2020高考英語三模前任務(wù)型閱讀專題練05(學(xué)生版)三年真題研讀專練

1、三年真題研讀專練三模前任務(wù)型閱讀專題練 05說明：為方便用戶組卷，故所有專題的題目序號(hào)跟高考真題一致。題組一A fresh-faced batch of teenagers just began a new school year, but will they get the most out of it? In the mornings, many are forced to get to school much too early. And at night, screens are a temptation that s hard to resist. This double whamm

2、y（雙重災(zāi)難）is a perfect lesson in sleep deprivation（錄i奪）.Three out of every four students in grades 9 to 12 fail to sleep the minimum of eight hours that the American Academy of Medicine recommends for their age group. In most cases, insufficient sleep results in reduced attention, preventing students p

3、rogress and lowering grades. More alarmingly, sleep deprivation may lead tophysical and emotional problems.It is important to understand why teenagers have a particularly hard time getting enough sleep, and what adults need to do to help. First, a reminder of the basic biology: Adolescents are no lo

4、nger the morning larks of their younger years. They become rewired as night owls, staying awake later and then sleeping in. This is mostly driven by changes in the way the brain responds to light.New technology habits aren t helping. More teenagers now turn to activities involving screens at night.

5、The growth in screen time is particularly problematic for sleep. The blue light emitted（ 發(fā)出）by LEDs, TVs, tablets and smartphones suppresses the body s編creoomelatonin（褪黑激素 ）,the hormone that signals it s time tosleep. Overdosing on screens at night effectively tells the brain it s still daytime, sHe

6、eying the bodyeven further.Parents should inform their kids of the time that can be spent on screens, and praise children who show signs of regulating their own media consumption. In the hour before bedtime, there should be a suspension on bright lights in the home, avoiding devices and harsh LED bu

7、lbs in kitchens and bathrooms.In 2016, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended that middle and high schools start no earlierthan 8:30 a.m., a policy now backed by the American Medical Association and many other health organizations.Parents also need to join forces with community leaders, slee

8、p scientists, health professionals and educators to put school start times on the local, then state agendas.Whenever schools have managed the transition to a later start time, students get more sleep, attendance goes up, grades improve and there is a significant reduction in car accidents.TitleLet T

9、eenagers Sleep InIntroductionThe (71)of students fail to have enough sleep.Consequences ofinsufficient sleepLacking sleep, students fail to (72)on their study, progress prevented andgrades lowered. Deprived of sleep, students are(73)to suffer from physical and emotionalproblems.Reasons for sleep Bio

10、logically, adolescents tend to sleep lateand get up (74), which can tmeet the actual needs. Long(75) to the blue light from screens prevents the bodythe hormone sending sleeping signals.(76)to theproblem Parents should set read77)on screen time, and praise children who canregulate their own media co

11、nsumption. Before bedtime, parents should create a healthy environment(78) frombright or too strong lights. Joint efforts should be made to(79)the school start time until, say, 8:30a.m.ConclusionChanges on school start time will (80)both students and society althoughthere is a long way to go.s secre

12、tioi題組二Most people have a list of wishes things that they think will bring them happiness. Happiness lists are easyto come up with. However, the mechanism behind them is somewhat complicated, since it involves what psychologist Daniel Gilbert calls the greatest achievement of the human brain the abi

13、lity to imagine. To imagine what will bring joy to our future selves requires mental time travel, which is a unique human skill resulting from two million years of evolution. We use this skill every day, predicting our future emotions and then making decisions, whether big or small, according to our

14、 forecasts of how theyure selves feerin ake our futYet, our imagination often fails us. When we re lucky enough to get what we wished for, we discover that itdoesn t come with everlasting happiness. And when the things we feared come to pass, we realize that they don crush us after all. In dozens of

15、 studies, Gilbert has shown that we can mispredict emotional consequences ofpositive events, such as receiving gifts or winning football games, as much as negative events, like breaking up or losing an election. This impact bias(影響偏差 )overestimation of the intensity and duration of our emotional rea

16、ctions to future events is significant, because the prediction of the duration of our future emotions is what often shapes our decisions, including those concerning our happiness.Just as our immune systems work tirelessly to keep our bodies in good health, our psychological immunesystems routinely e

