SubjunctiveMood虛擬語氣講解實用教案

1、什么什么(shn me)是虛擬語氣？是虛擬語氣？ 表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑(huiy)等 表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等第1頁/共70頁第一頁，共71頁。虛擬語氣的分類(fn li) 語語 言言 形形 式式功功 能能Be形（原形）形（原形）意愿意愿Were形形假設(shè)假設(shè)第三條件句第三條件句假設(shè)假設(shè)第四條件句第四條件句假設(shè)假設(shè)第2頁/共70頁第二頁，共71頁。“意愿意愿(yyun)”虛擬句：虛擬句：be型虛擬式型虛擬式 “意愿意愿”虛擬句用來表示意愿、要求虛擬句用來表示意愿、要求(yoqi)、希望、希望、建議、命令等的具體內(nèi)容。這種虛擬式有建議、命令等的具體內(nèi)

2、容。這種虛擬式有下列三種結(jié)構(gòu)形式：下列三種結(jié)構(gòu)形式： 第3頁/共70頁第三頁，共71頁。1 1、用在表要求、命令、指示等動詞后的、用在表要求、命令、指示等動詞后的that that 賓詞從句中或其被動結(jié)構(gòu)的主語賓詞從句中或其被動結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(zhy)(zhy)從句從句 其結(jié)構(gòu)為其結(jié)構(gòu)為 “(should)+ “(should)+動詞原形動詞原形” ” suggest (suggest (建議建議(jiny) (jiny) recommend (recommend (推薦推薦(tujin) (tujin) advise (advise (勸告勸告) ) propose (propose (建議建議

3、) ) insist (insist (堅持堅持) ) consent (consent (允諾允諾) ) decide (decide (決定決定) ) order (order (命令命令) ) request (request (要求要求) ) desire (desire (期望期望) ) maintain (maintain (主張主張) ) urge (urge (催促催促) ) 第4頁/共70頁第四頁，共71頁。三個建議三個建議(jiny)四個要求四個要求(yoqi)insistorder, commandadvise, suggest, proposedemand, requi

4、re, request, ask虛擬語氣虛擬語氣Should +v 型兩個兩個(lin )命令命令一個堅持一個堅持在賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句，主語從句中。這種用法的常用詞有：第5頁/共70頁第五頁，共71頁。He ordered that all the students (should) attend his lectures on time. 1) 他命令所有學(xué)生他命令所有學(xué)生(xu sheng)按時到課。按時到課。 It is suggested that the project (should) be started at once. 2) 有人建議馬上有人建議馬上(mshng)

5、啟動這個項目。啟動這個項目。What do you think of her proposal that I (should) apply for a new job? 3) 她建議她建議(jiny)我去找份新工作，你覺得怎樣？我去找份新工作，你覺得怎樣？第6頁/共70頁第六頁，共71頁。1.I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible . A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 2. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be

6、 raised. A should B would C must D could第7頁/共70頁第七頁，共71頁。3. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went B. wont go C. not go D. not to go4.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finishe

7、d5.The commander ordered that we _ work before Friday. A. must finish B. finished C. should finish D. could finish第8頁/共70頁第八頁，共71頁。Jans pale face suggested that he _ ill . A be B was C should be D isHe insists he _right. A. were B. was C. be D. is第9頁/共70頁第九頁，共71頁。TIPST. or F. You pale face suggests

8、that you (should) be ill. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. I insisted that you were wrong.insist / suggest 各有兩種意思，要用不同的語氣(yq)Insist 表示“堅決要求”時，用虛擬形式，即 should + do;Insist 表示“堅持說”時，用陳述語氣(yq)，表示事實。Suggest 表示“建議”時，用虛擬形式。Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”時，用陳述語氣(yq)。FTFT虛擬語

9、氣虛擬語氣第10頁/共70頁第十頁，共71頁。注意：注意： 如如suggest, insist用于其本意用于其本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“堅持認(rèn)為堅持認(rèn)為”時，賓語從句時，賓語從句(cn j)用陳述語氣。用陳述語氣。1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules.2.He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once.3.He suggested that we_(have) a meeting at once.ob

