非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之分詞

1、三三. 分詞分詞 （現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）1. 作表語(yǔ)時(shí)區(qū)別作表語(yǔ)時(shí)區(qū)別 The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.The present situation is inspiring. They were frightened at the sad sight.He is interested in this book. 2. 作定語(yǔ)時(shí)區(qū)別作定語(yǔ)時(shí)區(qū)別1）前置定語(yǔ)）前置定語(yǔ) （現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)或者動(dòng)作正在（現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)或者動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或者動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或者動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成） boi

2、ling water, boiled water; falling leaves, fallen leavesdeveloping countries, developed countries; polluted air, spoken English2) 后置定語(yǔ)后置定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞或代詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞與所修飾的名詞或代詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞與所修飾的名詞或代詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞與所修飾的名詞或代詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father.This is the house bu

3、ilt several years ago.The pen lying on the table belongs to you.He is a teacher respected by all his students.注意注意：to be done; being done; done 做后置定做后置定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。The building built last year is our library.The building being built now is our library.The building to be built next year is our library.

4、 3. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)區(qū)別作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)區(qū)別 （主語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)）賓補(bǔ)）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，可用現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，可用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，常見的接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，常見的接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有： see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, find, keep, leave, catch，have等等Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? He kept the car waiting at the gate.

5、We had the fire burning all day當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)I heard the song sung several times last week.I wish my homework finished before five oclock. He had his leg broken when he was playing football . 4. 作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)區(qū)別作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)區(qū)別 分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句），分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)（相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句），說(shuō)明句子動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)

6、間，原因，條件，結(jié)果，說(shuō)明句子動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，原因，條件，結(jié)果，方式，伴隨狀態(tài)等等。方式，伴隨狀態(tài)等等。當(dāng)分詞和句子的主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)分詞和句子的主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)；作狀語(yǔ)； 當(dāng)分詞和句子的主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用當(dāng)分詞和句子的主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. （伴隨）（伴隨） Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. （時(shí)間）（時(shí)間）He dropped the glass, breaking it into

7、 pieces. （結(jié)果）（結(jié)果） Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. (條件）條件）Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. Given more time, Ill be able to do it better.分詞的幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)分詞的幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)：1. 分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和句子的分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)和句子的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)

8、。主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)。2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的兩種形式現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的兩種形式 （一般式：（一般式：doing 完成式：完成式： having done） Hearing the bell, the students entered the classroom.Having finished the course, we had an exam. 3. 分詞是不能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成份的。分詞是不能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)成份的。 Being exposed to sunlight for too long time will do harm to your skin.Being laughed at is a pai

9、nful thing.4. 現(xiàn)在分詞的固定用法現(xiàn)在分詞的固定用法Judging from-, Generally speaking, -Speaking of/Talking of -, Considering-, Talking of the world resources, they are very limited. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中兩個(gè)重要結(jié)構(gòu)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中兩個(gè)重要結(jié)構(gòu)1. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是帶有自己主語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分句，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是帶有自己主語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分句，通常在句中起狀語(yǔ)分句的作用。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可通常在句中起狀語(yǔ)分句的作用。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可放于句首、句尾，用逗

10、號(hào)和主句隔開。放于句首、句尾，用逗號(hào)和主句隔開。基本形式是：基本形式是：名詞名詞/代詞代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞/不定式不定式/形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ)The boy lay on his back, crossed under his head. his handsnot finished, we couldnt see the film. The job permitting，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow Weather leading the way, we had no trouble fi

11、nding the strange cave. The boyThese are the first two books， the third one to come out next month. The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while. The meeting over, we all went home. Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away. 2. with /without 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) with/without + 名詞名詞/代詞代詞 + doing/done/to do /形容詞形容詞/副詞副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)介詞短語(yǔ) He wrote many novels, many of _