17、mploy an entire set of cognitive( 認(rèn)知)mechanisms in order to deal with life s habitual attack oless-than-pleasant circumstances. Actually, our psychological immune system has an impressive feature of its own:the ability to produce happiness. Thus, when life disappoints us, wea ignore, transform, and

18、rearrangethrough a variety of creative strategies until the rough edges of negative effects have been dutifully dulled. Whenwe fail to recognize this ability of our psychological immune systems to produce happiness, weerrors in our affective forecasting.Happiness, Gilbert points out, is a fast movin

19、g target. As passionate as we re about finding it, we routinely misforecast what will make us happy, and how long our joy will last. In reality, he adds that the best way to make an affective forecast is not to use your imagination, but your eyes. Namely, instead of trying to predict how happy you l

20、l be in a particular future, look closely at those who are already in the future that youcontemplating(冥想)and ask how happy they are. If something makes others happy, it ll likely make you hawell.Forecasting HappinessThe mechanism behindhappiness lists It s a bit complicated because of the involveme

21、nt of the human ability to (71) A_. Mental time travel is a unique human skill we use on a(n) (72)basis tomake predictions about our future emotions and then (73)all ourdecisions on them.The (74)with predicting happiness We can make wrong predictions about emotional consequences of positive ornegati

22、ve events, which can (75) us from making right decisions.The functions of the psychological immune system Our psychological immune system routinely help (76)unpleasantcircumstances in life. Our wrong affective forecasting results from our (77)to recognize thepower of our psychological immune system.

23、An effective Use your eye$79)of your imagination while making affective(78)toforecasts. (80)others who are in the future that youre cpredict happinessand ask how happy they are.ontemplating題組三Lindsay Renwick, the mayor of Deniliquin, a country town in New South Wales, misses the constant whir of the

24、 rice mill whose giant fans dried the rice. The Deniliquin mill, the largest rice mill in the Southern Hemisphere, once processed enough grain to meet the needs of 20 million people globally. But six years of drought have had a destructive effect, reducing Australia s rice crop by 98 percent and lea

25、ding to the存ooftheinmlQl lastDecember.Drought affects every agriculture industry based in Australia, not just rice from sheep farming, the country s other backbone, to the cultivation of grapes for wine, the fastest-growing crop there, with that expansion often coming at the expense of rice. The dro

26、ught s effect on rice has produced the greatest impact on the rest of the worlso far. It is one factor contributing to skyrocketing prices, and many scientists believe it is among the earliest signs that a warming planet is starting to affect food production.Researchers are looking for solutions to

27、global rice shortages for example, rice that blooms earlier in the day, when it is cooler, to fight against global warming. Rice plants that happen to bloom on hot days are less likely to produce grains of rice, a difficulty that is already starting to emerge in inland areas of China and other Asian

28、 countries as temperatures begin to climb. There will be problems very soon unless we have new varieties of rice iplace, said Reiner Wassmann, climate change director at the International Rice Research Institute(IRRI). The recent reports on climate change carried a warning that could make the news e

29、ven worse: that existing models for the effects of climate change on agriculture did not yet include newer findings that global warming could reduce rainfall and make it more variable.Meanwhile, changes like the use of water to grow wine grapes instead of rice carry their own costs, as the developin

30、g world is discovering. Rice is an essential food, sail Graeme Haley, the general manager of tDeniliquin. Wine is not. ”Yet the effects of climate change are not uniformly bad for rice. Rising concentrations( 濃度)of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, can actually help rice although the effect r

31、educes or disappears if the plants faceunnecessary heat, inadequate water, severe pollution or other stresses. Still, the flexibility of farmers here hasrelieved, if not completely avoided.persuaded some climate experts that, particularly in developed countries, the effects of climate change may beF

32、armers are learning how to do thI m not as negative as most people, director of thaFeWne Steffen,School of Environment and Society at Australian National University.differently.Six years of drought has reduced Australia s rice crop by 98%, leaviiPhenomenonrice mill (71). Every Australian agriculture

33、 industry is affected, sheep farming (73). The cultivation of grapes for wine may stop (74)owing to a shortage of(72)ofrice.climate change Rice prices are rising(75) .on agriculture flood production will be reduced for a recent report reveals that global warming may reduce rainfall and cause it to (

34、76)more often.78)old types with a new variety of rice that blooms earlier when it is(77)to globalcooler.rice shortages Use water instead of rice to grow wine. Rice can actually(79) by the rising concentration of carbon dioxide andthe main greenhouse gas.Some good news Though the effects of climate c

