職稱英語A級復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)實(shí)務(wù)知識

1、 【經(jīng)典資料，文檔，可編輯修改】 【經(jīng)典考試資料，答案附后，看后必過，文檔，可修改】 1、Why So Many Children? （綜合A） 為什么有這么多的孩子 In many of the developing countries in Africa and Asia , the population is growing fast . The reason for this is simple : Women in these countries have a high birth rate from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman . The major

2、ity of these women are poor , without the food or resources to care for their families ? The answer may be that they often have no choice . There are several reasons for this . ? One reason is economic . In a traditional agricultural economy , large families are helpful . Having more children means

3、having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents 1. In an industrial economy, the situation is different. Many children , do not help a in old agebirth generally brought down the are an expense. Thus, industrialization has family; instead, they early the and rapidly. In indu

4、strialized in Italy, which was quite recently This rate. was the case rate. birth a high poor, a largely agricultural country with part of the twentieth century, Italy was After World War, Italy's economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. By the end of the century, the birth rate had dr

5、opped to 1. 3 children per woman, the world's lowest. Arabia, rate. Saudi factor that influences birth the However, the economy is not only important for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. Nevertheless, it also has

6、a very high birth rate(7.0). Mexico and Indonesia, on the other hand, are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they have recently reduced their population growth. Clearly, other factors are involved. The most important of these is the condition of women. A 2 This always goes toge

7、ther with lack of education and low status for women.birth rate high almost little women the There, traditional culture gives of the would explain high birth rate Saudi Arabia. education or independence and few possibilities outside the home. On the other hand, the improved condition of women in Mex

8、ico, Thailand, and Indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. Their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women. Another key factor in the birth rate is birth control. Women may want to limit their families but have no way to do so. In

9、 countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down. This is the case in Singapore, Sri Lanka, and India, as well as in Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, and Brazil. In these countries, women have also been provided with health care and help i

10、n planning their families. depend to have not does growth population reduce to program effective an that show trends These It can be effective if it aims to help women and meet their needs.on better economic conditionsOnly then, in fact, does it have any real chance of success.練習(xí)In a traditional agr

11、icultural economy, a large family_.1.A. can be an advantage2. When countries become industrialized, _.B. the birth rate generally goes down3. According to this passage, Italy today is an example of an _.C. industrialized country with a low birth rate_.4. Saudi Arabia is mentioned in the passage beca

12、use it shows thatB. factors other than the economy influence birth rate5. In Mexico, Thailand, and Indonesia, the government _.D. has tried to improve the condition of women接近Escap逃脫（綜NarroWe had left the hut too late that morning. When we stepped outside, the sky beyond the mountains to our east1It

13、 meant the day would be a hot one, and the warmth would loosen rocks that werewas already livid with colourgripped by ice.As soon as we stepped out on to the face, it became obvious this was going to be an awkward route. The mainproblem was talus, the debris that collects on mountainsides. Talus is

14、despised by mountaineers for two reasons. First,because it can easily be pushed off on to you by people climbing above. And second, because it makes every step youtake insecure.For about 30 minutes we moved steadily up the face. The rock was in poor condition, shattered horizontally anddrawerlikeame

15、,wouldofit,itpullouttowardsblockonmyselftoIcracks.mazedwithWhentriedhaulupa. Then came a shout. Cailloux! Cailloux! I heard yelledopening. My hands became progressively wetter and coldefrom above, in a female voice. The words echoed down towards us. I looked up to see where they had come from.There

16、were just two rocks at first, leaping and bounding down the face towards us, once cannoning off each otherin mid-air. And then the air above suddenly seemed alive with falling rocks, humming through the air and filling itwith noise. Crack, went each one as it leapt off the rock face, then hum-hum-hu

17、m as it moved through the air, thencrack again. The pause between the cracks lengthened each time, as the rocks gained momentum and jumped furtherand further. I continued to gaze up at the rocks as they fell and skipped towards me. A boy who had been a few yearsabove me at school had taught me never

18、 to look up during a rock fall. Why? Because a rock in your face is far lesspleasant than a rock on your helmet, he told us. Face in, always face in. I heard Toby, my partner on the mountain that day, shouting at me. I looked across. He was safe beneath an overhanging canopy of rock. I could not und

