6).-May I use your pen? -Yes, here are two and you can use _ of them. A. both B. every C. any D. either d 7). Which do you prefer, a b

27、ottle of orange or a bottle of milk ? _, thanks. I'd just like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None b 8)There are some trees on _ side of the street. Aboth Ball CEither DeveryC 6.each和every的用法： 1).each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體(指一定數(shù)目的兩者或兩者以上，可作主語、賓語、定語、同位語。做主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。) every強(qiáng)調(diào)“全體”,只能作定語(后面必須跟著名詞，指不定數(shù)目中的

28、每一個(gè))。 Each boy and each girl works hard every day in order to enter the dreamy college。 Each side of the street has a lot of trees. Every man is not honest.并非每個(gè)人都誠(chéng)實(shí)。Not every man is honest. On _ side of the street there are shops and restaurants. each On _ side of the square there are tall buildings

29、. Each/every 3). every還可以表示“每隔的；每中的” Every year or two每一兩年every other day每隔一天 4). and連接的并列單數(shù)主語之前如果分別由each, every, no修飾時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。 In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. Exercise: 1). - How often are the Olympic Games held? - _ four years. A. Every B. Each C. I

30、n D. For A 2). There are many trees on _ side of the street. A. all B. every C. neither D. each d 3). _ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in the dictionary AEach; every BEvery; each CEach; each DEvery; every a 4).There are lots of English books here, and _ of them is easy

31、to understand. Aboth Ball Cevery Deach D 5)_ of them has a dictionary and _ one of them can look up words in the dictionary. AEach; every BEvery; each CEach; each DEvery; every A 改錯(cuò)： 1). I gave a present to every of her parents . every改each 2). There are lots of English books here, and every of them

32、 is easy to understand. every改each 7.one, (the) other , (the) others和another的用法 1). one:一個(gè), 代指前面出現(xiàn)過的同類可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)為ones。 經(jīng)常指三者或三者以上中的另一個(gè)，意思是“另外一個(gè)表在原有基礎(chǔ)上的又，再”，2). another是泛指。I don't like this coat. Show me another, please. another +數(shù)字+復(fù)數(shù)名詞：另外幾個(gè) We need another 3 plates. 3).other表示“另外的”，只作定語;other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)

33、=others (沒有范圍限定） 當(dāng)other 前 no, any, some 等詞時(shí)，可接單數(shù)形式。 e.g. any other plant, some other day(改天)，no other choice. 4).the other,兩者中的另一個(gè)。常與one連用，構(gòu)成onethe other (一個(gè)。另一個(gè)) 5).others泛指別的人或物，是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，泛指別的人或物（但不是全部，全部是“the others”）e.g. some others 6).the others特指其余的人或物,是the other的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Exercise: 用another和oth

34、er、others 1). Lei Feng is always ready to help _. others 2). Some are planting trees, some are carrying water, and _ are watering the trees . others 3). I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red , the _ are blue. others 4). She held a pen in one hand and his notebook in the _. other 5). I have rea

35、d three stories. I'll go on to read _. Others/another 6). Can I have _ three cakes? another 7). The red T-shirts are more expensive than the white _. One These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me _ one. Aother Bothers Cthe others Danother D There are twenty teachers in this gradeEight

36、of them are women teachers and _ are men teachers. Athe otherBthe others Cothers Dother B 8. none, no one, nothing的用法區(qū)別 4 1).no one=nobody 只能指人，但不具體指什么人。不與of連用； 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)； 表示“什么人也沒有”，一般用來回答who,及含anyone, anybody引起的疑問句。 No one like a person with bad manners. Who is in the room?No one. Is there anyone in

37、 the room?No one. 2).none(一個(gè)都沒有，一點(diǎn)都沒有，強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量) 可與of連用，具體指什么人或物； 謂語動(dòng)詞用單或復(fù)數(shù)； 指的是三者或三者以上的人或物中沒有一個(gè)“, 代指上文提到的事物，含特指概念。暗示一種數(shù)量，即指數(shù)量上“一個(gè)也沒有”。一般用來回答how many +n, how much +n及含any +n引起的疑問句。請(qǐng)看： None of us have/has seen him. He wants me to lend him some money, but I have none at hand.（特指前面提到的錢） How many students ar

38、e there in the room? None. How much money do you have on you? None. Is there any water in the bottle? None. 3).nothing 指物,泛指；謂語用單數(shù)；強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容。 一般用來回答含anything的一般問句及what引起的特殊問句。 He felt hungry, but he could find nothing to eat in the kitchen.（泛指所有吃的東西，不是特指某一種） What is in the box? Nothing. Is there anything

39、 in the sky? Nothing. Can you see anything without glasses? Nothing. 下面的順口溜將幫你記得更清楚。 No one與none好分辨。/具體人，物把none填。 不知何人與何物，/No one， nothing是一路。 No one人nothing物，/保你不會(huì)出錯(cuò)誤。 Exercise : 1.There is _ in the room. no one 2._ of the students is afraid of difficulties . None 3. -How many fish did you catch? N

40、one -_. 4.-Who is in the classroom? -_. No one=Nobody They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest. Aany BSome Cnone Dneither C 9. 全部否定和部分否定 1）.All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 和every加名詞都表示全部肯定，no one, none, nobody, nothing, notany 和no +名詞都表示全部否定；但當(dāng)not出現(xiàn)在含有表示全部肯定的不定代詞的