35、hange are(80), farmers are flexible andcan do things differently.the largest題組四In workplaces and families across the world, people tend to communicate on the Internet. We send endless emails; we video chat rather than travel across the town to meet. Actually, sitting down and interacting with someon

36、e in person can seem like a rare luxury nowadays. But as technology develops, are we losing our ability to connect and empathize(移情)with others?Empathy is the ability to feel another person s emotions and understand his/her views. In the past few decresearchers have emphasized our ability to literal

37、ly read others. The way we usually try to detect other people emotions is through their facial expressions their eyes in particular. We are told that“the eyes are the windcthe soul, and eye contact is certain critical in empathy.”However, empathy relies on more than reading facial expressions. New r

38、esearch suggests our voice can greatly help us connect. A new study by Michael Kraus from Yale University has found that our sense of hearing may be even stronger than our sight when it comes to accurately detecting people s emotions. In other may be able to sense someone s emotional state even bett

39、er over the phone than in person. Kraus conducted three experiments to arrive at the conclusion. In all these experiments, the participants gave the best performance when they only heard peoples voices(compared to when they looked at facial expressions alone, or looked at facial expressions and hear

40、d voices).In several follow-up studies, Kraus directed his attention to why the voice is such a powerful mode of empathy. He asked the participants to discuss a difficult work situation over a video conferencing platform using either just the microphone or the microphone and the video. Once again, t

41、he participants were more accurate at detecting people s emotions in vokanly calls. When we only listen to the voice, he found, we simply focus more on the nuances(細(xì)微差別 )as the speakers express themselves.How can we get better at interpreting emotions in the vo ices of our coworkers and loved ones?

42、There isn tmuch research so far exploring this question specifically. One study on babies, cries suggested that parents with more musical training were better at distinguishing cries of distress from other types of cries. But, really, we might not need much training. Kraus found that, once you remov

43、e other inputs(like facial expressions), your attention naturally sharpens when it comes to voice messages. Besides, the human ability to catch nuances in voices may have offered a strong evolutionary advantage to our ancestors, which helped ensure survival.You re more emotionally on the phoneA ques

44、tion to answer Nowadays(71) communication has gained great popularity, whichdramatically (72)real-life interactions. In such a situation, can we stillconnect and empathize with others?A (73)beliefabout empathy Humans tend to understand what other people are(74)by detecting theirfacial expressions, e

45、specially from their eyes.A new study aboutempathy The new study was(75)on three experiments, which suggested that theparticipants were most (76)in detecting people s emotions when theheard their voices.y onlyA(n) (77)ofthe new study The voice is a powerful mode of empathy, because it makes people s

46、tay(78) on the voice messages.Other discoveries According to a study on babies cries, musical (79ining is a to betterability to listen for empathy. The ability to listen was an important reason why our ancestors were able to (80).題組五How Female Farmers Are Feeding the WorldThe exact data on women in

47、agriculture is difficult to pin down. There are variations between countries and agriculture data is challenging to collect. What is clear, however, is that most small-scale farmers are women, making up 60-80 percent of farmers in developing countries. The FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization of th

48、e UN)estimates that between 43 percent to even 70 percent of agricultural labor in some countries comes from women.But women still don t have the same rights as men when it comes to farming, making food production harder for women because of gender inequality. For female farmers, it is unquestionabl

49、y a challenging job to engage in food production.In the first place, purchasing land, farming equipment and hiring labor can be expensive. These costs are even harder on women because many of them lack access to credit. In nearly 48 economies women face legal restrictions to having control of their

50、own finances.Getting to the bank is hard too. Mobility for women in rural parts of developing countries is a big concern. Better transportation and infrastructure could help make access to credit more practicable for women. Credit and finance should be equal for everyone, especially women who are he

51、ld back by gender restrictions.Sadly, women may run the world, but they do not own it. Women are virtually denied property rights.Traditional customs in place can pass down land through the male side of the family, leaving women out of land rights completely. Other times, women need permission from

52、a male relative or husband to own land.It has been apparent that women are not as productive farmers as men and work longer hours in somecountries like Indonesia. This is largely due to a lack of education. When education is considered more valuable for men(and thus mainly given to men), women farmers are less informed about the best production methods, thus producing less yield in crops and becoming“ lessij3rodnctive)e changed t