2020年中考英語完形填空講與練(導學案)附答案

1、第16頁共15頁2020年中考英語完形填空講與練（導學案）附答案教學目標1 .掌握本篇完形填空中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。2 .掌握完形填空的解題技巧，并能夠指出本篇完形填空中運用到的解題技巧。3 .通過完形填空高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累，及完形填空解題技巧的練習，靈活應對各種完形填空題。名師點撥*知識篇*“巧婦難為無米之炊”，在英語學習的過程中，語料的積累至關重要。對于完形填空高頻詞和長難句的梳理，能夠為我們今后的學習和提升打下良好的基礎。親愛的同學，老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句，快來看看你掌握了嗎？一、高頻詞【課前檢測學生的詞匯量儲備，以教師提問的形式進行。具體使用中可以

2、刪去詞義詞性部分，給小例句提示。并標記出學生的實際掌握情況（優(yōu)一良一差）】單詞詞性及詞義示例備注掌握情況surprisen. 1）驚喜2）驚訝Mum s ChristmasSurprise同義詞：amaze;astonish相關詞：surprised;surprisingv.使驚奇What surprised me most was that they got married soon.dropv.1）落卜2）放下3）降低4）中途卸客Molly ran back home and dropped her schoolbag on the sofa.ordern. 1）次序2）命令Order F

3、orm3）訂單4）點菜May I take your order?v.1）命令2）訂購，點菜The officer ordered them to fire.formn.1）表格2）種類Order Formv.組成excitedlyadv.激動地said excitedly 相關詞:excite; excited;excitement 等walkn.散步He always walks her home. walk a dogv.1）走2）護送 走3）遛savev.1）救助2）攢錢save one' s lifes;ave money同義詞：rescuetearn.眼淚the order

4、 form torn from the catalog（商品目錄）tear tore - tornv. mpassv.1）路過2）遞3）及格4）時間流逝passed a stamp to herrealizev.1）意識到2）實現(xiàn)I didn reatizeuntil realize one' s dreamremindv.提醒；使想起handn.1）手2）幫忙give sb. a handv.交；遞She handed me the letter.lonelyadj.孤獨的；偏僻 的a lonely island相關詞:alone;lonelinessdesignn/v.設計desi

5、gn a carcheckv.檢查check one ' s worksetv. 1）放置2）擺放餐具set the tablebookn.書book a flight to Beijing同義詞：reservev.淘宗pull up停車He pulled up at the traffic lightmake one ' s way to向走去Mr. Smith making his way to the doorlight up1）喜形于色2）Her eyes lit up when shelight lit lit照亮saw the gloves.長、長難句【課前檢測學生

6、的句型儲備，以教師提問的形式進行?？梢愿鶕?jù)提示分析句子結構完成句子翻譯?！?. Molly didn ' t realize how white Mr. Smith beard waS ustil that moment.結構分析：本句含有“notuntil結構,表示“直到 才”句子翻譯：直到那一刻 Molly才意識到Smith先生的胡子是多么的白。仿句練習：直到我做了班長，我才意識到團隊合作是多么重要。I did not realize the importance of teamwork until I became the monitor of our class.2. Comi

7、ng home from school every day, Molly peeked at（偷看）Dad結構分析：本句含有“V-ing做狀語”的結構，可以轉換為when引導的時間狀語從句：When she camehome from school every day, Molly peeked at（偷看）Dad句子翻譯：每天從學?；貋恚琈olly都會偷偷地看看爸爸仿句練習：昨天在街上走著的時候，我遇到了一位老朋友。When I was walking on the street yesterday, I met an old friend of mine.Walking on the st

8、reet yesterday, I met an old friend of mine.3. From the window they saw Mr. Smith making his way to the door, with a box in his hand.結構分析：本句含有“see sb. doing sth”的結構，表示“看到某人正在做某事"和"with+賓語+介詞短語”的結構，表示伴隨的狀態(tài)。句子翻譯：透過窗戶，他們看到Mr. Smith手里拿著一個盒子向他家的房門走來。仿句練習：老師手里拿著書走進來。The teacher came in , with a

9、book in his hand.4. It was Christmas that no one would ever forget.結構分析：本句含有“it is本as that”強調句型。句子翻譯：每個人都不曾忘記這個圣誕節(jié)。/正是這個圣誕節(jié)，每個人都不曾忘記。仿句練習：正是在下周我們要舉行運動會。It is next week that we will hold the sports meeting.【插練】Judy was a disabled（殘疾的）girl. She had no arms when she was born. So she had to do many thin

