人教版新目標英語七年級下冊語法知識講解和習題匯編(含答案)

1、人教版新目標英語七年級下冊語法知識講解與經(jīng)典習題匯編(含答案，原創(chuàng))一、情態(tài)動詞(Modal Verbs)1、定義：情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對所說動作的觀點，如：需要、可能、意愿、懷 疑等；情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱、單復數(shù)的變化；情態(tài)動詞后加動詞原型；2、類型及用法：(1) can的用法：can的過去式could,肯定式：S.+can/could+do 否定式：S.+cant/cannot/couldnt+do疑問式：Can/Could +S.+do？回答：Yes, S+can/could. No, S.+cant/couldnt.A:表示能力: e.g. We can speak English and

2、Chinese.B:表示許可： e.g. You cant fight in the hallways.C:表示請求：e.g.Can you pass me my book ?【注意】could也表示請求，但是比can的語氣更委婉，回答仍然是can.e.g. Could you please tell me how to get to the museum ? Yes, I can.(2) may的用法：may的過去式 might肯定式：S+may/might+do否定式：S+may/might +not+do疑問式：May/Might+S.+do.?回答：Yes, S+may/might.

3、No, Scant/mustnt.A:表示許可，意思是“可以”語氣比can更正式及委婉e.g. May I come inB:表示可能性，意思是：也許、可能，但是不確定 e.g. That may be true, I am not sure.【區(qū)另M maybe adv尸perhaps“也許”位于旬首may be“也許是”位于句中，作謂語e.g. It may be his book.Maybe it is his book.(3) must的用法:肯定式：S+must+do否定式：S+mustnt +do疑問式：Must+S+do？回答：Yes, S.+must. No, S.+needn

4、t.A:表示“必須、一定”e.g. You must do your homework in the evening.B:與have to的區(qū)別：(A) have to do表示“不得不”，e.g. I have to study at home because of COVID19.(B) Must表示說話人的主觀看法，have to往往表示說話人的客觀需要：e.g. I have to go home because it is too late.I must study hard at English.(C)否定式含義不同：mustnt不準、禁止” dont have to “不必要”e

5、.g.You mustnt play soccer on the street. It is too dangerous.You dont have to come because it is too late.(D)must只表示現(xiàn)在，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，have to有不同時態(tài)、人稱及數(shù)的變 化：e.g. She has to do her homework at school.He must come back home today.3、經(jīng)典習題：-.May I go shopping with you , Mum ?-No, you .You do your homework now.

6、A. maynt, must B. cant, must C. mustnt, can D.maynt, have to(2)-.Must I clean the classroom now, Miss Green ?A. mustnt, may-No, you . You clean it after school.B.cant, may C.neednt, may D.dont have to, must(3) .-Could you please help me with my homework, Jack ?-Sorry, I . You think about it by yours

7、elf.A. cant, must B.couldnt, must C.cant, could D.could, must(4) .Mr.Green at home. But I am not sure.A. maybe B. can be C.must be D.may be(5) .You make breakfast every morning. We have it at school.A. dont have to, can B.mustnt, must C.cant, can D.maynt, may(答案：BCADA)二、現(xiàn)在進行時(Present Progressive Ten

8、se)1、定義：表示現(xiàn)在(說話瞬間)、當前一段時間的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行或發(fā)生 的動作；2、.肯定式： S.+am/is/are+doing否定式： S+am/is/are+not+doing疑問式：Am/Is/Are +S.+doing.?回答：Yes, S+am/is/are. No, S+am not/isnt/arent.3、現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)的變化規(guī)則：A:一般的情況，直接在動詞末尾加 ing, e.g. say-saying, talk-talkingB:以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的情況，去掉e,再加ing, e.g. make-making【注意】see-seeingbe-being

9、C:如果動詞的最后一個音節(jié)是重讀閉音節(jié)及末尾三個字母是“輔音字母 +元音字 母+輔音字母”，先雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加 ing, e.g. shop-shoppingget-gettingsit-sitting run-running put-putting【思考】listen-wait- open-eat-4、時間狀語或標志詞 /組：now/listen/look/at this time/It is .oclock./上下文e.g.Look! The boy is reading English.【注意】現(xiàn)在進行時也表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常反復發(fā)生的動作：e.g.The boys mother is

10、 always saying , Dont be late for school.某些動詞的進行時的形式也可以表示將來時，如：go/come/leave等e.g. Be quick ! The bus is coming.5、經(jīng)典習題:(1)Who . to the radio ? Some old men are.A. are listening B.is listening C.listen D.listens(2) Peters and milk at the table now.A. siting, drinking B.sitting, drinks C.sitting, drink