19、erstand him. Then I felt a thump, and was tugged backwards and round, as though somebody had clamped a heavy hand on my shoulder and turned me to face them. A rock had hit the lid of my rucksack. ? I looked up again. A rock was heading down straight towards me. Instinctively, I leant backwards and a

20、rched my back out from the rock to try to protect my chest. What about my fingers, though, I thought: they'll be crushed flat if it hits them, and I'll never get down. Then I heard a crack directly in front of me, and a tug at my trousers, and a yell from Toby.Are you all right? That went st

21、raight through you.The rock had pitched in front of me, and passed through the hoop of my body, between my legs, missing me but snatching at my clothing as it went. Toby and I had spent the evening?talking through the events of the morning: what if the big final stone hadn't leapt sideways, what

22、 if I'd been knocked off, would you have held me, would I have pulled you off? A more experienced mountaineer would probably have thought nothing of it. I knew I would not forget it. 練習(xí)： 1. Why was it “too late” by the time they left the hut in the morning? C) Rocks loosened by melting ice could

23、 be dangerous. 2. The first reason given to explain why mountaineers hate talus is_. A) that climbers above you might cause it to fall on you 3. What is likely to be the meaning of Cailloux? B) Rocks are falling. 4. What is sarcastic in the words of the boy in paragraph four? D) Being hit by a rock

24、isn't pleasant at all. 5. In what sense was Toby safe? A) The overhanging rock would protect him from falling rocks. 3、To Have and Have Not（綜合A） It had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. 1 Having nothing better to do，F(xiàn)olding th

25、em into small planes to see whose would fly the furthest.I joined in and won five，and then took the opportunity to escape with my profit. Despite the evil-looking clouds，I had to get out for a while. I headed for a shop on the other side of the street. Unlike the others，it didn't have a sign sho

26、uting its name and business，and instead of the usual impersonal modern lighting，there was an appealing glow inside. Strangely nothing I went inside. ，was displayed in the window. Not put off by thisIt took my breath away. I didn't know where to look, where to start. On one wall there hung three

27、hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster guitar , also in excellent condition. A card pushed between the strings said $50. I ran my hand along

28、 a long shelf of records, reading their titles. And there was more. “Can I help you？” She startled me. I hadn't even seen the woman behind the counter come in. The way she looked at me, so directly and with such power. It was a look of such intensity that for a moment I felt as if I were wrapped

29、 in some kind of magnetic or electrical field. I found it hard to take and almost turned away. But though it was uncomfortable. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her. Besides amusement her expression

30、showed sympathy. It was impossible to tell her age；she reminded me faintly of my grandmother because, although her eyes were friendly, I could see that she was not a woman to fall out with. I spoke at last. 'I was just looking really,' I said, though secretly wondering how much of the stuff

31、I could cram into the bus. The woman turned away and went at once towards a back room, indicating that I should follow her. But it in no way lived up to the first room. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung from the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadow

32、s over everything. There were no rare electric guitars, no old necklaces, no hand-painted boxes with delicate flowers. It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers. I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded,

33、making their titles impossible to read. 'They look interesting,' I said, with some hesitation. 'To be able to understand that kind of writing you must first have had a similar experience,' she said clearly. She noted the confused look on my face, but didn't add anything. She reac

34、hed up for a small book which she handed to me. 'This is the best book I can give you at the moment,' she laughed. “If you use it.” I opened the book to find it full. or rather empty, with blank white pages, but paid her the few dollars she asked for it, becoming embarrassed when I realised

35、the notes were still folded into little paper planes. I put the book in my pocket, thanked her and left. 練習(xí)： 1. Why did the writer want to leave the hotel? B)To have a change of scene. 2. What attracted the writer to the shop? D)The light coming from inside. 3. The writer found the stock in the fron

36、t of the shop_. A)of top quality What was unusual about the way the woman looked at him? 4.C)She seemed to know him well. 5. The writer disliked the back room because_. C)he saw nothing he really liked 4、Going Her Own Way（綜合A） When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the co

37、urse of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education, Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school，though some attended private Catholic inishing schools. There they learned a little about music，art，needlework，and how to make polite conversation. T

38、his was not the sort of education that interested Maria or her mother. By this time，she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark. Maria knew that she wante