10、eywasbe senthave第11頁/共70頁第十一頁，共71頁。necessary(necessary(必需必需(bx)(bx)的的) )essential(essential(必要必要(byo)(byo)的的) )imperative(imperative(必需必需(bx)(bx)的的) )natural(natural(天生的天生的) )desirable(desirable(希望的希望的) )advisable(advisable(希望的希望的) )important(important(重要的重要的) ) appropriate(appropriate(適當(dāng)?shù)倪m當(dāng)?shù)? )2 2、

11、用在、用在It is +It is +形容詞形容詞 + that-clause + that-clause中中, , 主要表示主要表示主觀看法，比如：主觀看法，比如：“某事是必要的、重要的、自然而某事是必要的、重要的、自然而然的然的”從句謂語動詞用從句謂語動詞用should +should +動詞原形動詞原形, should , should 可省?？墒?。第12頁/共70頁第十二頁，共71頁。我們有必要出去散散步。 她這樣做是很自然的。重要的是我們要照顧(zho g)好病人。 Should + V 型虛擬語氣虛擬語氣TranslationIts necessary that we should

12、 have a walk .Its natural that she should do so.Its important that we should take good care of the patient.第13頁/共70頁第十三頁，共71頁。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time. A. hand in B. would hand in C. have to hand in D. handed in第14頁/共70頁第十四頁，共71頁。1.It is str

13、ange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could B. can C. should D. would2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm.A. be finished C. had finishedC. must be finished D. will finish CA第15頁/共70頁第十五頁，共71頁。3. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did;

14、set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be setB第16頁/共70頁第十六頁，共71頁。3、公式化語句(yj) 表示“祝愿、詛咒、禁止( jnzh)”等意義的特殊表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu)里L(fēng)ong live the Peoples Republic of China!God bless you!God damn you!(該死的！)Heaven forbid!(天理不容！)Devil take him!(混蛋！)So be it.(但愿如此/就這樣吧。)第17頁/共70頁第十七頁，共71頁。第18頁/共70

15、頁第十八頁，共71頁。were-型虛擬式1.非真實的條件(tiojin)或讓步2.幾乎不可能的假設(shè)3.特殊句型第19頁/共70頁第十九頁，共71頁。1.由if, if only, as if, as though, though 等引導(dǎo)(yndo)的條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中，表示非真實的條件或讓步。 If I were you, I should wait till next week. If it were to rain, the game would be put off. If only I were not so nervous. He spoke to me as if I w

16、ere deaf. He behaves as though he were better than us.第20頁/共70頁第二十頁，共71頁。If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier to learn. A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been第21頁/共70頁第二十一頁，共71頁。2.were型虛擬式常用于wish, would rather, suppose, imagine等表示“希望，但愿，寧愿”的-that 分句(fnj)中，表示

17、一種臆想的（通常是不可能發(fā)生的）情況。 I wish it were spring all the year round. Suppose the earth were flat. Just imagine everyone were to give up smoking.第22頁/共70頁第二十二頁，共71頁。3.特殊(tsh)句型 It is (high /about) time that. that 從句中動詞用一般過去時，表示“差不多/ 該是的時候了”。其中that可以省略。 It is the time we left the office. 區(qū)分：Its the first(sec

18、ond / third) time后面的that從句中，謂語動詞要用完成(wn chng)時來表示一種經(jīng)歷。 Its the second time Ive come here.第23頁/共70頁第二十三頁，共71頁。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4If you have really been studying English for so long, its about time you _able to write letters in English. A. should be B. were C. must be D. are 第24頁/共70頁第二十四頁，共71頁

19、。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4“What courses are you going to do next semester?”“I dont know. But its about time _ on something.”A.Id decide B. I decided C. I decide D. Im deciding第25頁/共70頁第二十五頁，共71頁。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4Its high time we _cutting down the rainforests. A. stopped B. had to stop C. sha

20、ll stop D. stop第26頁/共70頁第二十六頁，共71頁。條件句的類型(lixng)一、一、事實與習(xí)慣條件句事實與習(xí)慣條件句（whenever）真實條件句真實條件句二、二、將來假設(shè)條件句（將來假設(shè)條件句（if）三、三、現(xiàn)在與將來相反假設(shè)條現(xiàn)在與將來相反假設(shè)條件句件句非真實條件句非真實條件句四、四、過去相反假設(shè)句過去相反假設(shè)句第27頁/共70頁第二十七頁，共71頁。 虛擬語氣在條件句中虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實相事實相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)與與過去過去相反的相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)與與將來將來相反的相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)If+主語+動詞(dngc)的過去式（動詞(dngc)be用were)