11、ing D.sit, drink(3)-Where is your mother?- She with my math teacher in the classroom.A.talks B.is talking C.talking D.is talks(4)It is six oclock in the evening. The Greens dinner.A. is having B.are having C.has D.have(5)Tom , but his brother .A.is drawing,is B.isnt drawing, isC.is drawing, does D.i

12、snt drawing, doesnt(答案：BCBBB)般過去時(Simple Past Tense)1、定義：表示過去某個時間或一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示過 去經(jīng)常或反復發(fā)生的動作，常和 often/always等頻度副詞連用；2、動詞be的句型:肯定式： S.+ was/were+.疑問式：Was/Were+ S. +.?否定式：S.+wasnt/werent+.回答：Yes, S.+was/were. No, S.+wasnt/werent.3、行為動詞的句型：肯定式：S.+did+.疑問式;Did+S.+do.?4.規(guī)則動詞的過去式構(gòu)成:否定式：S.+didnt+do.

13、回答：Yes, S. +did. No, S.+didnt.A:一般的情況：在動詞末尾加ed, e.g. look-looked, talk-talkedB:以 e結(jié)尾的動詞，力口 d, e.g. live-lived, hope-hopedC:如果動詞的最后一個音節(jié)是重讀閉音節(jié)及末尾三個字母是“輔音字母+元音字母+輔音字母”，先雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加 ed, e.g. shop-shoppedD：以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞，改y為i,加ed, e.g. study-studied【注意】不規(guī)則動詞的過去式構(gòu)成見課本后面P141,過去式的讀音規(guī)則見課本P114的表格。5、 時間 狀語或標志詞

14、/組/句 子： yesterday(morning/afternoon/evening), last night/week/month, in 2019, three days ago, just now/a moment ago, the other dayX 下文等6、經(jīng)典習題：(1)Tom his homework just now. He the piano.A.didnt, playedB. doesnt do, playsC.didnt do, playedD.doesnt, plays(2)-Who the bed for you ?- My sister did.A. make

15、s B.is making C.make D.made(3)-When you to study online ?-On February 20,2020.A. do, start B.did, start C.did, started D.do, started(4)Bob a new bike for his son two days ago.A.brought B.bought C.brings D.buys(5)Mary to London the other day.A. flied B.fliesC.flew D.is flying(答案：CDBBC)四、There be結(jié)構(gòu)：表示

16、“某地或某時有某物或某人”，1、句型： There + be (is/are/was/were)+sb./sth.+somewhere/some time否定旬： There +isnt/arent/wasnt/werent+sb./sth.+somewhere/some time疑問旬：Is/Are/Was/Were+there+sb./sth.+somewhere/some time?回答；Yes,there is/are/was/were. No, there isnt/arent/wasnt/werent.e.g.There is a book and two pens on the

17、desk.There are two pens and a book on the desk.Are there any books on the desk ? Yes, there are some.2、【注意】動詞be和后面所跟的名詞在數(shù)方面必須一致，即“就近原則”；回答時用there,不可以用it/they/this/that; some用于肯定句、肯定回答，但是在 句型：Would/Could.？中也可以用some； any用于否定句、疑問句、否定回答 中，但是在句型if(如果)表示條件的從句中，可以用 any,表示“任何，任一,3、對數(shù)量提問用how many/much:e.g. T

18、here are some people in the room.(對戈U線部分提問)How many people are there in the room ?There is a little meat in the bowl.(對劃線部分提問)How much meat is there in the bowl ?對內(nèi)容提問用what:e.g.- What is in the bag 2- There are some books in it.表示有某人在做某事： There +be+sb. +doing sth.e.g.There are some boys playing bask

19、etball on the playground.4、【區(qū)別】：表示“某人擁有。用have/has/had;表示“某地存在。用there bee.g. He has a book .There is a book in his bag.互換： Our school has 200 teachers.There are 200 teachers in our school.易錯題： There is going to have a meeting tomorrow.(F)There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.(T)There is Toms book o

20、n the desk.(F)There is the book on the desk. (F)There is a book on the desk. (T)5、經(jīng)典習題：(1) Look !There no beef and eggs in the noodles.A. is B.are C.was D.were(2) porridge in the bowl ?A. How many, are thereB.How much, are thereC.How many, is thereD. How much, is there(3)Could you please get me milk

21、 ?A.any B.some C.a D.many(4) there any people in the classroom ? No, .A. Is, there isnt B.Are, they arent C.Is, it isnt D.Are, there arent(5)- in your hand 2- There are two coins.A. Whats B. What are C. How many are D. How much is(答案；ADBDA )五、介詞(Preposition)1、定義：介詞一般用于名詞或代詞前，表示該詞與句中其他成分的關(guān)系，介詞 后面的名詞或

