大學(xué)英語三級(jí)語法大全

1、大學(xué)英語三級(jí)語法大全大學(xué)英語三級(jí)語法大全PleaSUre GroUP OffiCe T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-S大學(xué)英語三級(jí)語法大全名詞性從句概述名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句(RUn ClaUSeS)O名詞從句的功能相、1I于名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān) 任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能.名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、 賓語從句.表語從句和同位語從句。引導(dǎo)名訶性從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：連接詞:that, whether, if (不充'"l從句的任何成分

2、連接彳弋詞：wha, WhateVer, WhOl whoever, WhOml WhOSel WhiCh連接副詞：when, where, how, Why不可省略的連詞：1. 介詞后的連詞2. 引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略CWhat She WaS ChOSen made US Very happyWe heard the news that OUr team had WOn比較：Whether與If均為"是否"的總思。但在F列情況下.Whether不能被If取代:1. Whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首2. 引導(dǎo)表語從句3. Whether從句作介詞賓語4從

3、句后有"or not"Whether he WIlI COnIe is not CIear大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以迓于句末，用it充'耳形式主語。It is not important WhO WIll go.It is StIll UnknOWn WhiCh team WIll Win the InatCh 名詞性從句 名詞性Wh-從句1) 由Wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性Wh從句。Wh-詞包括WhO, WhOml. WhOSei whoever, Whatt WhateVer, WhiChJ WhiCheVer等連接代詞和where, WhenI ho

4、w, Why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語法功能除了和that-從句一樣 外，還可充介詞賓語、賓語補(bǔ)語和間接賓語等例如： 主語：HOW the book Wlll Sell depends On its author 書銷售如何取決于作者木人。直接賓語：In one's OWn home One Can do wha One likes. 在自己家里可以隨心所欲。 間接賓語：The CIUb WilI give WhOeVer WinS a prize.俱樂部將給得勝者設(shè)獎(jiǎng)。表i： My question is WhO WilI take OVer PreSident Of the FOU

5、ndation我的問題是誰將接任該基金會(huì)主席職位。賓語補(bǔ)足語：She Willname him WhateVer She WantS to.她i興給他起什么名字就収什么名字。 同位語：I have no Idea When he WilI return. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來C形容詞賓語： m not SUre Why She refused their invitation我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請(qǐng)。介詞賓語： That depends On WhereWe ShalI go.那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬篊2) Wh-從句作主語也常用先行詞it做形式主語，而將站-從句宜干句末，例如:It i

6、s not yet decided WhO WllI do that job. 還沒決定誰做這項(xiàng)丄作CIt remains UnknOWn Whenthey are going to get married.他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。名詞性that-從句名詞性that從句1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句。that W起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分木身也沒有詞義。名詞性that-從句在句中能充為主語.賓語、表語.同位語和形容詞賓語，例如：主語：That he is StilI alive is Sheer luck. 他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣。賓語：JOhn Said

7、 that he WaS IeaVingfor LOndOn On WedneSday.約翰說他星期三婆到倫敦去。表語：The fact is that he has not been Seen recently. 事實(shí)是近來誰也沒有見過他。lJi： The fact that he has not been Seen recently disturbs everyone in his OffiCe近來誰也沒有見過他這一爭(zhēng)實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安。形容詞賓語：I am glad that you are SatiSfIed With your job.你對(duì)工作滿恵:我感到很高興。2）That-從

8、句作主語通常用it作先行詞.而將that-從句習(xí)于句末，例如：It is quite CIear that the WhOle PrOjeCt is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗QIt's a Pity that you ShOUId have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾爭(zhēng)。用it作形式主語的that-從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系：a. It ÷ be +形容詞十that"從句It IS necessary thaf有必要It is important thaf重要的是It is ObViOUS thaf 很明顯b. I

9、t ÷ be + ed 分詞 + that*從句It is believed thaf 人們相信It is known to all that 從所周知It has been decided thaf 已抉定c. It ÷ be + 名詞+ that"從句It is CommOn knowledge that是常識(shí)It is a SUrPriSe haf 令人驚奇的是It is a fact that爭(zhēng)實(shí)是d. It十不及物動(dòng)詞十that"分句It appears thaf 似乎It happens thaf 碰巧It OCCUrred to me th

10、at我突然想起否定轉(zhuǎn)移1）將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等動(dòng)詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中即主 句的謂語動(dòng)詞用否定式，而從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用肯定式。I don, t think I know you. 我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。I don, t believe he WilI come.我相信他不回來C注總：若謂語動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。I hope you Weren* t ill.我想你沒有生病吧。2）將Seeml appear等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到前【加。It doesn,t Seem that they kn

11、ow Where to go.看來他們不知道往哪去。It doesn, t appear that we, 11 have a SUnny day tomorrow看來我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣。定語從句定語從句(AttribUtiVe CIaUSeS)在句中做定語修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。 定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引岀。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose,that, WhiCh 等。關(guān)系副詞有：when, WhereJ Why 等。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞并在句

12、中充X主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句 中作主語時(shí).從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1) who, WhOmI that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞.在從句中所起作用如下：IS he the man whotha WantS to See you他就是你想見的人嗎Ghothat在從句中作主語)HeiS the man Whom/ that I SaW yesterday他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。(WhoEthat在從句中作賓語)2) WhoSe用來指人或物,(只用作定語,若指物,它還可以同Of WhiCh互換)，例如：They rushed OVer to help t

13、he man WhOSe Car had broken down.那人車壞(.大家都跑過去幫忙。PIeaSe PaSS me the book WhOSe (Of WhiCh) COVer is green.請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。3) which, that它們所代替的先行詞是爭(zhēng)物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：A PrOSPerity WhICh / that had never been Seen before appears in the COUntrySide 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未 有的繁榮。(WhiCh / that在句中作賓語)The PaCkage (WhiCh / t

14、hat) you are Carrying is about to COnIe UnWraPPed 傷拿的包快散(» (WhiCh / that在句中作賓語)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞.在從句中作狀語。1) WhenI where, Why關(guān)系副詞when, where, Why的含義相十于”介詞+血*結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和S詞+甜ich”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用.例 如：There are OCCaSiOnS When (On WhiCh) One must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。Beijing is the PIa

15、Ce Where (in WhiCh) I WaS born. 北京是我的出生地。IS this the reason Why (for WhiCh) he refused OUr OfferS 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎2) that代替關(guān)系副詞that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代WhenI where, Why介詞+which"引導(dǎo)的定語從句.在口語中that常被省略，例如：HiS father died the year (that / When / in WhiCh) he WaS born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世 了。He is UnIikeIy t

16、o find the PIaCe (that / Where / in WhiCh) he IiVed forty years ago. f也彳：大可能找 到他四十年前居住過的地方。判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞方法一：用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語就必須婆求用關(guān)系 代詞：而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如:ThiS is the mountain VilIage Where I Stayed IaSt year. 11 never forget the days When I WOrked together Wlth you判斷改錯(cuò)(tf

17、t) ThiS is the mountainVilIage Where I ViSited IaSt year(對(duì)) ThiS is the mountain VilIage (WhiCh) I ViSited IaSt year(豐昔) I WilI never forget the days When I SPent in the COUntrySide(Xit) 11 never forget the days (WhiCh) I SPent in the COUntrySide 習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞Wherel When聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。 方法二

18、 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定.狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例 1 IS this museum you ViSited a few days ageA Where B that C On WhiCh D the One1?!）2 IS this the museum the exhibition WaS heldA Where B that C On WhlCh D the One答案：例1 D例2 A例 1 變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hiS museum is you ViSited a few days ago.例 2 變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hiS is the museum

19、 the exhibition WaS held.在句1 ,t,所缺部分為賓語，而Wherel that, On WhiCh都不能起到賓語的作用.只有the One既做（主句的表 語.又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞所以應(yīng)選-而句2中，主、謂.賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where.又因in the museum詞組，可 用介詞in + WhiCh引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中,介詞On用的不對(duì)，所以選A。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時(shí)選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, WhOSe）:先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副

20、詞（Where地點(diǎn)狀語,When時(shí)間狀語 Why原大I狀 語）。限制性和非限制性定語從句 限制性和非限制性定語從句1）定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句總思往往不明 確：非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明.去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開.例如：ThiS is the house WhiCh We bought IaSt month.這是我們上個(gè)丿J買的那幢房子。邙艮制性）The house, WhiCh We bought IaSt month, is Very nice.這幢房子很漂亮,是我們上個(gè)月買的。（非限制性）2）、

21、”|先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和抬示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：CharIeS Smith, WhO WaS my former teacher, retired IaSt year.査理史密斯去年退休 f 他曾經(jīng)是我的 老師C My house, WhiCh I bought IaSt year, has got a IOVeIy garden. 我去年買的的那幢房子帶著個(gè)漂亮 的花園。ThiS novel, WhiCh I have read three times, is Very touching.這木小說很動(dòng)人.我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。 3）非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)

22、主句作為先行詞，對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾，這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱取數(shù) 例如： He SeemS not to have grasped What I meant, WhiCh greatly UPSetS me.他似乎沒抓住我的總思，這 使我心煩。LiqUid Water ChangeS to vapor, WhiCh is CalIed evaporation.液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝@就叫做蒸發(fā)。 說明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞Why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。as, WhXCh非限定性定語從句as, WhiCh非限定性定語從句由as, WhiCh引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,as和WhiCh可代整個(gè)主句.相&

23、#39;lr J and this或and thato AS般放 ¥忙£J 首 WhiCh 在句AcAS We know, SmOklng is harmful to one's health The SUn heats the earth,WhiCh is Very important to us.典型例題1）AIiCe received an invitation from her boss, Came as a SUrPriSeA it B. that C. WhiCh D. he答案C此為非限定性從句.不能用that修飾.而用which. , it和he都使

24、后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不 能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。2）The weather turned OUt to be Very good, WaS more than We COUld expectA. What B. WhiCh C. that D. it答案B° WhiCh可代替句子.用于非限定性定語從句,而What不可。That不能用于非限定性定語從句,it不為 連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。3）It rained hard yesterday, PreVented me from going to the ParkA that B Whi

25、Ch C as D it答案Bas和WhiCh在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都抬主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)總思，且在定語從句中都可以 作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：(1) as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首而WhICh不可。(2) as代表前而的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)從句中的謂語必須是系動(dòng)詞：若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān) 系代詞只能用which.。 在木題中，PreVent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為BOAS的用法例 1. the Same as： suchas 中的 as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu)，和樣。 I have got into the Sametrouble as he (has).

26、例 2 as 可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句常帶有'正如'。 AS We know, SnIOking is harmful to one's health. ASiS known, SmOking is harmful to one's health. AS 是關(guān)系代詞。例 1 中的 as 作 kno胃的賓語：例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞know 用被動(dòng)式。介詞+關(guān)系詞介詞+關(guān)系詞1)介詞后Ifii的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2) that前不能有介詞。3)某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的涼介詞+關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞When 和 Where 互換。ThiS is t

27、he house in WhiCh I IiVed two years agoThiS is the house Where I IiVed two years agoDO you remember the day On WhiCh you JOined OUr CIUbDO you remember the day When you joined OUr CIUb先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一I)UrhOeVer SPitS in PUbIiC WilI be PUniShed here. (WhOeVer 可以用anyone WhO 代替) 2)The ParentS WilI

28、USe What they have to Send their SOn to technical SChOol (What可以用all that代替)what/whatever; that/What; who/whoeverhat/whatever; that/what; rtoWhOeVer1) What = the thing which： WhateVer = anything Whatyou Want has been Sent here WhateVer you Want makes no difference to me. 2) WhO= the PerSOn that; WhO

29、eVer= anyone WhO (錯(cuò))WhO breaks the IaW WIlI be PUniShed(對(duì))WhOeVer breaks theIaW WilI be PUniShed(fft) WhOeVer robbed the bank is not Clear(對(duì))WhO robbed the bank is not CIear3) that和Whatthat引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，通常用作關(guān)系代詞而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)是個(gè)不充、Ii任何成分的連接詞。賓語從句和表語從句中的that?？墒÷詏 What只能引導(dǎo)名詞性從句用作連接代詞，作從句的具體成分.且不能 省略。 I think (tha

30、t) you WilI Iike the StaInPSWhat We need is InOre PraCtiCe特殊詞精講StOP doing/to doStoP to do停止中斷做某事后去做另一件爭(zhēng)。StOP doing停止做某事。They StOP to SmOke a cigarette.他們停下來，抽 了根煙。I must StOP smoking. 我必須戒煙 了。典型例題She reached the top Of the hill and StOPPed On a big rock by the Side Of the PathA tohave rested B. rest

31、ing C. to rest D. rest 答案：CO由題總:可知，她到了山頂，停下來在一個(gè)路邊的大 石頭上休息。因此，應(yīng)選擇stop to do Sth.停下來去做另一件爭(zhēng)S而不僅僅是爬山動(dòng)作的終止，所以SgP doing sth.不正確Oforget doing/to doforget to do忘記要去做某爭(zhēng)。（未做）forget doing忘記做過某事。（已做）The Iight in the OffICe is Stil OrL He forgot to turn it Off辦公室的燈還在亮著它忘記關(guān)了。（沒有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作）He forgot turning the Iight

32、off.他忘記他已經(jīng)關(guān)了燈了 C（已做過關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作）DOnt t forget to COme tomorrow別忘了明天來。（to COme動(dòng)作未做）典型例題The Iight in the OffiCe is StilI on.Oh I forgotA turning it Off B turn it Off C to turn it OffD having turned it Off 答案:Ca Fh theIight is Still On可知燈亮著,即關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作沒有發(fā)生因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing Sth表示 燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了，而自己忘記了這一事實(shí)。

33、此處不符合題意。結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句常由sothat或suchthat引導(dǎo)。so*-that與suchthat之間可以轉(zhuǎn)換。例如:The boy is SO young that he can't go to SChOOI這男孩年齡太小，不能上學(xué)。HeiS SUCh a young boy that he can't go to SChOOl讓步狀語從句1）though* although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句J后面的從句不能有but但是though和yet可連川。例如:AlthOUgh it* S raining, they are StilI WOrking in the

34、field.雖然在下雨.但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢e is Very old, but he StilI WorkS Very hard.雖然他很老但仍然努力地匸作。ThOUgh the SOre be healed, yet a SCar may remain傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下 了。（諺語）2）as, though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前。例如：ChiId as /though he WaSt he knew What WaS the right thing to do.雖然是個(gè)小孩該做什么不做什么, 他全知道。3）ever if» eve

35、n though 即使。例如：We' 11 make a trip even though the Weather is bad.即使天氣不好,我們也要去遠(yuǎn)足。4）Whetheror 不管都。例如:Whether you believe it Or not> it is true.信不信由你，這確實(shí)是真的。5）"no matter “麺問詞"或瘁疑問詞十后綴ever"例如：NO matter What happened, he WOUId not mind=WhateVer happened> he WOUld not mind 不管發(fā)生ft

36、么,他不在意。替換：no matter What = WhateVerno matter WhO = WhOeVerno matter When = WheneVerno matter Where = WhereVerno matter WhiCh = WhiCheVerno matter how = however注意：no Inatter不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。(fft) NO matter What you Say is Of no USe now(對(duì)WhateVer you Say is Of no USe now.你現(xiàn)在說什么也沒用 If。(WhateVer you Say 是主

37、語從句)(錯(cuò))PriSOnerS have to eat no matter What they, re given>(對(duì))PriSOnerS have to eat WhateVer they, re given.囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么。條件狀語從句連接詞主要有if，UnIeSs. as/so IOng as, On COnditiOn that等。if引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條 件句兩種C非真實(shí)條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述CUnIeSS = if not. 例如：Let's go OUt for a WaIk UnleSS you are too tired.如果不太累P

38、 我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉?。If you are not too tied, let* S go OUt for a Walk典型例題YOU WilI be Iate you IeaVe ImmedlateIyA UnIeSS B UntiI C if D Or答案A句意：除非你立即走,否則你就回遲到的?？赊D(zhuǎn)化為If you dong IeaVe immediately r you WIlI beX D 句總不對(duì).Or表轉(zhuǎn)折.句子如為 YOU IeaVe immediately Or you WilI be late.目的狀語從句表示目的狀語的從句可以由that 1 SO that, in Order t

39、hat» IeStr for fear that in CaSe等詞引導(dǎo)。例 :YOU must SPeak IOUder SO that /in Order that you Can be heard by all.你必須大點(diǎn)聲，別人就能聽見ZoHe WrOte the name down for fear that (IeSt) he ShOUId forget it.他寫下 了這個(gè)名字以免以后忘記。Better take more ClOtheS in CaSe the Weather is cold.最好多穿點(diǎn)衣服，以防天發(fā) 方式狀語從句方式狀語從句通常由 as (just)

40、 asso, as if. as though 引導(dǎo)。1) as, (just) asso引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位干主句后，但在(just) asso結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義意思是"正如S "就像S多用于正式文體。例如：AIWayS do to the OtherS as you WOUld be done by.你希望人家怎樣待你，你就更怎樣待人。AS Water is to fish, SO air is to man.我們離不開空氣.猶如魚兒離不開水。JUSt as We SWeeP OUr rooms, SO We ShOUld SWeeP bac

41、kward IdeaS from OUr minds正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。2）as if, as though兩者的總義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語女用虛擬語氣，表示與爭(zhēng)實(shí)相反，有時(shí)也用陳述語氣.表示所說情 況是爭(zhēng)實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作"仿佛似的S 好像似的二例如：They COmPIetely ignore these facts as if （as though） they never existed.他們完全忽略了這些爭(zhēng) 實(shí).就仿佛它不存在似的。（與爭(zhēng)實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）He IOOkS as if （as though） he h

42、ad been hit by Iightlng.他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實(shí)相反, 謂語用虛擬語氣。）It IOOkS as If the Weather may PiCk UP Very soon.看來天氣很快就會(huì)好起來。（實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語 用陳述語氣。）說明：as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語.不定式短語或無動(dòng)詞短語。例如：He Stared at Ine as if Seeing me for first time.他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我.就像第一次看見我似的。He CIeared his throat as if to Say SOmething他清了清嗓

43、子,像要說什么似的。The WaVeS dashed On the rocks as if in anger波濤沖擊若巖石.好像很憤怒O原因狀語從句t匕較 because. SinCe as f for：1）because iS勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，用來說明人所不知的嫌因，回答甜y提出的問題原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所J就用as或since.例如:I didn't go, because I WaS afraid.我不去是tM為我怕OSinCe /As the Weather is SO bad, We have to delay OUr journey.天氣那么糟，旅行推遲 IfQ2）由becau

44、se引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末.且前血有逗號(hào)，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原伙I，而 是多種情況加以推斷就只能用for.例如：He is absent today. because / for he is ill.他今天缺席 I大I為他病了。He must be ill. for he is absent today他一定病 所以今天缺席O地點(diǎn)狀語從句地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由where. WhereVer引導(dǎo)。例如：Where I IiVe there are PIenty Of trees.我住的地方樹很多。WhereVer Iaml Will be thinking Of you.不管我

45、在哪里我都會(huì) 虛擬語氣：真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語氣.假設(shè)的情況有可能發(fā)生。各種結(jié)構(gòu)參見下表：句型條件從句主句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)shall/WilI +動(dòng)詞原形祈使句情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)例如：If he COmeSI he WilI bring his violin.如果他來.會(huì)帶小提琴來的。典型例題 The VOlIeybalI match WilI be PUt Off if it A WIlI rain B rains C rained D is rained答案B真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時(shí).從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)C注意: 1）在真實(shí)條件句中，主句不能用be going to表示將來，該用shall.

46、WilL （錯(cuò)）If you IeaVe now, you are never going to regret it. （Xit） If you IeaVe now, you WiIl never regret it. 2）表示真理時(shí)，主句謂語動(dòng)詞不用ShalI （WllI） +動(dòng)詞原形，而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式。 非真實(shí)條件句虛擬語氣可以表示過去現(xiàn)在和將來的情況時(shí)態(tài)的基木特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)往后推移。a.與現(xiàn)在爭(zhēng)實(shí)相反的假設(shè)條件從句主句一般過去時(shí)（be用Were）ShOUId (WOUId)等+動(dòng)詞原形例如：If they Were here, they WOUId help you.如果他們?cè)谶@

47、兒,會(huì)幫助你的。 含義：They are not here, they Can 't help you.b與過去爭(zhēng)實(shí)相反的假設(shè)條件從句主句過去完成時(shí)ShOUld (WOUld)等have+過去分詞例如：If he had COme yesterday, I ShOUld / WOUld have told him about it.如果他昨天來的話,我會(huì)把 這件爭(zhēng)告訴他的。含義：He did not COme yesterday. SO I did not tell him about it.c.表示對(duì)將來不大可能發(fā)生的爭(zhēng)情的假想條件從句主句一般過去時(shí)ShOUldwouId等+動(dòng)詞原形

48、werer不定式should*動(dòng)詞原形例如：If you SUCCeededt everything WOUId be all right如果你將來成功了. 一切都會(huì)好的。If you ShOUId succeed, everything WOUld be all rightIf you Were to SUCCeedt everything WOUId be all right含義：YOU are not Iikely to SUCCeedt everything Will be What it is now.混合條件句有時(shí).主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間.主句從句謂語動(dòng)詞的虛擬語氣形式因