21、主語+should,would,might,could動詞(dngc)原形If+主語(zhy)+had +過去分詞主語should, would, might, couldhave done1、If+主語+動詞過去式2、If+主語+were to+ 動詞原形3、If+主語+should +動詞原形主語should, would might, could動詞原形第28頁/共70頁第二十八頁，共71頁。通常有三種情況：與過去事實相反。 （過去虛擬）與現(xiàn)在事實相反。 （現(xiàn)在虛擬）與將來事實可能相反。（將來虛擬） “后退一步法” 與過去事實相反，在從句中用過去完成時形式(xngsh)表示。與現(xiàn)在事實相

22、反，用一般過去時形式(xngsh)表示。與將來事實可能相反，用過去將來時形式(xngsh)表示。 第29頁/共70頁第二十九頁，共71頁。1) If I were you, I shouldnt do that.2) We would go with you if we had time.3) We could ask him if he were here.4) If I knew his telephone number, I would ring him up.條件從句主句did（be動詞一般用動詞一般用were）would (should, could, might ) + doI.

23、虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法(yn f) 1. 表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞的主要形式如下：第30頁/共70頁第三十頁，共71頁。1) If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.2) If you had come earlier, you would (might) have met him.3) I would have called you if I had known your phone number.條件從句條件從句主句主句had + donewould (might ) + have done2.表示

24、與過去事實相反，謂語動詞的主要 形式(xngsh)如下：第31頁/共70頁第三十一頁，共71頁。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4If only I _play the guitar as well as you! A. would B. Could C. should D. might第32頁/共70頁第三十二頁，共71頁。1) If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 2) If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.3) If it rained tomorrow,

25、we would not go out.條件從句主句didshould dowere to dowould + do3.表示(biosh)與將來事實可能相反，謂語動詞的主要形式如下：第33頁/共70頁第三十三頁，共71頁。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4If only the patient _a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics he might still be alive now. A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were recei

26、ving第34頁/共70頁第三十四頁，共71頁。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _able to advise you much better than I can. A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were第35頁/共70頁第三十五頁，共71頁。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _quite

27、such a crowd of people there. A. werent B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldnt be第36頁/共70頁第三十六頁，共71頁。Note: 省略(shngl)if在書面語中，如果虛擬條件句中有were, had或should，可以把省略(shngl)if而把這幾個詞放到主語之前構(gòu)成主謂倒裝：例如：1. Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.2. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 3.

28、 Had he been more careful (If he had been more careful), such mistakes could have been avoided.第37頁/共70頁第三十七頁，共71頁。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4_for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. A. Had it not been B. Hadnt it been C. Was not D. Were it not第38頁/共70頁第三十八頁，共71頁。虛擬式的特殊(ts

29、h)形態(tài)主從句時態(tài)(sh ti)不一致 If Mother had told me that truth when I was young, I would not make such mistakes so often now.錯綜(cuzng)條件句 If you studied harder now, you would be more successful in the future.第39頁/共70頁第三十九頁，共71頁。1. The committee members propose that the plan _ postponed for a few days. A. bein

30、g C. to be B. been D. be2. The boss insisted that Mr. Copper (give) up smoking at once. 3. The director required that every member in his department (refer) .to this report. 4. I think its high time we _ strict measures to stop pollution. A. will take C. took B. take D. have takenD(should) give(shou

31、ld) referC第40頁/共70頁第四十頁，共71頁。5 If only she (know) that her behaviour was not welcome, she would have been more careful with her manners. 6 If I had a car of my own, I _ it to your sister yesterday. A. would have lent C. must have lent B. would lend D. should lend7 Jack would never have done that if

32、he (have) _ a good education. had known Ahad had 第41頁/共70頁第四十一頁，共71頁。第42頁/共70頁第四十二頁，共71頁。非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達(dá)出來非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達(dá)出來，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子(j zi)叫做含叫做含蓄條件句。蓄條件句。第43頁/共70頁第四十三頁，共71頁。But for, be for, without, but thatIf you had not helped, I wouldnt have passed the exam.But for your he