22、代詞稱為介詞賓語(若是人稱代詞，則用賓格)，介詞短語二介詞+ 介詞賓語2、類型：A:表示時間的介詞：in/on/at/after/before等【區(qū)別】(A) in +the morning/afternoon/evening; in 2020,in spring/summer/autumn/winter ; in May in the 1990s(B) on Monday on Monday morning on May 4,2020 on his birthdayon the first day on a cold morning on weekends on vacationon Wom

23、ens Day(C) at nine oclock at this time at night at noon at the age of 13【思考】 在2020年6月1日周一上午八點半鐘at 8:30 on Monday morning of June 1,2020B; 表 示地點 的介詞 ：in/on/at/near/next to/in front of/in the front of/behind/beside/between/under/in the middle of/at the back of,etc.【區(qū)別】(A) in在。里面,在大地7Ton在。表面上e.g. in th

24、e room in Beijingat在小地方，具體的某個點on the desk at home at Mr.Cools store【注意下列介詞短語的不同意思】There is a picture on the wall.There is a window in the wall.There is a boy in the tree.There is an apple on the tree.The boy is in bed.There is a quilt on the bed.The man is working in the hospital. The man is in hosp

25、ital.The girl is at/in school today. The girl isnt working in the school.(B) in front of -在。外部的前面in the front of.在。內(nèi)部的前面e.g.A bus driver is sitting in the front of the bus.Mary sits in front of Alice.(C) between-在。之間(兩者)among-在。之間(三者或三者以上)In the middle of在。中間(正中央)e.g. Mary sits between Alice and me.

26、Among these people, there is a boy .There is an old desk in the middle of the classroomC:其它介詞的用法及區(qū)別(A ) in用ooo語百with 用。工具e.g. Can you say it in English ?Can you write it with your pencil ?(B) for-對于。o o,為了 o o oe.g. For me, I like to study online. I have an egg for breakfast.for-以。為代價e.g. I bought t

27、he bike for only 50 dollars.for-(時間)長達。之久e.g.He played the piano for two hours .(C) in+一段時間-用于將來時態(tài)e.g. The bus is coming in ten minutes.after+一段時間-用于過去時態(tài)e.g.The man came back after two days.3、固定搭配：詳見課本P1184、經(jīng)典習題：(1)-When did the traffic accident happen?- the evening March 13,2020.A. In, of B.On, of

28、C.In,on D.On,on(2).He got back from Beijing two weeks.A. inB.after C.for D.before(3)When the driver who sits the bus saw a boy the bus , he stopped the bus at once.D.in front of, in front ofA. in the front of, in front ofB.in front of, in the front ofC.in the front of, in the front of(4) our eyes,we

29、 can see more than 2.000 stars a sunny night.A. In, on B.At, at C.By, on D.With, on(5)-How long did you stay at home ? - about two months.A. In B. After C. ForD. At(答案：BBADC)六、句子種類(Sentence Types1、祈使句：表示請求、命令、勸告、號召、警告等，通常省略主語you;(A)句型：肯定句：Do/Be+.否定句：Dont do/be+.e.g. Go along the street and turn righ

30、t, please.Dont be late for class!Please call me at 234589.(B) Let sb. do sth.表示建議、邀請和勸告等，常用于第一或第三人稱 e.g. Let me help you !Lets go home now.Dont let him leave the room.(C) No+n./doing 表示“禁止。”e.g. No photos. No smoking. No parking.(D)經(jīng)典習題： Jack, on the wall.A.doesnt draw B. dont draw C.isnt drawing D.

31、 draws (2)Please talk in class.A. not B.not to C. dont D. doesnt(3)Now your books and the new words after me, kids.A.open, read B.opening, reading C.open, reading D.opening, read(答案：BCA )2、選擇疑問句：指說話人提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，問對方選擇哪一種選項， 兩個選擇項用or連接，注意：回答選擇疑問句不能用yes/no;e.g. Are you sitting or standing now ? I am s

32、itting.What do you like, tea or coffee ? I like tea.七、綜合練習題：（一）句型轉(zhuǎn)換題：一空一詞1. Tom doesnt run in the morning.由 now 改為現(xiàn)在進行時）Tom now.2. You mustnt play on the busy street改為祈使句）on the busy street.3. Peter isnt doing sports now.網(wǎng) just now 改寫句子）Peter sports just now.4. There is a bowl of noodles on the table.（就戈U線部分提問）