49、時(shí)間不同而不同這種條件句叫做 混合條件句。例如：If you had asked him yesterday, you WOUld know What to do now.如果你昨天問過他，今天就知道做什么To（從句與過去爭(zhēng)實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在爭(zhēng)實(shí)相反。）If it had rained IaSt night （過去） it WOUld be Very CoId today （現(xiàn)在）。如果昨晚下過雨，今天就 會(huì)很冷了。虛擬條件句的倒裝虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were. ShOUIdt或had時(shí)，可省略if.再把Weret ShOUld或had移到從句的句 首.實(shí)行倒裝。例如：Were they

50、here now. they COUId help us. =If they Were here now. they COUId help us.他們現(xiàn)在在的 話就會(huì)幫助我們了。Had you COme earlier* you WOUld have met him=If you had COme earlier you WOUId have met him 你來得早一點(diǎn)，就碰到他了。ShOUId it rain, the CrOPS WOUld be SaVed=Were it to rain the CrOPS WOUld be SaVed假如下雨，莊稼就有救了。注意:在虛擬語氣的從句中,

51、動(dòng)詞'be'的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用ZZWerez不用蕭as即在從句中be用Were代替。例如If I Were you. I WOUld go to IOOk for him.如果我是你，就會(huì)去找他°If he Were here, everything WOUId be all right如果他在這兒,一切都會(huì)好的。典型例題 to do the work. I ShOUId do it SOme Other day.A If Were I B I Were C Were I D WaS I答案C在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were- should, had這三個(gè)詞通常將if省略

52、，主語提前，變成were.ShoUIdhad +主語的形式。但要注意：，在虛擬條件狀語從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形弋： 如我們可說 Were I not to do, 而不能說 fferen* t I to do. WiSh的用法1）WISh后面的從句，表示與爭(zhēng)實(shí)相反的情況.或表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其賓語從句的動(dòng)詞形式為：主句從句從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)詞動(dòng) 作（be的過去式為Were）現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)從句動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí) 發(fā)生（had +過去分詞）過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望將來時(shí)WOUld/could +動(dòng)詞原形例如：I WiSh I Were as tall

53、 asyou.我希望和你一樣高。He WiShed he hadn, t Said that他希望他沒講過那樣的話。I WiShit WOUld rain tomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。2) WiSh to do： WiSh SbSth to do.例如:I WiShto See the manager=IWant to See the manager.我希望見一見經(jīng)理。I WiSh(=I Want the managerthe manager to be informed at once.to be informed at once.）我希望經(jīng)理能馬上得到消息。特殊的虛擬語氣詞Sh

54、oUld1）在吾從句中的應(yīng)用It is可省略。demanded / necessary / a Pity ÷ that等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句P謂語動(dòng)詞用ShOUld加動(dòng)詞原形,ShOUIdItis可用的詞有三類that(ShOUld) doSUggeSted, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted 等important, necessary, natural, imperative, Strange 等a PityJ a shame, no WOnder 等2) 在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用在表示命令、建議、要求等類動(dòng)詞

55、后面的從句中，像Order suggest, PrOPOSe require> demand, re quest, insist, COnImand. insist 十 (ShOUId) do 等。 例女IhI SUggeSt that We (ShOUId) hold a meeting next week.我建議下周召開個(gè)會(huì)議。He insisted that he (ShOUId ) be Sent there.他要求被派到那兒去O注總： suggest, InSiSt不表示"建議"或"堅(jiān)持要某人做某爭(zhēng)時(shí)S即它們用于其木意T暗示、表明7 "堅(jiān)

56、持 認(rèn)為"時(shí).賓語從句用陳述語氣。判斷改錯(cuò)： (錯(cuò))YOU PaIe face SUggeStS that you (ShOUld) be ill.(對(duì))YOUr PaIe face SUggeStS that you are ill.(錯(cuò)) I insisted that you (ShOUId) be WrOng (對(duì)) I insisted that you Were wrong.3) 在表語從句，同位語從句中的應(yīng)用SUggeStion. proposal, idea, plan. Ordert advice等名詞后血的表語從句.同位語從句中要用虎擬語 氣，即(ShOUld) +動(dòng)詞原形。例如：My idea is that We (ShOUld) get more PeOPIe to attend the conference.我的想法是讓更女的人來參加會(huì) 議。I Inake a PrOPOSaI that We (ShOUId) hold a meeting next week.我提了個(gè)建議.下周我們開個(gè)會(huì)OIt is (high) time thatIt is (high) time that后面的從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去式或用ShOUId加動(dòng)詞原形，但ShOUId不可省略。例如：It is time