33、lp, .Without your helpHad it not been for your help, 條件句的變化(binhu)形式（含蓄條件句）But that you helped, .第44頁/共70頁第四十四頁，共71頁。Exercise But for, without, be for, but that 如果(rgu)沒有太陽，地球上就不會有植物。 But for the sun, there would be no plant on our planet. Without the sun, If it were not for the sun, . But that ther

34、e is the sun, 第45頁/共70頁第四十五頁，共71頁。條件句的變化(binhu)形式（含蓄條件句）Otherwise sentence adverb used when saying what would have happened or might have happened if something else had not happened: We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise we would have been here by lunch time. 第46頁/共70頁第四十六頁，共71頁。類似(li s) if 型虛擬語

35、氣虛擬語氣but for +n(要不是), without +n, otherwise，in that case，一些短語相當(dāng)于虛擬條件從句（if）, 其后的句子與虛擬條件主句(zh j)用法一致。+句子(j zi)would/could/should/might +V. (原)would/could/should/might +have done現(xiàn)在/將來過去第47頁/共70頁第四十七頁，共71頁。1. But for your help, we (make) such rapid progress.沒有你的幫助，我們(w men)是不會取得這么快的進(jìn)展的。would not have ma

36、de虛擬語氣虛擬語氣類似(li s) if 型2. Without air, there _ (be) no living things. 如果(rgu)沒有空氣，就不會有生物 would be3. Thanks to the brave young man, otherwise, the boy _(die).would have died第48頁/共70頁第四十八頁，共71頁。Wish / As if (though)類似(li s) if 型虛擬語氣虛擬語氣Would rather/ If only 第49頁/共70頁第四十九頁，共71頁。Wish/As if / （though）+從句

37、(cn j)現(xiàn)在: 過去(guq)時（were）過去(guq): 過去(guq)完成時(had done)未來: would/could/might +V.(原)類似(li s) if 型（1）第50頁/共70頁第五十頁，共71頁。虛擬語氣虛擬語氣例句(lj)1. I wish I were 30 years younger.2. I wish (that) you would get a good job.3. He wished he hadnt done it.4. He treats the little girl as if she were he own daughter.類似(l

38、i s) if 型（1）第51頁/共70頁第五十一頁，共71頁。 would rather + that （從句（從句(cn j)） 寧愿寧愿If only +要是要是(yo shi)該有多好啊該有多好啊過去(guq)時過去完成時現(xiàn)在過去過去時過去完成時現(xiàn)在/將來過去類似 if 型（2）虛擬語氣虛擬語氣第52頁/共70頁第五十二頁，共71頁。 as if / though sbdidhad doneHe talked as if he had been there at that time.He talks as if he knew everything.第53頁/共70頁第五十三頁，共71

39、頁。 even if sb didhad doneEven if I were as rich as you one day, I wont do such a thing.Even if I had managed to do it, they didnt believe me. Even if I had the chance now, Im not interested in it.第54頁/共70頁第五十四頁，共71頁。2. would rather do sthI would rather stay at home in such hot weather.1)2) would rat

40、her sbdid sthhad done sthI would rather you stayed at home.I would rather you had stayed at home.第55頁/共70頁第五十五頁，共71頁。Pattern suggesting best wishesIf only sbdidhad donewould do= how I wish sbdidhad donewould doIf only I were you.How I wish I were you.第56頁/共70頁第五十六頁，共71頁。Subjunctive mood in TEM-461.

41、Its getting late. Id rather you _ now. (2011)A. leftB. leaveC. are leavingD. will leave第57頁/共70頁第五十七頁，共71頁。If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listenB第58頁/共70頁第五十八頁，共71頁。 Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得飽), though his paren

42、ts feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should getC第59頁/共70頁第五十九頁，共71頁。He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. beenA第60頁/共70頁第六十頁，共71頁。 Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. hadD第61頁/共70頁第六十一頁，共71頁。When a

43、pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenC第62頁/共70頁第六十二頁，共71頁。exercisesexercises1. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be第63頁/共70頁第六十三頁，共71頁。2. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox