高一英語 單元單詞短語句型知識(shí)梳理 Unit18 大綱人教版第一冊(cè)

1、Unit 18理解:要點(diǎn)詮釋單詞1.settle講: v. 決定；解決；定居；放置；使安靜；棲息例：He has settled to buy a car.他決定買車。Lets settle the date of the next meeting.我們來商定下次集會(huì)的日期。The problem has not been settled yet.那個(gè)問題至今尚未解決。They got married and settled in London.他們結(jié)了婚并在倫敦定居。His words settled my fears.他的話平息了我的不安。鏈接·提示 (1)settle down

2、舒適地坐下或躺下；(在某地)定居下來；過安定的生活 (2)settle(down)to sth.開始認(rèn)真對(duì)待；定下心來做 (3)settle for sth.勉強(qiáng)接受練：(1)With many difficult problems _,the president is having a hard time.A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled提示:考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，從下文看，難題還沒有解決。故選C。答案:C(2)Knowing how long the test would last,the students who fini

3、shed _ back and waited until the end of the exam.A.settle B.settled C.settling D.to settle提示:該題考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。學(xué)生易受思維定勢(shì)的影響，錯(cuò)選C項(xiàng)，其實(shí)who finished是定語從句，選項(xiàng)作謂語，故選B。句意為:由于知道考試要持續(xù)多長時(shí)間，那些做完的學(xué)生安靜地坐著，等待考試結(jié)束。答案:B2.possession講: n. 具有；擁有；個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)；私人物品例：The gang were caught in possession of stolen goods.這伙人被逮著，人贓俱獲。The possess

4、ion of a passport is essential for foreign travel.出國旅行必須持有護(hù)照。The ring is one of her most treasured possessions.這只戒指是她最珍貴的財(cái)產(chǎn)之一。鏈接·提示 (1)take possession of占有；占領(lǐng) (2)come into the possession of被某人占有；落入某人手中 (3)in ones possession=in the possession of sb.由某人所有/控制練：It is said that the white people then

5、 came to this land.They _ of the land.A.owned B.took possession C.seized D.caught提示:由空格后的of構(gòu)成take possession of短語，意為“占有，占領(lǐng)”，決定答案只能是B。答案:B短語1.turn to講:該短語的義項(xiàng)有“向(尋求幫助等)；翻到；查閱；轉(zhuǎn)到”。例：Some farmers have turned to keeping deer,and there are about 4500 deer farms in the country.某些農(nóng)場主已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)養(yǎng)鹿，全國的養(yǎng)鹿場已經(jīng)達(dá)到4500個(gè)左右

6、。He turned to me and said hello to me.他轉(zhuǎn)向我向我問好。If you are in trouble,please turn to me.如果你有麻煩，請(qǐng)找我。練：(2010北京海淀期末) Although the teacher did not mention any names,everybody knew who he was _.A.attending to B.turning to C.referring to D.talking to提示:本題考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。attend to意為“注意；照顧”，turn to意為“求助于”，refer to意

7、為“提到；談到”；talk to意為“同某人交談”。答案：C2.burst out講:該短語的義項(xiàng)有“突然迸發(fā)；突然出現(xiàn)”。例：They burst out laughing/crying.他們突然大笑(哭)起來?！癐 dont believe it!” burst out the angry woman.“我不相信！”這位生氣的婦女突然說道。鏈接·拓展 (1)burst into突然闖入；突然開始；突然發(fā)生 He burst into the room. 他突然闖進(jìn)房間。 She burst into laughter/tears. 她突然笑(哭)起來。 The hall burs

8、t into cheers when the singer appeared.當(dāng)歌手出場時(shí)，大廳里爆發(fā)出歡呼聲。 The oil-stove upset and burst into flames. 油爐翻倒，立刻燃燒起來。 (2)burst in(on)打擾 It was very rude of you to burst in on Father while he was working. 父親工作期間，你打擾他是不禮貌的。 Stop him bursting in.別讓他插嘴。 (3)burst on突然出現(xiàn) The view burst on our sight. 那景象突然出現(xiàn)在我們

9、面前。練：As soon as she saw her boyfriend,she _ tears.A.burst into B.broke outC.burst out D.broke in提示:break out為不及物動(dòng)詞短語，表示“爆發(fā)”；break in不及物動(dòng)詞短語，“突然闖入”。burst out后跟動(dòng)名詞形式；burst into后跟名詞形式，故選A，burst into tears“突然哭起來”。答案:A句型of+抽象名詞講：注意觀察下面教材原句:New Zealand wine is of high quality and is sold all over the worl

10、d.新西蘭的酒質(zhì)量很好，暢銷全世界。of+抽象名詞”可以用作表語、后置定語或補(bǔ)足語，意思是“的，具有的”說明性質(zhì)。作表語時(shí)，構(gòu)成“be+of+抽象名詞”，等于“be+該名詞的形容詞”。例：He is a man of ability.(=He is an able man.)他是一個(gè)有能力的人。This stone is of great value.(=This stone is very valuable.)這顆寶石很珍貴。This matter is of great importance.(=This matter is very important.)這件事很重要。練：Where c

11、an I get _ information about a long journey?Nothing is of _ than a map,I think.A.an;greater help B.a piece of;greater priceC.some;better useful D.some;greater value提示:information是不可數(shù)名詞，不可使用不定冠詞，排除A項(xiàng)；依據(jù)“be+of+抽象名詞”排除B、C兩項(xiàng)。答案:D辨析1.make up,be made up of,make up for(1)make up的意思比較多，常用的有“化妝；編造；組成；占(比例)，”

12、這時(shí)要注意，make up為主動(dòng)形式，表示“部分組成一個(gè)整體”的意思。另外，take up也有“占”的意思，但指的是“某樣?xùn)|西占據(jù)空間”。(2)be made up of.由組成，這里為被動(dòng)形式，表示“一個(gè)整體是由幾個(gè)部分組成”。注意比較:consist of也有“由組成”的意思，但要使用主動(dòng)形式。例：This club consists of more than 200 members.這個(gè)俱樂部由200多名會(huì)員組成。比較:This club is made up of more than 200 members.(3)make up for彌補(bǔ)即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)She took over 3

13、0 minutes to _ herself _.(2)Is she telling the truth,or _ it all _?(3)We need one more player to _ a team.(4)They _ about six percent of the total population.(5)The committee _ seven members.(6)He drove faster to _ lost time.答案:(1)make,up (2)making,up (3)make up (4)make up (5)is made up of (6)make u

14、p for2.deal with,do with,do without(1)do with為及物動(dòng)詞短語。用于特殊疑問句時(shí)一般用what引導(dǎo)。含有“處理；處置；對(duì)待(不用被動(dòng)語態(tài))；以將就(不用被動(dòng)語態(tài))；放置(常用過去時(shí)或完成時(shí)態(tài)，不用被動(dòng)語態(tài))；忍受(與cannot連用，不用被動(dòng)語態(tài))”。(2)do without的意思為“沒有什么也行；將就；用不著”。(3)deal with為及物動(dòng)詞短語。用于特殊疑問句時(shí)一般用how引導(dǎo)。主要義項(xiàng)有“對(duì)付；處理；論及(和do with同義，主要區(qū)別在于特殊疑問詞)；相處；與交易(不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài))”。即時(shí)練習(xí):(1)Your clothes are wo

15、rn out.What did you _ them?(2)He didnt know what to _ the property his father had left.(3)The new teacher didnt know what to _ the class.(4)Butter was so expensive that we had to _ margarine(人造奶油)in those days.(5)What have you _ papers for the meeting?(6)I cannot _ the loud noise.(7)We cannot _ a te

16、lephone in our business.(8)There wasnt any coffee left,so we had to _ it.(9)He knows well how to _ children.(10)I think the problem should be _ quickly.(11)This book _ ancient history of China.答案:(1)do with (2)do with (3)do with (4)do with (5)done with (6)do with (7)do without (8)do without (9)deal

17、with (10)dealt with (11)deals with誘思:實(shí)例點(diǎn)撥【例1】 (2010江蘇高考) Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes.A.turning up B.putting upC.making up D.showing up提示:turn up出現(xiàn)；露面；put up建立；搭起；make up編造；組成；show up顯現(xiàn)；使顯眼。依據(jù)句意，選C項(xiàng)。答案:C【例2】 (2010山東高考) With more forests being destroye

18、d,huge quantities of good earth _ each year.A.is washing away B.is being washed awayC.are washing D.are being washed away提示:依據(jù)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，森林正在被毀，大量的好土正在被沖走。所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。當(dāng)quantity 修飾不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與quantity 的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致，試比較:A large quantity of water is wasted every day.Large quantities of water are wasted every day.答案:D講評(píng):本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致?！纠?】 (2010全國高考) The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.A.that B.it C.this D.him提示:本題考查it作形式賓語的用法，真正的賓語是to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting。it的這種用法常用在動(dòng)詞find,believe,hate,like,think等之后，it后的形容