41、句子中，不管not在他們之前還是之后都表示部分否定； e.g. Both of them haven't read this story. (not在后) 他們兩人并沒有都看過這個(gè)故事。 only one of them has read this story. All bamboo doesn't grow tall=not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有竹子都長(zhǎng)得高。 全部否定的例子：all of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. 2） 總括性副詞如ever

42、ywhere, always, altogether, wholly和not連用時(shí)，也表示部分否定。 Such a thing can't be found everywhere. 這種事并非到處可見。（部分否定） Such a thing can be found nowhere.這種事什么地方也見不到。（全否） It作代詞時(shí)一般替代前面提到的同一事物，可以代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，也可以代替不可數(shù)名詞。 ONE 用來代替同類事物中的一個(gè)，只可代替可數(shù)名詞，表示同類泛指，復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones，有時(shí)one 可以有修飾詞。 THAT 用來代替同類事物中的特指的一個(gè)，表示同類特指，即可代替單數(shù)名詞（

43、替代可數(shù)名詞用those）也可替代不可數(shù)名詞。其代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí)相當(dāng)于the one . Key: 18ADDDDACC 代詞it的用法 （一） it的用法主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：作為人稱代詞的it，先行代詞的it，非人稱代詞的it以及強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的it和it的一些習(xí)慣用法。 1. it指代前文出現(xiàn)的同一事物、群體、經(jīng)驗(yàn)、活動(dòng)等?？梢源嬉粋€(gè)詞、詞組或整個(gè)句子，以免重復(fù)。 That wasn't where you had dinner，was it？ 5 If you remember these points，it will help you. I love running. It

44、keeps me fit. it也可指代嬰孩或姓名性別不詳?shù)娜恕?Do you hear a baby crying？Something must have hurt it. Who is making so much noise？It must be the children. Somebody is knocking at the door. I don't know who it is. Who is it? 未見具體人，不同于Who is that ？見到具體某人，但不相識(shí)。 2. it用作非人稱代詞的主語，表示氣候、天氣、溫度、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、距離等或虛指的情境。 It'

45、s Sunday tomorrow,so we are all going to church. It's five miles to the nearest station from here. It was dull when Tom was away. It seems that no one would like to help you. 3. it充當(dāng)形主或形賓 It is of great help to master a foreign language. It took me a week to recite the text. I find it quite nece

46、ssary to make some changes. 代指動(dòng)名詞，可作形式主語或形式賓語，常用在下列句型中 It is no good（no use，useless）動(dòng)名詞It is no usegood crying over spilt milk. It is a waste動(dòng)名詞It is a waste of time arguing with them on this matter. 代指名詞性從句 She wants to make it clear whether you still love her or not. It is not known what caused th

47、e accident. It is true that age doesnt always bring wisdom. 4. 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中It is（was）被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（主語、賓語或狀語）that（who）。it無任何指代關(guān)系，也無實(shí)義。 It is I who（that）will love you from beginning to end. It was in Shanghai that I first met Jack. It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to downtown yesterday. （二）

48、研究一下近年來的高考試卷可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，含 it 的句型幾乎年年考到?？梢?it 句型的重要性和使用的普遍性?，F(xiàn)根據(jù)其用法特點(diǎn)可歸納為下列幾個(gè)句型。 1. It is被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that 該句型是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。將被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that 之后。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是主語，賓語，表語或狀語。強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語如果是人，that 可以由 who 換用。如果把這種句型結(jié)構(gòu)劃掉后，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)完整無缺的句子。這也是判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與其它從句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was mad

49、e. It was they that（who）cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. 2. It is not until被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that 該句型也是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。主要用于強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語，譯成漢語 “直到才”，可以說是 not until 的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. Not until she took off her

50、 dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 3. It is a pity（a shame ）that 該句型中，that 后的從句一般用虛擬語氣（should動(dòng)詞原形），should 可省去. 表示出乎意料，常譯為“竟然”。沒有這種意義時(shí)，則不用虛擬語氣。 It is a pity that such a thing（should）happen in you

51、r class. 6 4. It is time（about time , high time）that 該句型中that 后的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，值得注意的是 常用過去時(shí)態(tài)表示虛擬. 有時(shí)也用should動(dòng)詞原形，should 不能省。常譯為“早該的時(shí)候了”。 It is time that children should go to bed. It is time that children went to bed. 5. It is the first（second ）time that 該句型要和上一個(gè)句型區(qū)別開來。該句型中的 that 從句不用虛擬語氣，而用完成時(shí)態(tài)。至于用什么完成時(shí)

52、態(tài)，由主句的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；如果是一般過去時(shí)，后面從句則用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中 that 可以省去；it 有時(shí)用 this 替換，常譯為“是第一（二）次”。 It is the first time that I have been late this term. It was not the first time that the boy had made such a mistake. 6. It is has been since 該句型主要用作處理瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)，又要和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用的問題。主句中是時(shí)間作表語，其時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)

53、或完成時(shí)，since 引導(dǎo)的從句通常是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，而且是瞬間動(dòng)詞。如果主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句則用過去完成時(shí)。 It is（has been）5 years since his father died. 7. It is when 該句型中的 when 引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，主句中的 it 指時(shí)間，表語由具體的時(shí)間充當(dāng)。常譯為“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候，是”。 It was 5 o'clock when he came here. 8. It be before It will be before 再過才會(huì) It wont be long before 不久就會(huì) It was before 過了多久才 It wasnt long before 沒過多久就 It wont be long before the village takes on an entire