10、gs with her feet. There were many questions about _1_ she could live a normal life. However, her father had full confidence in _2_ . With the support of her parents and family, she became confident in herself and continued to explore across the world, with her _3_.As a child, Judy studied _4_ in her

11、 home town. When the first performance arrived, she asked herself to be put in the _5_ row. Her dance teacher told her there was no back row. Nervously, she appeared on the stage with the other students and performed 6 . When she finished, the applause（喝彩）from the audience gave her encouragement and

12、 the confidence to 7 dancing for 14 years.After graduating from high school, she attended the University of Arizona, where she got a bachelor's degree in Psychology（心理學）.When _8_ her degree, she explains that the way people think has a greater influence on her life than a physical limitation.Jud

13、y's most famous accomplishment（成就）was learning how to _9_ . She received the Guinness World Record _10 being the first person permitted to fly an airplane with only her feet.Now Judy works as a lecturer. She travels the world sharing her story and encouraging people to be creative and confident.

14、 She often says, “ Think outside the shoes.”1. A. what B. whether C. that D. why2. A. them B. us C. him D. her3. A. feet B. arms C. legs D. mouth4. A. guitar B. song C. art D. dance5. A. front B. back C. middle D. right6. A. terribly B. simply C. well D. badly7. A. stop B. continue C. start D. teach

15、8. A. talking about B. talking with C. talking to D. talking back9. A. drive B. act C. ride D. fly10. A. for B. to C. in D. with1 10、BDADB CBADA*方法篇*“方法得當，事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z料的積累，沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對于完形填空解題方法的梳理，能夠幫助我們更好地理解完形填空的命題邏輯，在有足夠語料積累的基礎上，能夠幫助我們爭取高分。親愛的同學，老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了完形填空的解題技巧，快來看看你掌握了多少？、完形填空解題步驟A步通讀全文，把握脈絡

16、跳過空格，速讀全文，把握大意。注意文中的語篇關鍵詞，和句中的連詞，如but出現(xiàn)后就說明句子強調的重點是but后面的內容；再如代詞it指代的定是前文的單數(shù)或者不可 數(shù)名詞。找到關鍵訶可以幫助我們掌握文章的大概意思及 其想要傳達的寓意。第二步瞻前顧后，上下求索聯(lián)系上卜文，運用解題策略從句子、段落、語篇層面解題，抓住文章中的上下文線索詞。【具體的解題策略會在下一部分詳細描述】第三步再讀文章，核查答案代入答案，再讀全文，反復檢查，爭取做到： 結構正確+語義通順+邏輯合理。、完形填空解題策略方法方法一：詞匯復現(xiàn)法解“詞匯復現(xiàn)”是指某一詞匯以原詞、詞形變化（如protect和protection）、同義詞

17、/近義釋tJ（如 road和trail）、反義詞（如 wrong 和 correct）、上下義詞（上下義是指詞的總結和分解關系，上義詞是總稱詞，下義詞是被包含的個體或種類。如adult是my father的上義詞； coat是 clothes的下義詞 ） 等重復出現(xiàn)在語篇之中。例題例 1: He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his, he is quitepopular with the people around him.A. abilityB. honestyC. relationshipD. kindness【分析：通過

18、上文“He is very kind and friendly to others ",由"kind"可知因為他的“善良友好”他很受歡迎。故選 D?！坷?2： The old man tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more.A. forgetfulB. unforgettable C. easy-goingD. hard-working【分析： 通過上文 “The old man tends to forget things from time to

19、 time ", 由"forget” 可知他越來越"健忘"。故選 Ao （forgetful健忘的"，unforgettable難忘的“。）】方法方法二：上下文推理法解釋“上下文推理法”是指根據(jù)對上下文的語義和整個語篇的理解,進行適當?shù)耐评砼?斷，因此需重點注意挖空處的上下文語境，判斷清楚所要表達的含義。例題例： When we talked, I discovered （發(fā)現(xiàn)）some differences in school life between the USand China. For example, each class las

20、ts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorterB. longerC. earlierD. later【分析：通過上文each class lasts fifty minutes in the US 和卜義 We usually haveforty minutes in each class.”可知美國每節(jié)課是50分鐘，中國每節(jié)課是 40分鐘，根據(jù)上下文可以推斷出美國的課時比中國的長，故選Bo

21、】方法方法三：邏輯推理法解釋“邏輯推理法”是根據(jù)文章的邏輯關系（如因果、并列、讓步、轉折、時間順序、目的、條件、選擇等）進行適當?shù)耐评砼袛?，因此需特別注意挖空處表示邏輯關系的連詞 （文 and歹U, but 和 however 表轉折，so 表因果，first of all、then 和 finally 表順序等）。例題例 1: My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he can_' t6_.6. A. badlyB. easilyC. wellD. excitedly【分析： 通過上文 "

22、 My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera " 和連詞 "_but",可以推斷出前后存在轉折關系，此處想要表達的含義是“喜歡但唱得不好”，故選Co sing方法方法四：文化背景常識法解釋“文化背景常識法”是指完形填空的文章內容往往與我們的文化生活、史地知識、 生活科技等相關，有些內容是我們已經(jīng)掌握的生活常識，答題時要充分調動相關知 識幫助我們分析、推斷。事實上，該技巧與“邏輯推斷”常常交織在一起的，因為 雖有背景常識，仍需簡單推理。需注意中外文化的差異性，不能總是用中國人看問 題的角度來看待其它國家發(fā)生的事情。例

23、題例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the1 animalsthat live on land. Only some kinds of whales （ 鯨魚）are bigger than elephants, but they live in the2.1. A. biggestB. smallestC. smallerD. bigger2. A. riverB. lakeC. seaD. forest【分析：第1題，眾所周知：大象是陸地上最大的動物，故選A. biggest o第2題，眾所周知：鯨魚

24、生活在大海里，故選C. sea。】方法方法五：固定搭配法解釋完形填空以語境考查為主， 但也有小部分題目考查語法知識、固定搭配和固定句型，解題過程中我們需要結合所學固定搭配選出正確答案。例題例 1: When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will only look at the listenerfrom time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention13what he or she is speaking13. A. forB. of

25、C. withD. to【分析：考查固te短語pay attention to注意,故選 D。例 2：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there.10. A. gotB. broughtC. boughtD. took【分析：考查固定短語“take photos拍照”，故選 D。】【插練】（2019中考選練）When I was young , my father told me that little acts of kindness may give one great happi

26、ness.Since then I have always tried to help people in 1One hot summer afternoon, I was 2 down the highway to New York when another carsuddenly 3 into my lane（車道）.My car was in the far right lane , so it ran onto the roadside. As a（n） 4 driver, I moved my car quickly and skillfully back onto the high

27、way without causing any accident.I was 5 with that driver , but I thought that he just did not pay attention to （注意）thelane change, and he 6 did not do that on purpose（故意）.The car ran away 7 after cutting me off. Very soon it disappeared from sight. After a whi le, I came around a curve（彎道）and found

28、 the 8 car. The driver was walking along the roadside. He was an elderly man and looked 9 . As there was no telephone nearby and the nearest services were twenty miles away, I decided to 10 and see what the problem was.The man ' s car had a flat tire（胎）.Although he had another tire , he had noth

29、ing to work with. I decided to 11 him. I changed the tire for him and allowed him to sit in my air-conditioned car while I did it. Fifteen minutes later , I 12 the work. I was hot and tired , but I really felt 13 after an act of kindness to the man who had earlier 14 my car run off the road.You can

30、really enjoy great 15 from kindness acts, so always lend your hands to others in trouble.1 A. needB. schoolC.dangerD. summer2 A. walkingB. ridingC. runningD. driving3 A. fellB. jumpedC. cameD. climbed4 A. newB. experie ncedC. frightenedD. cheerful5 A. unhappyB. interestedC. kindD. friendly6 A. evenB

31、. certainlyC. almostD. simply7 A. quicklyB. quietlyC. politelyD. carefully8 A. newB. redC. sameD. other9 A. excitedB. relaxedC. surprisedD. worried10 A. stayB. searchC. stopD. hide11 A.- giveB. trainC. helpD. encourage12 A. beganB. finishedC. tookD. continued13 A. goodB. sorryC. angryD. shy14 A. kep

32、tB. madeC. watchedD. heard15 A. friendshipB. successC. excitementD. happiness參考答案 1A 2D 3c 4B 5A 6B 7A 8c 9D 10C 11C 12B 13A 14B 15D*跟蹤練習*（一）話題詞數(shù)建議用時實際用時正確率難度人物故事類記敘文42512-15分鐘_/10（北京中考）Mum' s Christmas SurpriseMolly ran back home from school and dropped her schoolbag on the sofa.'岫Jink Wish

33、 BookSam，Gift StropI $Ef . g* VippkThen on the table she saw“Mum s Wisla Boaikorder catalog （商品目錄） from a gift shop. "Mum； she said excitedly to herself,“this year y-：wvthe gloves you want!" Molly had walked a dog for a neighbor and saved herall year to buy Mum the gloves.籃 Hnn”,She opened

34、 “ Mum s Wish Book " and hoped that she could find these 由山皿口：in it. Tears ran down her face when she saw the gloves in the catalog. Mum wouldn ' t buy them for herself, because the family had a 3 time on the:承印51 初Ij Gift scteirtnil:.I 卬1MmI Ch yg串陋El缶.”國困 回國3farm. She once heard Mum say t

35、o Dad,Maybe some day, I ll have the money to get them.Molly ran out by the back door and went straight to the post office. There she carefully filled out the order form torn from the catalog.“I need to buy a stamp to 4 the form. " She said to Mr. Smith, the only worker in the post office.“Umm,

36、a pair of gloves? ” saiilhMasSie passed a stamp to her.“Yes, It ' s a Christmas gift for Mum, but please don'5 t telOher. It Molly ' s ourdidn ' t realize how white Mr. Smith' s beard was until that moment. In face, he reminded her ofSanta Claus.As Molly walked back ho me, she de

37、cided to tell Dad her secret." You' ve got to check themailbox every day, " said Mo6y to Dad. He nodded, with a big smile.Coming home from school every day, Molly peeked at （偷看） Dad when Mum wasn ' _L 7_, but every time he shook his head.On Christmas Eve, Dad came back from mailbox

38、, still empty handed. Molly felt 8 when she went to bed, because she didn' t have the gloves for Mum.Before Christmas dinner, as Mum took the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began _9_ thetable. Suddenly, they heard someone pulling up the driveway. From the window they saw Mr.Smith making his w

39、ay to the door, with a box in his hand. Mr. Smith 10 Mum the box, "I believe this is yours.”Mum looked from Dad to Molly and opened the box. Her eyes lit up when she saw the gloves.Oh, who bought these for me? ” she asked.“Santa did, “ said Molly smilingly.“Ho! Ho! Ho! Merry Christmas! ” Mr. Sm

40、ith, with a loud laugh.It was Christmas that no one would ever forget.1. A. timeB. moneyC. energyD. food2. A. flowersB. sunglassesC. glovesD. chocolates3. A. hardB. lonelyC. shortD. busy4. A. designB. checkC. completeD. send5. A. secretB. choiceC. dreamD. task6. A. patientlyB. doubtfullyC. proudlyD.

41、 quietly7. A. workingB. lookingC. smilingD. talking8. A. sadB. strangeC. angryD. tired9. A. pushingB. changingC. settingD. booking10. A. boughtB. handedC. lentD. returned參考答案：15 BCADA 610 DBACB文章大意： Molly gave her Mum a Christmas surprise-a pair of gloves she wanted.答案解析：1 . 通過上文 “ Molly had walked

42、a dog for a neighbor and saved ” 和下文 " to buy Mum the gloves.”可以推斷出她“省錢”給媽媽買手套，故選 B. money。2 .通過下文“she saw the gloves in the catalog",可知茉莉想給媽媽買gloves。故選C。3 .通過上文“Mum wouldn ' buy them for herself"和連詞"because ,可以得知前后兩句話 存在因果關系因為他們家的農(nóng)場正值困難時期，媽媽不會自己買手套的，故選A。4 .通過上文“I need to buy

43、 a stamp to ”可以推斷出買郵票是為了 “郵寄”填寫好的表格， 故選D。35.通過上文"It ' s a Christmas gift for Mum, but please don"她不想告他他he媽媽 .和下文 “she decided to tell Dad her secret.” 故選 A。6 .根據(jù)生活常識可以得矢口應該悄悄地說（ quietly）秘密,故選 D。7 .通過對整個語篇的理解，可得知給媽媽買禮物是個秘密，因此可以推斷出應該在媽媽看不見的情況下，茉莉和爸爸用肢體語言交流，故選 Bo8 . 通過上文 “ On Christmas Ev