39、d to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school，something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time，there were two types of high schools: the classical schools and the echnical schools. In the classical schools，the students followed a very traditional program of

40、 studies，with 1. The few girls who continued ，and Italian literature and historycourses in Latin and Greek language and literaturestudying after primary school usually chose these schools. Maria，however，wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modem than the classical 2.M

41、ost people accounting ，mathematics，science，and offered schools and they courses in modern languagesincluding Maria's father believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore，they did not think it was proper for girls to study them. Maria did not care if it was pro

42、per or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school，she had to win her father' sapproval. She finally did，with her mother's help，though for many years after，there was tension in the family. Maria's father continue

43、d to oppose her plans，while her mother helped her. In 1883，at age thirteen，Maria entered the Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects，the teaching methods were very traditional. Lea

44、rning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding，discipline in the classroom was strict，and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or w

45、ere disobedient. 練習(xí): 1. Maria wanted to attend_. C)technical high school 2. In those days, most Italian girls_. C)did not go to high school 3. You can infer from this passage that_. B)only boys usually attended technical schools 4. Maria's father probably_. B)had very traditional views about wom

46、en 5. High school teachers in Italy In those days were_. D)quite strict 5、Pop Music in Africa（綜合A） Young musicians in African countries are creating a new kind of pop music. The tunes and the rhythms of their music combine African traditions with various forms of music popular today, such as hip-hop

47、, rap, rock, jazz, or reggae. The result is music that may sound familiar to listeners anywhere in the world, but at the same time is distinctly African. It is different also in another way: Many of the songs are very serious and they deal with important social or political issues in Africa today. E

48、ric Wainaina is one of these African musicians. He grew up in Nairobi, Kenya, in a family of musicians. As a teenager, he listened to pop music from the United States, and later he moved to Boston to study at the Berklee College of Music. Now he has produced a CD in Kenya. Eric's most popular so

49、ng, Land of A Little Something'” is about Kenya's problem of bribery, or paying others for illegal favors. He wants people to listen to his songs and think about how to make Kenya a better place to live. Another musician who writes serious songs is Witness Mwaijaga from Tanzania. Her own exp

50、eriences have helped her understand the suffering of many African women. At the age of fifteen she lost her home, but she was luckier than other homeless young people. She could make a living by writing songs and singing on the street. By the time she was eighteen years old, she had become a star. H

51、er songs are written in rap or hip-hop style about the 1. problems that she sees in Tanzania, especially AIDS and the lack of rights for womenBaaba Maal, from Senegal, also feels that pop music must go beyond entertainment. He says that in Senegal, storytellers have always been important people. In

52、the past, they were the ones who kept the history of their people alive. Baaba believes that songwriters now have a similar responsibility. They must write about the world around them and help people understand how it could be better. The words of his songs are important, in fact. They speak of peac

53、e 2. and cooperation among Africans, as well as the rights of women, love for one' s family, and saving the environmentOne of South Africa's most popular musicians is Brenda Fassie. She is sometimes compared to Madonna, the American pop star, because she likes to shock people in her shows. B

54、ut she also likes to make people think. She became famous in the 1980s for her simple pop songs against apartheid. Now that apartheid has ended, her songs are about other issues in South African culture and life. To sing about these, she uses local African languages and a new pop style called kwaito

55、. In recent years, people outside of Africa have also begun to listen to these young musicians. Through music, the younger generation of Africans are connecting with the rest of the world and, at the same time, influencing the rest of the world. 練習(xí)： 1. This passage is about how African pop music is_

56、. B) more serious than most pop music 2. For people outside of Africa, African pop music is _. D) both familiar and different 3. The musicians mentioned in this passage all_. A) write about serious problems 4. Eric Wainaina_. C) studied music in Boston 5. Witness Mwaijaga writes about the problem of

57、 women partly because_. A) she was had a difficult life herself School Lunch （綜合A） Research has shown that over half the children in Britain who take their own lunches to school do not eat properly in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to provide meals at lunchtime. Children can choose t

58、o bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen. One shocking finding of this research is that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict standards for the preparation of school meals, which have to include one portion of fruit and one of vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like bread or pasta. Lunchboxes examined by researchers con