44、e, Dad came back from mailbox, still empty handed. ” 得知禮物 沒得到，因此可以推斷出Molly感到“悲忙，故選 Ao9 .根據(jù)生活常識可得知當媽媽從烤爐里拿出蘋果派時作為孩子的Molly應該開始擺桌子準備吃飯,故選C.10 .通過上文 “ Mr. Smith making his way to the door , with a box in his hand." 可以得知 Mr.Smith來送包裹了，因此可以推斷出 Mr. Smith自然而然的招，包裹I弟給媽媽.應用動詞handed.故選Bo精講筆記【學生在教師的指導下，回顧本

45、講中積累的完形填空的知識和方法】語篇中積累的詞匯【至少 10個】單詞詞性及詞義單詞的運用(鼓勵學生用所學詞匯造句)realize語篇中的學到的方法【根據(jù)具體教學情況歸納總結】【至少掌握2個】方法一：詞匯復現(xiàn)法如：本篇文早中的 32.( gloves) 方法二：上下文推理法方法三：邏輯推理法方法四：文化背景常識法方法五：固定搭配法(二)Swimming is very popular _1_. People like swimming in summer _2_ water makes people feel_3_. _4_ you must be careful when you go swi

46、mming. Don' t go swimming in a wrong place, itmay not be safe. Don ' t go swimming alone, _5_.Before you _6_ water, you must get _7_ ready. Do some warming-up( 熱身)exercise. When youare in water, always stay in a place where people can _8_you. Don't go swimming in the deepwater. Maybe you

47、 think that you are _9_ at swimming anywhere at any time, but don't forgetsafety is _10_ thing!( )1. A. in winter B. in autumn C. in summer D. in spring( )2. A. so B. because C. but D. and()3. A. cold B. cool C. warm D. hot()4. A. But B. And C. So D. If()5. A. too B. either C. neither D. also()6

48、. A. get into B. jump C. drink D. go for( )7. A. you B. yourself C. your D. yourselves()8. A. hear B. listen C. see D. look( )9. A. enough good B. good enough C. ok D. all right( )10. A. important B. the important C. more important D. the most important參考答案 1 5 CBBAB610 ABCBD（三）（北京中考）The Phone CallI

49、t was getting dark. Paul looked out of the window and signed ( 嘆氣).Dad said he could come home by 5:30, but it was almost 7:00. Even if Dad came back, it wouldn ' t be much fun playing _1_ in the dark. Paul walked into his room and threw his baseball into the corner. He tried to do some homework

50、, but couldn ' t.The phone rang at about 8:00. It was Dad:" Paul, I ' m _2_ , but I couldnwith you tonight. I have to finish my work at the office. Maybe we can play this weekend. Oh no. How about next weekend?.”Paul couldn ' t understanwhy Dad was so _3_ . He threw himself into the

51、 sofa and soon fell asleep. His book was still opened to the first page.The next day at school, Paul did n; t hand in his homework and a test. Mrs. Green, his teacher, asked him to stay after school." Paul, you didn ' t do your homework. You didn ' ttest and only got a D. This isn'

52、t like you. What ' s wrong?"Paul just sat there _5_ .” Paul, if you don ' t want to talk, I will. I know that somethingworrying with you, but you have to get it out. Y ou need to tell someone. ”As Paul walked home, he thought of what Mrs. Green said. Maybe he didn' t do hishomework

53、because he wanted to get his dad6_ : He knew Mrs. Green was right. He decidedto take her advice.When Paul got home, he _7_ his dad. But there was no answer. Then it went to voicemail(語音信箱).Paul began talking:" Dad, I can ' t play with you next weekend. I' ve got lots ofproblems with my

54、homework. Also, I really don' t want to spend another day looking out of thewindow and waiting. Whenever you _ 8_ our plans, Dad, it hurts me. It' s not too late to rebuildour relationship, but we have to start small. Maybe you can help me with my _9_ sometime. Dad, I love you. ”As Paul ende

55、d the call, he felt much relaxed. He didnis dadiowowhether hdifferent, but it didn ' t matter. He himself。 . He expressed his feelings to the right person.He had a clear head as he was doing his homework that evening.1. A. baseballB. cardsC. chessD. toys2. A. luckyB. sorryC. surprisedD. pleased3. A. famousB. helpfulC. lazyD. busy4. A. madeB. missedC. failedD. chose5. A. cheerfullyB. comfortablyC. hopefullyD. quietly6. A. attentionB. messageC. praiseD. trust7. A. sawB. thankedC